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Updated Mathematics

The syllabus for the LPUNEST Exam for Ph.D. in Mathematics covers three main units: Analysis and Linear Algebra, Complex Analysis and Algebra, and Differential Equations and Numerical Analysis. Key topics include set theory, continuity, eigenvalues, analytic functions, group theory, ordinary and partial differential equations, and numerical methods. Additional subjects include calculus of variations, linear integral equations, and classical mechanics.

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12 views2 pages

Updated Mathematics

The syllabus for the LPUNEST Exam for Ph.D. in Mathematics covers three main units: Analysis and Linear Algebra, Complex Analysis and Algebra, and Differential Equations and Numerical Analysis. Key topics include set theory, continuity, eigenvalues, analytic functions, group theory, ordinary and partial differential equations, and numerical methods. Additional subjects include calculus of variations, linear integral equations, and classical mechanics.

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Syllabus for LPUNEST Exam for Ph.D.

(Mathematics)

UNIT – 1
Analysis:
Elementary set theory, finite, countable and uncountable sets, Real number system as a complete
ordered field, Archimedean property, supremum, infimum. Sequences and series, convergence, limsup,
liminf. Bolzano Weierstrass theorem, Heine Borel theorem. Continuity, uniform continuity,
differentiability, mean value theorem. Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence.
Riemann sums and Riemann integral, Improper Integrals. Monotonic functions, types of discontinuity,
functions of bounded variation, Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue integral. Functions of several variables,
directional derivative, partial derivative, and derivative as a linear transformation, inverse and implicit
function theorems. Metric spaces, compactness, connectedness. Normed linear Spaces. Spaces of
continuous functions as examples.
Linear Algebra:
Vector spaces, subspaces, linear dependence, basis, dimension, algebra of linear transformations.
Algebra of matrices, rank and determinant of matrices, linear equations. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors,
Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Matrix representation of linear transformations. Change of basis, canonical
forms, diagonal forms, triangular forms, Jordan forms. Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis.
Quadratic forms, reduction and classification of quadratic forms
UNIT – 2
Complex Analysis:
Algebra of complex numbers, the complex plane, polynomials, power series, transcendental functions
such as exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann
equations. Contour integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Liouville’s theorem,
Maximum modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, Open mapping theorem. Taylor series, Laurent series,
calculus of residues. Conformal mappings, Mobius transformations.
Algebra:
Permutations, combinations, pigeon-hole principle, inclusion-exclusion principle, derangements.
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, divisibility in Z, congruences, Chinese Remainder Theorem,
Euler’s Ø- function, primitive roots. Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups,
homomorphisms, cyclic groups, permutation groups, Cayley’s theorem, class equations, Sylow
theorems. Rings, ideals, prime and maximal ideals, quotient rings, unique factorization domain,
principal ideal domain, Euclidean domain. Polynomial rings and irreducibility criteria. Fields, finite
fields, field extensions, Galois Theory.
Topology: basis, dense sets, subspace and product topology, separation axioms, connectedness and
compactness.
UNIT – 3
Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs):
Existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems for first order ordinary differential
equations, singular solutions of first order ODEs, system of first order ODEs. General theory of
homogenous and non-homogeneous linear ODEs, variation of parameters, Sturm-Liouville boundary
value problem, Green’s function.
Partial Differential Equations (PDEs):
Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs, Cauchy problem for first order PDEs.
Classification of second order PDEs, General solution of higher order PDEs with constant coefficients,
Method of separation of variables for Laplace, Heat and Wave equations.
Numerical Analysis:
Numerical solutions of algebraic equations, Method of iteration and Newton-Raphson method, Rate of
convergence, Solution of systems of linear algebraic equations using Gauss elimination and Gauss-
Seidel methods, Finite differences, Lagrange, Hermite and spline interpolation, Numerical
differentiation and integration, Numerical solutions of ODEs using Picard, Euler, modified Euler and
Runge-Kutta methods.
Calculus of Variations:
Variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, Necessary and sufficient conditions for extrema.
Variational methods for boundary value problems in ordinary and partial differential equations.
Linear Integral Equations:
Linear integral equation of the first and second kind of Fredholm and Volterra type, Solutions with
separable kernels. Characteristic numbers and eigenfunctions, resolvent kernel.
Classical Mechanics:
Generalized coordinates, Lagrange’s equations, Hamilton’s canonical equations, Hamilton’s principle
and principle of least action, Two-dimensional motion of rigid bodies, Euler’s dynamical equations for
the motion of a rigid body about an axis, theory of small oscillations.

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