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Lecture7 - Data Exchange and Interoperability

The document discusses Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the importance of data exchange and interoperability in construction projects, highlighting the need for standardized data formats like Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). It emphasizes the financial losses incurred due to data incompatibilities and the role of IFC in facilitating collaboration among various stakeholders in the construction industry. Additionally, it outlines the structure and relationships within the IFC data model, showcasing its application in public sector projects and the benefits of vendor-neutral data exchange standards.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views64 pages

Lecture7 - Data Exchange and Interoperability

The document discusses Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the importance of data exchange and interoperability in construction projects, highlighting the need for standardized data formats like Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). It emphasizes the financial losses incurred due to data incompatibilities and the role of IFC in facilitating collaboration among various stakeholders in the construction industry. Additionally, it outlines the structure and relationships within the IFC data model, showcasing its application in public sector projects and the benefits of vendor-neutral data exchange standards.

Uploaded by

mjcompany2024
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computerorientierte Methoden CAD

Technische Universität München

Building Information Modeling

Data exchange and interoperability

Prof. Dr.-Ing. André Borrmann


Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Data Exchange in Conventional Projects

Building Design and Engineering


XML
PDF
Surveillance
DWG
PDF
Building owner

Architecture Structural Analysis

DXF PDF DXF PDF

Construction

PDF
DGN

PDF
Electrical Design HVAC design

Facility Management

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Quelle: Buildipedia.com

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Data exchange and interoperability

Why?
▪ large number of experts from different
domains
▪ distribution of planning tasks across
different enterprises
▪ different software solutions
▪ strong dependency of design decisions

→ Intense information exchange necessary

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Data exchange and interoperability

NIST study (2004):


15,8 Billion US$ per year get lost
during planning, construction and
operation of government facilities
due to incompatibilities and data loss

vendor-specific data formats


Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik
Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Data exchange and Interoperability

Standardized
Data
Exchange

vendor-specific data formats vendor-neutral data format


Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik
Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)

▪ the standardized data model for the exchange of Building Information Models
→ geometry and semantics!!
▪ developed and maintained by buildingSMART
▪ founded in 1995
▪ non-profit organization
▪ members: software vendors, consultants, institutions, …
▪ ISO-Standard: ISO 16739
▪ all BIM tools provide export and import functionalities for IFC files
▪ current official version: IFC 4.3

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2m_IL99WOzQ

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Vendor-neutral Data Exchange Standards

Why?

▪ fair competition between software vendors

▪ competition results in better products & better prices

▪ public authorities must not demand


products of one specific vendor

▪ many success stories:


HTML, XML, SQL, USB, paper sizes

▪ important for IFC usage: purpose of data exchange


→ Data handover to the client
→ Coordination of disciplines
→ Model handover to following design phase
(reference vs. modifiable)

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC in the public sector

▪ mandatory handover format for all public building projects in


▪ The Netherlands, Austria
▪ The Nordic Countries
▪ Singapore, …
▪ USA :
▪ General Service Administration (GSA)
▪ US Army Corps of Engineers
▪ Germany:
▪ public BIM infrastructure projects
▪ public BIM building projects
http://www.buildingsmartalliance.org/index.php/nbims/

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC-based Collaboration: Design Coordination

Architecture HVAC Structural Coordination


Modeling Modeling Analysis
Software Software Software Clash detection,
Coordination
IFC
IFC
Federated Model
IFC
IFC
Handover

Native Native Native


Files Files Files Client
.rvt .dwg .dgn

Figure based on http://bimblog.bondbryan.com/openbim-for-facilities-management/

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Interoperability
Autodesk Architecture → IFC → Graphisoft ArchiCAD

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Interoperability
Autodesk Architecture → IFC → Graphisoft ArchiCAD

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

„Geometry only“ exchange formats

▪ Open formats
▪ DXF, IGES, STL, VRML, 3DX, OBJ…
▪ pure geometry transport
▪ Limitations
▪ no semantics
▪ no modification possible
▪ limited use for downstream applications
(quantity take-off, simulations,
calculations, etc.)

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

BIM Modeling

Objects combining geometry and semantics

▪ Catalogue of parametric object types


(Walls, Columns, Doors, Windows, etc.)

▪ objects have geometric and


non-geometric attributes

▪ necessary for downstream applications


(simulation, analysis, quantity take-off)

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC can describe ...

