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SENIOR CHEMISTRY IMP QUESTIONS

SOLID STATE
Y.SAQ
1. What makes glass differen t from quartz ?
2. Define the term amorpho us.
3. What is schottky defect?
4. What is Frenkel defect?
5. What is interstit ial defect?
6. What are F - centers ?
7. What is doping ?
8. What is Tetrahed ral hole ?
9. What is octahedr al hole ?
10. Explain why Ionic solids are hard and brittle.
11. How many lattice points are there in one unit cell of body centred cubic lattice?
SAQS
1. Derive Bragg's equation
2. Describe the two main types of Semi conduct ors and contrast their conducti on
mechani sm
SOLUTIONS
YSAQ
1. What are isotonic solution s? Give example .
2. Define osmotic pressure .
3. What is Ebullios copic constan t ?
4. What is cryoscop ic constant ?
5. State Henry's law.
6. State Raoult's law and give its two limitatio ns
7. What is relative lowering of vapour pressure ?
8. Calculat e the mole fraction of H2S04 in a solution containg 98% H2S04 by mass.
9. What is an ideal solution ?
10. What is Osmasis ?
11. What is reverse Osmasis ?
SA.QS.
1. What is meant by positive deviatio n from Raoult's law and how is sign of Alln,i.r
related to positive deviatio n from Raoult's law?
2. What is ment by negative deviatio n from Raoult's law and how is the sign of AH.,;;,
related to negative deviatio n from Raoultl's law?
3. What is relative lowering of vapour pressure ? How is it useful to determin e the
molar mass of a solute ?
4. Vapour pressure of water at 293 K is 17.535 mm Hg. Calculate the vapour pressure
of the solution at 293 K when 25g of glucose is dissolve d in 450g water.
5. Calculat e the mass of a non - volatile solution (molar mass 40g moJ-1) which should
be dissolve d in 114 gm octane to reduce it's vapour pressure to 80%.
 ELECTRO CHEMISTRY
Y.5AQ
1. What is standard hydrogen electro de ,,·
2. What is galvanic cell (or) a voltaic cell? Give one example
3. What is metallic corrosion ? Give example.
4. What is cell constant of a conductivity cell ?
5. State Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions.
6. State Faraday's first law of electrolysis .
7. State faraday's second law of electrolysis.
8. What is a primary battery? Give one example. .
9. What is fuel cell? How is it different from conventional galvamc ce 11 ·

~ What are galvanic cells ? Explain the working of a galvanic cell with neat sketch
taking Daniel cell as example. .
2. Give the construction and working of a standard hydrogen electrode with a
neat
diagram.
3. State and explain Nernst equation with the help of a metallic electrode and
a
nonmetallic electrode.
4. State and explain Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions.
5. What is electrolysis? Give Faraday's first law of electrolysis.
1AQS
1. Give the applications of Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions.
CHEMICAL KINETICS
~
1. Define the speed or rate of a reaction.
2. What are units of rate ofreaction.
3. What is rate law? Illustrate with an example.
4. What are elementary reactions.
5. What are complex reactions? Name one complex reaction.
6. Give two examples for zero order reactions
7. Give two examples gaseous first order reaction.
8. What is the effect of temperature on the rate constant?
9. What are pseudo first order reacti.ons? Give one example.
SAQS
1. Define and explain the order of a reaction. How is it obtained experimentally
.
2. What is" molecularity" of a reaction ? How is it different from the "order"
of a
reaction? Name one bimolecular and one trimolecular gaseous reactions.
3. Derive the integrated rate equation for a zero order reaction.
4. Derive the Integrated rate equation for a first order reaction.
5. What is half-life (t .!._) of a reaction? Derive the equations for the 'half-life'
2 value of
zero and first order reactions.
6. What is Arrhenius equation? Derive an equation which describes the effect
of rise of
temperature (T) on the rate constant (k) of a reaction.
I
7. .
D1scuss t h e e ffect o f catalyst on the kineti cs of a chemical reacti· W1·th sui table
diagra m ? on
.l.AQS
1. Descr ibe the sali ent featur es of the collision theory of
reaction rate of bimol ecula r
reacti ons.
SURFACE CHEMISTRY
~
1. What is Tyndall effect ?
2. What is Br owni an move ment ?
3. What is Coagulation ?
4. What is Gold Numb er?
5. What is autoc atalys is? Give one examp les .
6. What is the gener al differ ence betwe en soap and deterg
ent chemically ?
7. What are micelles ? Give one example.
~
1. What are differ ent types of adsor ption ? Give any four
differ ences betwe en
chara cteris tics of the differ ent types.
2. What is Catal ysis? How is catalysis classi fied? Give two
examp les for each type of
catalysis.
3. How are colloids classified on the basis of intera ction
betwe en dispe rsed phase and
dispe rsion mediu m ?
4. Explain the forma tion of micelles with a neat sketch.
5. Name the dispe rsed phase and disper sion mediu m in
the following colloidal system s
i) fog ii) smok e iii) milk iv) cloud v) blood vi) gold sol.
6. What are micel les? Discuss the mech anism of micelle
forma tion and cleani ng action
of soap.
7. What are emuls ion? How are they classif ied? describe
the application of emulsion

