Syllabus 3rd Sem
Syllabus 3rd Sem
Semester III
Hours
Course
S.No Course Title L T P S Per Credits
Code
Week
1 MEC204C Machine Drawing and Solid Modelling 1 0 4 0 5 3
2 MEC206C Engineering Thermodynamics 3 0 0 0 3 3
3 MEC207C Manufacturing Processes I 3 0 0 0 3 3
4 MEC208C Mechanics of Deformable Solids 3 1 0 0 4 4
5 MEC209C Complex Variables and Laplace Transform 3 0 0 0 3 3
6 MEC212C Practicals on Subtractive Manufacturing 0 0 2 0 2 1
7 MEC213C Experiments on Deformable Solids 0 0 2 0 2 1
1
8 MEC214A Bridge Course on Mathematics 2 0 0 0 2 0
Notes:
1
Mandatory for lateral entry students only.
Students must undergo a practical Training/Internship for duration of four weeks during vacations.
Page 3 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
● Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, a student will be able to:
1. Comprehend basic production and assembly drawings.
2. Create assembly drawing of machine components from part drawing.
3. Use drawing display tools, sketching tools, geometric relations and dimension the sketch in
CAD software.
4. Create base features like extrude, revolve etc. for a solid model.
5. Use advanced modelling tools in creating solid models.
● Module I
Introduction to Machine Drawing: Production drawing, assembly drawing. Review of drawing in
first angle and third angle projection. Orthographic projections of machine blocks, sectional views.
Code of practice for Engineering Drawing, BIS specifications – Welding symbols, riveted joints,
keys, fasteners. Reference to handbook for the selection of standard components like bolts, nuts,
screws, keys etc.
● Module II
Assembly Drawing: Half and Full sectional views, Fasteners & Fixtures: Nut and bolt assembly,
Riveted joints, Knuckle joint, Oldham’s coupling, Footstep bearing, Plummer block, Screw Jack,
Tailstock.
● Module III
Introduction to Solid Modelling Sketching: Basic sketching, sketching planes, sketching tools;
lines arcs, circle, rectangle, polygon etc, sketching environment, various terms used in the sketching
environment, sketching planes, drawing display tools, geometric relations, dimension the sketch,
editing/modifying sketching, concept of fully defined sketches, patterns.
● Module IV
Base Features: Solid base extrude, thin base extrude, solid base revolve, displaying the model,
applying material to the model, changing the appearance of models.
● Module V
Advance Modelling Tools: create holes, fillet, chamfer, sweep, loft, introduction to assembly
module, introduction to drawing module. Various sub-components/parts of machine elements, to be
developed on SolidWorks, Autodesk Inventor.
● Text Books:
1. SOLIDWORKS: A Power Guide for Beginners and Intermediate Users by CADArtifex
2. K. L. Narayana, P. Kannaiah and K. Venkata Reddy, Machine Drawing, New Age
International
●
Page 4 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
● Reference Books:
1. A. Reyes, Beginner’s Guide to SOLIDWORKS: Level 1 by MSME, CSWE.
2. D. T. Banach, Autodesk Inventor 2024 Essentials Plus, SDC Publications
3. N. D. Junnarkar, Machine Drawing, Pearson Education India.
● Online Resources:
1. Computer Aided Engineering Design by Dr. Anupam Saxena (IIT Kanpur), NPTEL Course
(https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112104031).
2. Engineering Drawing and Computer Graphics by Prof. Rajaram Lakkaraju (IIT Kharagpur),
NPTEL Course (https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/112/105/112105294/).
Page 5 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
●
MEC206C Engineering Thermodynamics 3-0-0-0
● Course Objectives: This course will enable students to:
1. Understand the fundamentals of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics.
2. Understand the application of the laws of thermodynamics.
3. Understand various properties of fluids.
4. Understand the application of laws of hydrostatics to different scenarios.
● Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, a student will be able to:
1. Comprehend the property diagrams of pure substances.
2. Apply the first law of thermodynamics to open and closed systems.
3. Analyse the problems on heat engines, refrigerators and entropy using the second law of
thermodynamics.