© Jeffrey Wix, AEC3

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Object-oriented modeling
▪ Schema vs. Instances

0
Schema IFC data model

Concrete
Instances building model
IFC file

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Unified Modeling Language


Object-oriented modeling
▪ Attributes, Inheritance, Relationships Wall No. 17
Class ID = 73655287127
Object position = (3.00, 2.00, 0.00)
Attribute length = 1.70
ID : number thickness = 0.24
Inheritance Data Type height = 2.90
has_openings = {#32,#54,#63}
Element

position : vector

Wall Window
Opening
length: number has_openings 0..n contains 0..n width: number
thickness: number length: number height : number
1 contained in 1 contained in
height: number width : number

Association Role Cardinality Unified Modeling Language (UML)

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC Data Model IfcRoot in total: > 800 classes

IfcObjectDefinition IfcPropertyDefinition IfcRelationship

IfcObject IfcTypeObject IfcRelConnects IfcRelDecomposes

IfcProcess IfcActor IfcProduct IfcControl IfcRessource

IfcPort IfcSpatialElement IfcAnnotation IfcProxy IfcElement

IfcSpatialStructureElement IfcSpatialZone IfcDistrbutionElement IfcFeatureElement IfcGeographicElement

IfcSite IfcFacility IfcFacilityPart IfcBuildingStorey IfcSpace

IfcBuiltElement
IfcBuilding IfcBridge IfcMarineFacility IfcRoad IfcRailway

IfcBearing IfcPlate IfcFooting IfcWindow IfcWall IfcBeam IfcColumn IfcCovering IfcRoof

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

STEP

▪ IFC is based on the ISO-Standard STEP (ISO 10303)


▪ STandard for the Exchange of Product model data
▪ Product Model = Geometry + Semantics
▪ used in manufacturing, automotive, ship industry
▪ IFC inherits from STEP:
▪ data modeling language EXPRESS
▪ exchange of a model via:
STEP Physical File (P21)
STEP XML (P28)
▪ geometric modeling

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Data modeling: EXPRESS and EXPRESS-G

EXPRESS-G

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Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC Data Model

EXPRESS File

Full specification and documentation available at:


File
https://technical.buildingsmart.org/standards/ifc/ifc-schema-specifications/

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Example: EXPRESS definition of IfcProduct

Link to Doc
Name of the entity

sub-classes

super-class
optional ?

type of associated entity

Attributes / Relations

Inverse Attributes

Rules

relating name of the attribute of


name of the attribute container type relating entity
entity

https://technical.buildingsmart.org/standards/ifc/ifc-schema-specifications/

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC Data model

IfcBuiltElement Subclasses

▪ IfcBeam, IfcColumn
▪ IfcCurtainWall, IfcDoor
▪ IfcMember, IfcPlate
▪ IfcRailing, IfcRamp
▪ IfcRoof, IfcSlab
▪ IfcStair, IfcWall
▪ IfcWallStandardCase
▪ IfcWindow
▪ ...

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC Data model

Relationships

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC Relationships

IfcRelAggregates
▪ Spatial Structure
→ Project
→ Site
→ Building
(→ Building Part)
→ Building Storey

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC Relationships

IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure
▪ assigning building elements
to storeys

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC Relationships
Fills / Voids Relationship

▪ objectified relationships

Wall OpeningElement Window

hasOpenings fillsVoid

relatingBuildingElement relatedOpeningElement relatingOpeningElement relatedBuildingElement

RelVoidsElement RelFillsElement
voidsElement hasFillings

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC Relationships

IfcRelSpaceBoundary
▪ important for
→ Quantity Take-Off
→ Energy Analysis

M. Weise et al.: Implementation Guide: Space Boundaries for Energy Analysis. GSA & OGC, 2011

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Film

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC: Strict Separation of Semantics and Geometry

→ IFC allow different geometry representations for one semantic object

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC: Different Geometry Representations

Tesselated BRep BRep Swept Solid CSG Primitive

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IfcBuildingElementProxy

The IfcBuildingElementProxy is a
proxy definition that provides the same
functionality as any subtype of
IfcBuiltElement,
but without having a predefined meaning
of the special type of building element
it represents.