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY

YSAQ
1. What is the differ ence betwe en a miner al and an ore?
2. Give the comp ositio n of the following alloys
a) Brass b) Bronz e c) Germ an silver.
3. Expla in the terms gangu e and slag.
4. Wh at is flux? Give an examp le.
5. Give two uses each of the following metal s.
a) Zinc b) coppe r c) Iron d) Aluminium
~
1. Expla in th e purifi cation of sulph ide ore by froth floata
tion metho d.
2. How is coppe r extrac ted from coppe r pyrite s?
3. Giving exam ples to differ entiat e roasti ng and calcinations
.
4. Outlin e th e principles of refini ng of metal s by the follow
ing m ethod s.
a) Zone refini ng b) Electr olytic refini ng c) Polling d) Vapou r phase refini
ng
5. Write down the chem ical reacti ons taking place in differ
ent zones in extrac tion of
iron.
 p BLOCK ELEMENTS

~ . . 1 d hosph orus as P• - why ?

1. Nitrog en exists as d1atom1c mole_cu e a n I~ o ic forms of phosp horus ?
2. What is allotro py? Explain the differe nt a otr p
3. What is inert pair effect ? . 7
4. PH 3 is a weake r base than NH3 exp lam •
5. NH 3 forms hydrog en bonds but PH3 does not - why? 1e 7·
6. Ammo nia is a good compl exing agent explai n with an examp

SAQS
1. How does pcls react with the follow ing?
c) CH3C00H d) Ag
a) water b) C2Hs0H
1A.Q.S
reacti on of
1. How is ammo nia manuf acture d by Haber 's proce ss? Explai n the
ammo nia with
a) Znso4 b) Cuso4 c) Agel
2. How is nitric acid manuf acture d by ostwal d's proce ss? How does it react with the
follow ing?
a) copper b)Zn c)Se 4)P4
GROUP-16
~
1. Why is H20 a liquid while H2S is a gas.
2. H20 is neutra l while H2S is acidic.
3. Write any two uses each for 03 and H2S04
4. What is tailing of mercu ry? How is it remov ed?
.sAQ.S
1. Describe the manuf acture of H2S04 by contac t proces s.
2. How is ozone prepar ed? How does it react with the follow ing?
a) Pbs b) KI c) Hg d) Ag.
1AQ.S
s.
1. - Explain in detail the manuf acture of sulphu ric acid by contac t proces
2. How is ozone prepar ed from oxyge n? Explain with
a) C2H4 b) Kl c) Hg d) Pbs
GROUP - 17 ELEMENTS
VSAQ
1. Which haloge n produc es 02 and 03 on passin g throug h water ?
2. Why are haloge ns colour ed ?
3. Write the reactio n of"F2" and "Clz" with water
n?
4. Electron gain enthal py offluo rine (F2) is less than that of C]z - explai
5. What happen s when Clz react with dry slaked line ?
6. What is Aqua Regia ? Write it's reactio n with gold and platinu m ?
SAQS
1. Explain the structu res of a) Br Fs b) IF1
te the definit ion
2. What are inter halogen compo unds ? Give some examp les to illustra
how are they classified.
1AQ.S
1. How is chlorine prepare d m · th e Ia b oratory ? How does it react with the following
a) Iron b) Hot and cone. NaOH c) Acidified FeSo 4 d) Iodine
2
e) H S f) Na2S203
2. How chlorine prepare d by electroly tic method ? Explain it's reaction with
a) NaoH b) NHJ under differen t conditio ns
3. Write the names and formula e of the oxoacid s of chlorine explain their structur es
and relative acidic nature.
GROUP-18
~
1. List out the uses of Neon ?
2. Write any two uses of argon ?
3. In modern diving apparatu s, a mixture of He & 02 is used - why?
4. How is Xeo3 prepare d?
5. Give the prepara tion of a) XeoF4 b) Xeo2F2
6. Explain the structur e ofXeo3?
7. Noble gases are inert. Explain ?
8. Write the name & formula of the first noble gas compou nd prepare d by Bartlett ?
SA.QS
1. How are XeF2 and XeF4 are prepare d? Give their structur es.
2. How are Xeo3 and XeoF4 prepare d?