4. Explain the different fluid properties and laws governing them.
5. Compute hydrostatic pressure on different surfaces.
● Module I
Introduction: Historical development, microscopic and macroscopic views of matter, Continuum,
macroscopic approach, thermodynamic system (closed and open or control volume);
thermodynamic properties and equilibrium; state of a system, state diagram, path and process;
different modes of work; Zeroth law of thermodynamics; concept of temperature; heat.
● Module I
Pure Substance: Thermodynamic properties of pure substances in solid, liquid and vapour phases,
P-V-T behaviour of simple compressible substances, phase rule, thermodynamic property tables and
charts, ideal and real gases, equations of state, compressibility chart.
● Module III
Concept of Energy: Mechanical concept of energy, internal energy, conservation of energy, energy
transfer as work, various modes, energy transfer as heat, First law for closed system, first law for
cyclic processes,. Applications of first law for cycles. Enthalpy, Enthalpy of ideal gases, First law for
open systems and applications.
● Module IV
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Statement and applications of second law, thermodynamic
reservoirs and their equivalence, reversible cycle, Carnot cycle, efficiencies of reversible cycle,
Carnot’s theorem, reversed Carnot cycle and coefficient of performance. Thermodynamic
temperature scale. Clausius’ theorem, concept of entropy, principle of increase of entropy and its
applications, basic concepts of available and unavailable energy. T-ds relations, Maxwell equations,
Joule-Thomson coefficient, coefficient of volume expansion, adiabatic and isothermal
compressibilities, Clapeyron equation.
● Module V
Heat and Work Transfer: Calculations involving heat transfer, work transfer and change in
thermodynamic properties with various processes, internal energy, enthalpy, specific heat and
entropy of an ideal gas mixture, air water vapour mixture. Complete and incomplete combustion
analysis, heating value of fuels, A/F Ratios, analysis of products of combustion, Orsat apparatus.
Page 6 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
● Pre-requisites: NA
● Text Books:
1. Y. A. Cengel, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, McGraw Hill Education (India).
● Reference Books:
1. M. J. Moran and Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, John Wiley &
Sons.
2. R. E. Sonntag , C. Borgnakke and G. J. Van Wylen , Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, John
Wiley & Sons.
3. K. Wark , Thermodynamics, McGraw Hill Education (India). 4. Nag P. K., Engineering
Thermodynamics, McGraw Hill Education (India).
● Online Resources:
1. Engineering Thermodynamics by Prof. D.P. Mishra (IIT Kanpur), NPTEL Course
(https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc20_ae09/preview).
Page 7 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
●
MEC207C Manufacturing Processes I 3-0-0-0
● Course Objectives: This course will enable students to:
1. Create awareness on the basic concepts of machining processes.
2. Get an insight on conventional and non-conventional machining principles and operations.
3. Impart knowledge about the significance of controlling process parameters for the optimal
performance for newly developed engineering materials used in industries and research
organisations.
● Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, a student will be able to:
1. Explain the mechanism of chip formation in machining processes.
2. Explain various machining processes such as turning, drilling, boring, shaping, slotting,
milling and grinding.
3. Define the principle of gear generation by traditional and advanced machining processes.
4. Identify and suggest finishing and super finishing operations for particular applications.
5. Comprehend the mechanism of non-traditional machining processes such as EDM, ECM,
USM, AJM etc.
● Module I
Introduction to Manufacturing: Manufacturing needs and Concepts, broad classification of
engineering manufacturing processes. Introduction to Machining: Purpose, Principle and Definition.
Mechanics of metal cutting - cutting tool materials, temperature, wear, geometry and chip formation,
Force and tool life calculations, surface finish and machinability.