Vonthron et al. 2018


→ used for all elements that are not (yet) defined in IFC
→ example: Bridge Bearing
→ heavily used in infrastructure projects

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Property Sets
▪ store information which is not part of the standardized schema

▪ flexible definition of
properties without the
need to extend the
IFC standard
▪ Name-Value Pairs

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Property sets
Specific properties based on the international IFC standard

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

IFC: Data Model and Instance

Wall Opening
1 1 .. n Data Model
lenght height
thickness width
EXPRESS
height position

Wall No.17 Opening No.1


length = 720 height = 140
thickness = 24 width = 150
Instances
height = 320 position = (220, 100)

STEP P21 File


Opening No.2
height = 210
width = 100
position = (420, 0)

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

.IFC File: Instances / Concrete building model


STEP Part 21 „Clear Text Encoding“ / STEP Physical File

File

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Model View Definition (MVD)


▪ a model view defines a subset of the full IFC schema
▪ defines mandatory and optional objects / attributes
▪ pre-defined views
IFC 2x3
▪ Coordination view
▪ Structural analysis view
▪ Facility management handover view

IFC 4
▪ Reference view
▪ Design Transfer View

→ specific requirements with respect to geometry


→ certification of software for specific model views
https://standards.buildingsmart.org/MVD/RELEASE/IFC4/ADD2_TC1/RV1_2/HTML/
https://technical.buildingsmart.org/standards/mvd/mvd-database/
CSG Swept Solid BRep Triangles

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Example: IFC Revit Export

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Customized IFC-Export

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Customized IFC-Export from Revit

Objectives (demanded by the client)


▪ (1) Export all objects of a model using correct IFC object types!

▪ (2) Export all required attributes as part of a specific PropertySet!

1
2

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Standard IFC-Export from Revit

▪ All user-defined Revit Families will be exported as IfcBuildingElementProxy


Revit-Parameters will not be exported correctly / completely

© AEC3

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Customized IFC-Export from Revit

Solution: Use the family parameters IfcExportAs / IfcExportType

▪ IfcExportAs (sets a specific IFC class or prevents export: DontExport)

▪ IfcExportType (sets a defined type [subcategory] of an IFC class)

© AEC3

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

PropertySet IFC Class


Customized IFC-Export from Revit
PSET Configuration File

▪ Defines mapping from


Revit parameters to
IFC properties IFC property Data Type Revit Parameter

▪ Organized into PropertySets


▪ use Tabs not Spaces for separating!

Pset Configuration © AEC3

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Customized IFC Export from Revit

Choose Setup

▪ IFC Version und MVD

▪ Modify setup

© AEC3
Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik
Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Customized IFC-Export from Revit

© AEC3

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Customized IFC-Export from ArchiCAD

▪ Project-specific attributes are


defined for each object type
individually

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Customized IFC-Export from ArchiCAD

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Open BIM Examples

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Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Open BIM Example: Denmark Technical University

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Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Queen‘s wharf,
Brisbane, Australia
Queen's Wharf,
Brisban

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Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Essentials

▪ Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) provide an international standard


for the exchange of intelligent building information models

▪ data exchange between different programs of different vendors

▪ complex object-oriented data model


(large inheritance hierarchy, objectified relationships, extension mechanisms)

▪ different geometry representations

▪ demanded for public projects: handover to client

▪ used for coordination across disciplines

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Literature

▪ Borrmann, A.; Beetz, J.; Koch, C. ; Liebich, T.: Industry Foundation Classes: A
Standardized Data Model for the Vendor-Neutral Exchange of Digital Building
Models, In: Borrmann, A.; König, M.; Koch, C.; Beetz, J. (Eds): Building
Information Modeling, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015

▪ C. Eastman: „Building Product Models: Computer Environments Supporting


Design and Construction”, CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, 1999

▪ R. Sacks, C. Eastman, G. Lee, P. Teicholz:


„BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling,“
John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2018.

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling
Computerorientierte Methoden CAD
Technische Universität München

Websites

▪ https://www.buildingsmart.org/
→ international website

▪ https://technical.buildingsmart.org/
→ specification, documentation, etc.

▪ www.buildingsmart.de
→ German website, research projects, etc.

▪ www.wbdg.org/bim/nbims.php
→ National BIM Standard USA

▪ …

Lehrstuhl für Bauinformatik


Building Information Modeling

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