d & f BLOCK ELEMENTS

YSAQ
1. What are transitio n element s ? Give example s
2. Write the electron ic configur ation of chromiu m (er) and copper (cu)
3. Scandiu m is a transitio n element , but zinc is not, why?
4. Why zn+ 2 is diamagn etic where as Mn+2 , is paramag netic?
5. Calculate the "spin only" magneti c moment of transitio n metal ions.
2
6. Aqeous Cu 2+ ions are blue in colour where as aqeous zn+ ions are colourless. Why?
7. What is an alloy? Give example s ?
8. What is Lanthan oid contract ion ?
9. What is misch - metal ? Give its composi tion and uses.
10. What is ligand ? Give example s ?
11. What is chelate ligand? Give example
12. 3
613. Cuso 4 5 H20 is blue in colour where as anhydro us CuS04 is colourle ss. Why?
SAQ.S
1. Write the characte ristic properti es of transitio n element s.
2. What is Lanthan oid contract ion ? What are the consequ ences of Lanthan oid
contract ion
3. Explain werner' s Theory of coordin ation compou nds with suitable example s.
4. Using IUPAC norms write the formula s for the following
i) Tetrahy droxy zincate (II) ii) Hexaam minecob alt (Ill) sulphate
iii) Potassiu m tetrachl oro palladat e (II) iv) Potassiu m tri(oxala te) chromat e (III)
5. Using IUPAC norms write the systema tic names of the following
 iii) [n (H P tr an d iv) [N iC l.]
2
-
6. Explain geo me tric al iso me
ris m in co ord ina tio n co mp
exa mp les . ou nd s giv ing sui tab le
7. Wh at are ho mo lep tic an d
he ter ole pti c co mp lex es?
Give on e ex am ple for eac
POLYME h.
YSAQ. RS
1. Wh at is zei gle r - Na tta cat
aly st?
2. wh at is POI (po ly Di spe rsi
ty ind ex) ?
3. Wh at is bio deg rad abl e po
lym er? Give on e exa mp le
4. Wh at is PHBV? How it is use of a bio de gra da ble .
ful to ma n?
S. Wh at are ela sto me rs? Giv
e exa mp le
6. Wh at are the mo no me rs pre
sen t in the Nylon 2 - Nylon
7. Wh at is po lym eri zat ion ? Giv 6?
e an exa mp le of po lym eri zat
8. Wh at are po lym ers ? Give ion rea cti on
exa mp le ?
SAQS
1. Wr ite the na me s an d str uc
tur e of the mo no me rs of the
i) Bu na - S ii) Bu na - N following po lym ers .
2. iii) Da cro n iv) Ne op ren e
Wh at are LOPE and HOPE
? How are the y for me d
3. Explain the classification of
po lym ers ba sed on the ir sou
4. Wh at are add itio n po lym eri rce s an d str uc tur e
zat ion an d con den sat ion po
S. Explain the pu rpo se ofv alc lym eri zat ion
ani sat ion of rub be r
YSAQ BIOMOLECULES
1. Wh at are red uci ng sug ars
an d no n red uci ng sug ars ?
2. Wh at are am ino aci ds? Giv Give on e exa mp le for eac h.
e tw o examples.
3. Wh at are ess ent ial an d No
n ess ent ial am ino aci ds? Giv
4. Wh at is zw itte r ion ? Give e on e exa mp les .
an example.
5. Wh at are nucleic aci ds? Me
nti on the ir tw o im po rta nt
6. Wh at are pro tei ns ? Give exa functions.
mp le.
7. Wh at are an om ers ?
SAQS
1. Give the sou rce s of the fol
lowing vit am ins an d na me the dis eas es cau sed by
deficiency the ir
a)A b)D c)E
z. Wr ite a bri ef no te on the str d)K
uc tur e of glucose.
e)v ita mi nB
3. Explain de na tur ati on of pro
tei ns.
4. Wh at are ho rm on es? Give
on e exa mp le for each.
5. Wr ite no tes on vit am ins .
6. Wr ite the im po rta nce of car
bo hy dra tes .
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIF
E
~
1. W ha t are an tac ids ? Give
exa mp le .
2. What are antib iotics ? Give exa mples.
3. Wh at ar e antisep tics ? Give examples.
4. What are artificia l sw eetenin g agen ts ? Give example.
5. What are fo od p reserva tives ? Give exampl e
6. What are anti ferti lity drugs ? Give example.
7. What is alloster i c site ?
8. What are narcoti c & non narcoti c drugs give exampl es.