● Module II
● General Purpose Machine Tools: Lathe and its types - Constructional details including accessories
and attachments, operations, types of lathe, CNC Lathe., Constructional and operational details of
Shaping - Planing - Slotting – Drilling - Boring – Reaming – Tapping – Broaching.
● Module III
● Milling Machine and Gear Generation: Cutters - Milling operations - Indexing. Gear generating
principles - Gear Hobber - Gear finishing methods - Bevel gear generator, CNC Milling machine.
● Module IV
● Grinding and Finishing Processes: Operations and applications of surface, cylindrical and
centreless grinding processes, dressing, truing and balancing of grinding wheels, grading and
selection of grinding wheels, micro-finishing (honing, lapping, super-finishing).
● Module V
● Advanced Machining Processes/Non- Conventional Machining Processes: EDM, ECM,
ECG, CM, AJM, Wire cut EDM, USM, LBM process principle, process parameters and their
applications. Process capabilities and their applications
Page 8 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
● Text Books:
1. A. Ghosh and A.K. Mallick, Manufacturing Science, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd.
2010.
2. S. Kalpakjian and S. R. Schmid, Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 6th Edition
2013, Publisher: Prentice Hall.
3. R. K. Rajput, A Textbook of Manufacturing Technology, Laxmi publications, New Delhi,
2019.
● Reference Books:
1. P. N. Rao, Manufacturing Technology Volume-II, McGraw Hill Education, New Delhi, 2013.
2. P. C. Pandey and H. S. Shan, Modern Machining Processes, McGraw Hill Education, 2017.
3. E. P. DeGarmo, J. T. Black, R. A. Kohser, Materials and Processes in Manufacturing, 9th
Edition, 2003, Wiley.
4. W. A. Knight and G. Boothroyd, Fundamentals of Metal Machining and Machine Tools, 3rd
Edition, 2005, CRC Press.
● Online Resources:
1. Manufacturing processes by A.B Chattopadhyay (IIT Kharagpur), NPTEL Course
(https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/112/105/112105126/).
Page 9 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
●
MEC208C Mechanics of Deformable Solids 3-1-0-0
● Course Objectives: This course will enable students to:
1. Utilise concepts of stress and strain.
2. Analyse bending and shear stresses in structural members.
3. Utilise concepts to design columns and cylinders.
● Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, a student will be able to:
1. Explain concepts of stress and strain.
2. Analyse bending and shear stresses developed in beams.
3. Compute shear stresses developed in shafts.
4. Evaluate the slope and deflection in beams.
5. Design and analyse columns and pressure vessels.
● Module I
Concept of Stress and Strain: Concept of stress and strain, Hooke’s law, Tensile, compressive and
shear stresses, Poisson's ratio, Stress-strain diagram, Elastic constants and their relationships,
Volumetric strain, Bars of uniform and varying sections subjected to single and multiple loads,
Analysis of bars of composite sections, Concept of thermal stress, Principal plane and principal
stress, Transformation of plane stress, Mohr’s circle.
● Module II
Mechanics of Beams: Shear force, bending moment diagram for cantilever, simply supported,
overhanging beam due to point load, uniformly distributed load and uniformly varying load, Theory
of pure bending, Bending stress in beams of regular sections, I-section, T-section, Derivation of
shear stress distribution in beams of simple sections, Shear stress distribution in beams having I and
T sections, shear center and shear flow.
● Module III
Deflection of Beams: Relation between deflection, slope, radius of curvature, shear force, bending
moment, Slope and deflection of cantilever, and simply supported beams subjected to point load
and uniformly distributed load using double integration method, Macaulay's method, and
moment-area method, Slope and deflection of propped cantilever and continuous beams using
double integration method, Macaulay's method, and moment-area method.
● Module IV
Theory of Pure Torsion: Shear stress in terms of torque in a circular shaft, Strength, Stiffness,
Torsional rigidity and power transmitted, Torque expression for solid and hollow circular shafts
subjected to torsion, Shafts of varying sections subjected to single and multiple torques, Circular
shafts in series and parallel, Solid and hollow circular shafts subjected to combined bending and
torsion, Composite solid and hollow circular shafts.
