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C++ Shortcut Key

The bits/stdc++.h header is a GCC-specific precompiled header that includes nearly all standard C++ headers, providing access to various built-in functions and algorithms. It covers math, algorithm, string functions, STL utilities, numeric functions, and random number generation, with examples for each. However, it is not part of the official C++ standard and may not be compatible with all compilers, so for portable code, specific headers should be included instead.

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4 views3 pages

C++ Shortcut Key

The bits/stdc++.h header is a GCC-specific precompiled header that includes nearly all standard C++ headers, providing access to various built-in functions and algorithms. It covers math, algorithm, string functions, STL utilities, numeric functions, and random number generation, with examples for each. However, it is not part of the official C++ standard and may not be compatible with all compilers, so for portable code, specific headers should be included instead.

Uploaded by

aditya.b.tanmoy2023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The bits/stdc++.

h header is a GCC-specific precompiled header that includes almost all standard


C++ headers. It provides access to many built-in functions and algorithms from the C++ Standard
Library.
Here is a list of commonly used built-in functions available under bits/stdc++.h:

1. Math Functions (cmath)

Function Description Example

abs(x) Absolute value abs(-5) → 5

sqrt(x) Square root sqrt(25) → 5

pow(x, y) Power function (x^y) pow(2, 3) → 8

ceil(x) Round up to nearest integer ceil(4.2) → 5

floor(x) Round down to nearest integer floor(4.9) → 4

round(x) Round to nearest integer round(4.5) → 5

log(x) Natural logarithm (ln x) log(10) → 2.302

log10(x) Log base 10 log10(100) → 2

sin(x), cos(x), tan(x) Trigonometric functions sin(90) (in radians)

2. Algorithm Functions (algorithm)

Function Description Example

min(a, b) Returns the smaller of a and b min(10, 20) → 10

max(a, b) Returns the larger of a and b max(10, 20) → 20

swap(a, b) Swaps two values swap(x, y)

sort(begin, end) Sorts a range sort(arr, arr+n)

reverse(vec.begin(),
reverse(begin, end) Reverses a range
vec.end())
Function Description Example

next_permutation(begin, Generates the next lexicographic


end) permutation

prev_permutation(begin,
Generates the previous permutation
end)

binary_search(begin, end, x) Checks if x exists in sorted range

lower_bound(begin, end, x) First position >= x in sorted array

upper_bound(begin, end, x) First position > x in sorted array

3. String Functions (string)

Function Description Example

s.length() Returns string length string s = "hello"; s.length() → 5

s.substr(pos, len) Extracts substring s.substr(1, 3) → "ell"

s.find(str) Finds substring position s.find("lo") → 3

s.append(str) Appends string s.append(" world") → "hello world"

s.erase(pos, len) Erases part of string s.erase(1, 2) → "ho"

s.insert(pos, str) Inserts string at position s.insert(2, "xx") → "hexxllo"

s.replace(pos, len, str) Replaces part of string s.replace(1, 2, "yy") → "hyylo"

s.compare(str) Compares strings lexicographically

4. STL (Standard Template Library) Utilities

Function Description Example

pair<int, int> p; Pair of values p = make_pair(10, 20);

vector<int> v; Dynamic array v.push_back(10);

map<int, int> mp; Key-value dictionary mp[1] = 100;


Function Description Example

set<int> s; Stores unique values s.insert(5);

priority_queue<int> pq; Max heap pq.push(10);

queue<int> q; FIFO queue q.push(1); q.pop();

5. Numeric Functions (numeric) (C++17 and later)

Function Description Example

std::gcd(a, b) Computes GCD std::gcd(10, 20) → 10

std::lcm(a, b) Computes LCM std::lcm(10, 20) → 20

accumulate(begin, end, init) Sum of elements in a range

6. Random Number Generation (cstdlib and random)

Function Description Example

rand() Generates a random number rand() % 100 (0 to 99)

srand(time(0)) Seeds random generator

Conclusion

The bits/stdc++.h header includes all these standard functions but is not part of the official C++ standard.
It is GCC-specific and may not work in all compilers like MSVC. If you want portable code, include specific
headers instead (e.g., <algorithm>, <cmath>, <string>).

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