SAQS
1. What are analges ics ? How ar e they classified. Give exampl es.
2. What are biodegr adabl e and non-bio degrad ab le deterge n ts?
HALOALKANES & HALOARENES
YSAQ
1. What are Ambide nt Nudeop hiles ?
2. What ar e enantio mers?
3. Explain fitting reactio n ? with an exampl e.
4. Explain the wurtz ? Fittig reaction .
5. What is wurtz r eaction ? Write an exampl e
6. Vvhich one of the followi ng has highest dipole momen t ?
i) CH2Ch ii) CHCb iii) CCl4
7. What are enantio mers ?
8. What is swarts reactio n ?
SA.US identify the
1. Predict the aJkenes that would be fanned in the followi ng reactio ns and
major alkene.

0 ?
i) ()CU, ::' 1
ii) 2 - chloro - 2 -methy l butane --~--•-:-~
•

2. How will you carry out the followi ng conver sions?

i) Ethane to Bromoe thene ii) Toluen e to benzyl alcohol
2
n with
3. Explain the mechan ism of Nudeop hilic bimole cular substit ution SN reactio
one exampl e.
reactio n with
4. Explain the mechan ism of Nucleop hilic uni molecu lar substitu tion SN'
one exampl e.
5. Write the mechan ism of dehydr o haJogen ations of 2 - bromo butane ?
6. Define the followin g
i) Racemi c mixture ii) Retenti on of configu ration iii) Enantio mers
ORGANIC COMPOUND CONTAINSING C H O
VSAQ
& cumen e
1. Give the reagent s used for the pr eparati on of phenol from chlorob enzene
and benzen e
2. Write the equatio ns for the followi ng reactio ns
i) Brom inati on of phenol to 2,4,6 tribrom o phenol
ii) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid
 3. Write the reaction showing a - halogenations of carboxylic acid and give it's name
(or) Explain HvZ reaction.
SAQS
1. Explain the acidic nature of phenols and compare with that of alcohols
2. Write the mechanism of hydration of ethane to yield ethanol.
3. Write the products formed by the reduction and oxidation of phenol.
4. Ethanol with H2S04 at 443 k forms ethene whole at 413 kit forms ethoxy ethane.
Explain the mechanism.
5. With a suitable example write equations for the following
i) Kolbe's reaction ii) Reimer - Tiemann reaction
iii) William sons ether synthesis
6. Write equations of the below given reactions
i) Alkylation of anisole ii) Nitration of anisole
iii) Friedel - crafts acetylation of anisole

ALDEHYDES. KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

~
1. Compare the acidic strength of acetic acid, chloroacetic acid, benzoic and phenol .
.sA.QS
1. Write the equations of any aldehyde with Fehlings reagent.
2. What is Tollen's reagent? Explain its reaction with Aldehydes.
., 3. Write the mecha.n ism of esterification .
4. Describe the following
i) Cross aldol condensation ii) Decarboxylation
iii) aldol condensation. Iv) Cannizzaro reaction
5. Explain the following name reactions.
i) Sandmeyer reaction ii) Gattermann reaction iii) Carbylamine reaction
LAQS
1. Explain in the following name reactions.
i) Rosenmund's reaction ii) Cross aldol condensation
iii) Cannizzaro reaction iv) Clemmensen reduction
v) Wolff kishner reduction vi) HVZ reaction .
vii) Swarts reaction vii) Gattermann koch reaction