● Module V
Columns and Pressure Vessels: Members subjected to combined bending and axial loads,
Expression for crippling load with different end conditions based on Euler’s and Rankine’s theories,
column subjected to eccentric load. Thin cylindrical and spherical shells subjected to internal
pressure, Change in dimensions of thin cylindrical and spherical shells due to internal pressure,
Lame’s theory on stresses in thick cylinders.
Page 10 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
● Text Books:
1. I. H. Shames, J. M. Pitarresi, Introduction to Solid Mechanics, Prentice Hall India, 3rd
Edition, 2000.
2. S. Timoshenko, Strength of Materials, Part 1: Elementary Theory and Problems, CBS, 3rd
Edition, 2021.
3. S. Timoshenko, Strength of Materials, Part 2: Advanced Theory and Problems, CBS, 3rd
Edition, 2021.
● Reference Books:
1. F. P. Beer, E. R. Johnston, J. T. DeWolf, D. F. Mazurek, Mechanics of Materials, McGraw
Hill, 7th Edition, 2014.
2. R. C. Hibbeler, Mechanics of Materials, Pearson, 9th Edition, 2013.
3. E. P. Popov, Mechanics of Materials, Pearson Education India, 2nd Edition, 2015.
● Online Resources:
1. Mechanics of Solids by Dr. Priyanka Ghosh (IIT Kanpur), NPTEL Course
(https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105104160).
Page 11 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
●
MEC209C Complex Variables and Laplace Transform 3-0-0-0
● Course Objectives: This course will enable students to:
1. Demonstrate ability to apply integral calculus techniques, including definite and indefinite
integration, in various engineering applications.
2. Have a deep understanding of the theory and principles of Fourier analysis, including Fourier
series and Fourier transforms.
3. Apply Fourier analysis techniques to solve real-world problems in engineering
4. Grasp of the theory and properties of Laplace transforms, including the Laplace domain and
inverse Laplace transforms
5. Utilise Laplace transforms to solve engineering problems involving dynamic systems.
● Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, a student will be able to:
1. Develop a strong foundation in integral calculus, including the ability to perform various
types of integrations and apply them to solve engineering problems.
2. Gain a comprehensive understanding of the theory and principles of Fourier analysis.
3. Achieve proficiency in Laplace transforms, understanding their properties and applications.
4. Apply integral calculus, Fourier analysis, and Laplace transforms to analyze and solve
engineering problems.
5. Develop the ability to recognize opportunities to apply integral calculus, Fourier analysis, and
Laplace transforms in interdisciplinary engineering contexts.
● Module I
Laplace transform: shifting theorem, Laplace transforms of derivatives and integrals, Heaviside's
unit function. Dirac Delta function and its Laplace transforms. Laplace transforms of periodic
functions, Heaviside’s expansion theorem.
● Module II
Inverse Laplace transforms: initial and final value theorems. Convolution theorem and its
applications, use of Laplace transforms in the solution of linear differential equations.
● Module III
Complex analysis: Complex variables, analytic functions, Cauchy Riemann equations. Complex
integration, Cauchy's fundamental theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, Cauchy's inequality and
Liouville's theorem on integral function.
● Module IV
Expansions and Series in calculus: Taylor’s & Laurent’s expansions, Zeros & poles of analytic
functions, Residues. Fourier series, Harmonic analysis.
● Module V
Fourier transform: Fourier sine and cosine transform. Fourier integral formula and its applications
to the solution of boundary value problems.
● Pre-requisites: NA
● Text Books:
1. E. B Saff., and A. D Snider., Fundamentals of Complex Analysis for Mathematics, Science,
and Engineering, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi.
Page 12 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
● Online Resources:
1. Engineering Mathematics II by Prof. Jitendra Kumar (IIT Kharagpur) NPTEL Course
(https://nptel.ac.in/courses/111105134).
Page 13 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
●
MEC212C Practicals on Subtractive Manufacturing 0-0-2-0
● Course Objectives: This course will enable students to:
1. Acquire the knowledge of process parameters during metal cutting operations.
2. Identify and use specific machine tools.
● Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, a student will be able to:
1. Identify cutting parameters and various types of cutting tools.
2. Employ various machine tools: conventional and CNC equipment.
3. Develop and measure the dimensions of a component according to the measurement
standards.
● List of Practicals:
1. Study of Machine Tools (Lathe, Shaper, Slotter, and Planner) – study the types of cutting
tools available and relative motions between cutting tool and workpiece on each machine
tool.
2. Prepare a single point cutting tool from wood/foam as per given specifications (to check the
tool angles).
3. Prepare a job from a mild steel/aluminium rod on a conventional Lathe machine.
4. Prepare a job from a mild steel/aluminium rod on a CNC Lathe.
5. Machining a keyway by using a slotting machine.
6. Machining a V-block by using a shaper.
7. Job making on drilling machine
8. Gear cutting using milling machines.
9. Prepare and check the dimensions of the sample by Surface Grinding.
10. Prepare a part from a mild steel billet on a VMC.
11. Grinding of single point cutting tool as per given specifications (to check the tool angles) in a
Tool and Cutter Grinder.
● Text Books:
1. H. Choudhury, Elements of Workshop Technology Vol 1 & 2, Media Promoters &
Publishers, 1971.
● Reference Books:
1. Z. Huda, Machining Processes and Machines Fundamentals, Analysis, and Calculations,
2020.
● Online Resources:
1. Virtual Lab on Manufacturing processes (Virtual Lab on Manufacturing Processes
(iitkgp.ac.in))
2. Lab Manual by IIT Kanpur (TA202A-Lab manual_updated.pdf (iitk.ac.in)
Page 14 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
●
MEC213C Experiments on Deformable Solids 0-0-2-0
● Course Objectives: This course will enable students to:
1. Identify the procedures for conducting various destructive tests.
2. Understand the concept of hardness.
3. Utilise mechanical properties of various materials under different loading.
● Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, a student will be able to:
1. Understand the procedures for conducting tensile, compressive and impact tests.
2. Identify the procedures to measure the hardness of materials.
3. Determine the Young's modulus using tensile test on rods.
4. Compare the fatigue behaviour of a notched and unnotched specimen.
5. Identify the aspects of testing the strength of various materials under different loading
conditions.
● List of Practicals:
1. To determine the mechanical properties of mild steel and cast iron specimens under tension
load.
2. To determine the mechanical properties of mild steel and cast iron specimens under
compression load.
3. To determine the ultimate shear strength in double shear of mild steel rod.
4. To find the impact strength of mild steel and cast iron using Izod and Charpy tests.
5. To determine the mechanical properties of mild steel specimens under torsion.
6. To determine the flexural properties of mild steel specimens subjected to gradual increasing
loads.
7. To determine the pressure inside thin walled cylinders using strain gauge.
8. To determine the fatigue properties of different materials under notched and un-notched
conditions.
9. To determine the hardness of various metallic materials using Rockwell and Brinell and
Vickers hardness tests.
10. To determine the critical load for columns undergoing buckling for various end conditions.
● Pre-requisites: NA
● Text Books:
1. A. A. Jayakumar, Strength of Materials Lab Manual, Notion Press, 2020.
● Reference Books:
1. F. P. Beer, E. R. Johnston, J. T. DeWolf and D. F. Mazurek, Mechanics of Materials, McGraw
Hill, 7th Edition, 2014.
2. S. M. A. Kazimi, Solid Mechanics, McGraw Hill Education, 2nd Edition, 2017.
● Online Resources:
1. Strength of Materials Lab, Virtual Labs at NIT Surathkal (https://sm-nitk.vlabs.ac.in/)
Page 15 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
●
MEC214A Bridge Course on Mathematics 2-0-0-0
● Course Objectives: This course aims to provide students with a strong foundation in fundamental
mathematical concepts, encompassing topics such as Basic Coordinate Geometry,
Matrices/Determinants, Differential Calculus, Integration, and Differential Equations. By the
course's conclusion, students will be proficient in applying these principles to solve real-world
problems, enhancing their analytical and problem-solving abilities.
● Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, a student will be able to:
1. Acquire fundamental knowledge and comprehension of key geometric principles and matrix
operations, forming a solid foundation for subsequent learning.
2. Demonstrate their ability to apply derivative and integral concepts to real-world situations,
fostering analytical thinking and the capacity to dissect complex problems.
3. Evaluate and synthesise solutions, employing diverse methods to solve differential equations
of varying orders, thereby developing advanced problem-solving skills.
4. Follow a progressive trajectory, guiding from foundational knowledge and comprehension to
practical application, critical analysis, and creative synthesis, empowering them to tackle
progressively intricate mathematical challenges.
5. Master a comprehensive array of mathematical skills, encompassing topics such as lines,
matrices, calculus, integration, and differential equations, demonstrating proficiency across a
spectrum
● Module I
Basic Coordinate Geometry: Straight Line: Equations, direction ratios and direction cosines, angle
between two lines, distance of a point from a line. Plane : General form, intercept and normal form,
Condition of coplanarity of two lines, equation of a plane passing through the intersection of two
planes, angle between two intersecting planes.
● Module II
Matrices and Determinants: Types of Matrices, Operations on Matrices, Determinants and
Cofactors, Inverse of a Square Matrix, Rank of Matrix, Elementary row/column operations, System
of Linear Equations.
● Module III
Differential Calculus: Derivatives: definition and basic rules: Average vs. instantaneous rate of
change, Estimating derivatives, Differentiability, Power rule, Derivatives of trigonometric functions,
Product and Quotient rules, chain rule Implicit differentiation, Differentiating inverse functions,
Second derivatives, Logarithmic differentiation. Applications of Differential Calculus: Straight-line
motion. Approximation with local linearity, L’Hôpital’s rule. Analysing functions. Mean value
theorem, Extreme value theorem and critical points.
● Module IV
Integration: Integrals as accumulations of change, Approximation with Riemann sums, Summation
notation review, Riemann sums in summation notation, Defining integrals with Riemann sums,
Fundamental theorem of calculus and accumulation functions, Definite integral, Properties of
definite integrals, Reverse power rule, Indefinite integrals of common functions, Definite integrals of
common functions, Integrating using different methods.
●
Page 16 of 17
Course Syllabi for B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Semester III) Batch 2023 Onwards
● Module V
Differential Equations: First order differential equations - Variable separable, homogeneous,
linear, exact differential equation - Integrating factors - Existence and uniqueness of solution,
General solutions of second order differential equation - Homogeneous and non-homogeneous
differential equations with constant coefficients - Method of variation of parameters - Method of
undetermined coefficients, higher order differential equations with constant coefficients.
● Pre-requisites: NA
● Text Books:
1. James Stewart, Essential Calculus: Early Transcendentals, Cengage Learning.
2. Hall and Knight, HigherAlgebra, S.Chand & Co. Ltd.
3. S. L. Loney, Coordinate Geometry, Arihant Publications.
● Reference Books:
1. Fred Safier and Agnes A. Herzberg, Schaum's Outline of Precalculus, McGraw-Hill
Education
2. Frank Ayres Jr. and Elliott Mendelson, Schaum's Outline of Calculus, McGraw-Hill
Education.
3. John H. Hubbard and Barbara Burke Hubbard, Vector Calculus, Linear Algebra, and
Differential Forms: A Unified Approach, Pearson
4. Morris Kline, Calculus: An Intuitive and Physical Approach, Dover Publications.
5. Dennis G. Zill, A First Course in Differential Equations with Modeling Applications,
Cengage Learning.
● Online Resources: NA
Page 17 of 17