Can you please help me understand in which situations do we go for error end and Escalation End ?

the only difference that I can see is the message status which is failed/escalaed.Apart from this, whats
the purpose of both and have you come across real situations needing to use them separately? Please
share your thoughts

In case of error end the error reason is not sent back to source the message just fails in CPI.Whereas in
case of escalation end event , the error reason is sent back to source and the message goes to
escalated status in cpi

You can use an End Message event to wrap the exception in a fault message and send it back to the
sender in the payload. You can use an Error End event to throw the exception to default exception
handlers.

You can use an End Message event to wrap the exception in a fault message and send it back to the
sender in the payload. You can use an Error End event to throw the exception to default exception
handlers.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Error End

Definition: The Error End event is used to terminate the integration flow in case of an error. When an
error occurs during the execution of the integration flow (such as a communication failure, validation
failure, etc.), the Error End event ensures that the process ends immediately and in an error state.

Purpose:

 It is used to signal that an error has occurred, and no further processing is possible.
 It does not involve any further intervention, escalation, or manual review.
 The system will typically log the error and, depending on the configuration, will alert the
monitoring system or send an email notification to administrators or users.

Use Case:

 Immediate Error Termination: When an integration flow encounters a failure (like a missing file
or a failed API call), and the system cannot continue processing, an Error End is used to
terminate the flow and report the issue.

Real-Time Scenario:

 Imagine a scenario where you are integrating data between two systems, and the target system
is unreachable due to network issues. The integration flow will trigger the Error End event to
stop further execution and log the error for troubleshooting.

2. Escalated End
Definition: The Escalated End event is used to handle errors in a way that goes beyond simply logging
the error or terminating the process. When an error occurs that needs special attention or needs to be
escalated to higher-level stakeholders (such as a support team, a system administrator, or other
responsible personnel), the Escalated End event comes into play.

Purpose:

 It signals that an error has occurred but requires further action or intervention from a higher
authority.
 It’s used for situations where the system should not just log the error, but also escalate the
issue for review, typically by sending notifications or creating incidents/tickets for resolution.

Use Case:

 Error Escalation: This event is useful when the error represents a serious or critical issue that
could impact business operations. Instead of just logging the error, the issue should be escalated
to ensure that it is promptly addressed by the relevant personnel.

Real-Time Scenario:

 Suppose you are integrating an order processing system, and a payment failure occurs due to a
configuration issue. After the system retries the transaction a few times, the error is escalated.
An Escalated End event is triggered, which could automatically open an incident ticket or send
an alert to the operations team to fix the issue, preventing further processing from happening
until the issue is resolved.

End Message :

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In SAP Cloud Platform Integration (CPI), a Delta Load scenario refers to loading only the data that has
changed (i.e., added, updated, or deleted) since the last successful load.

Let's walk through a real-time scenario where we need to use variables in SAP CPI to implement a Delta
Load mechanism. This will involve extracting data from a source system (like SAP S/4HANA or an
external database) and only loading the changes (delta) into a target system, such as a data warehouse
or another SAP system.
 Warehouse

Requirements:

 We need to load only newly created or updated sales orders from SAP S/4HANA to a data
warehouse.
 The sales orders are tracked by a LastModifiedDate field in SAP S/4HANA.
 The last successful load timestamp must be stored and used in the integration flow to extract
only records that have been modified or created after that timestamp.

Query the Source System for Delta Data:

Using this lastSuccessfulLoadTime, a variable is included in the request sent to SAP S/4HANA to fetch
only those sales orders whose LastModifiedDate is greater than lastSuccessfulLoadTime.

Only the changed records are processed, reducing unnecessary transfers.

A Period Delta refers to extracting only the data that has been created, modified, or deleted within a
specific time period (e.g., last 24 hours, last week, last month), regardless of when the last load was
executed. The time period is fixed and pre-defined.

Batch Processing

Batch, as its name suggests, implies that multiple requests are clubbed into one HTTP call. What this
means is that if you are updating 100 records, instead of making 100 PUT or update request, the adapter
would just make one call to the server with all the essential data. This would greatly improve time taken
to achieve such requirements, also improving the performance.

In SAP CPI, "batch processing using the patch method" refers to sending a single HTTP request
containing multiple "PATCH" operations to update various data records on a backend system in one go,
essentially grouping several individual updates into a single batch to improve performance and
efficiency by minimizing network calls

How it works:
1. 1. Data preparation:
In your CPI integration flow, gather the data for all the records you want to update with the desired
changes.
2. 2. Batch payload creation:
Construct the batch request payload using the OData $batch syntax, structuring each "ChangeSet" to
include the relevant PATCH operations with specific entity keys and updated data fields.
3. 3. Sending the batch request:
 Send the constructed batch payload as a single HTTP POST request to the target OData service
endpoint.
4. 4. Response handling:
The backend system will process all the PATCH operations within the batch and return a single
response containing status information for each individual update

Using Odata Adatpor we call oData service

Request Reply-------------Odata Adatpor------------Odata Service

 You can use EDMX file or Provide the Address

Once you provide the Address the edmx file is automatically created and it will show in Integrationflow-
> Metadata Description:

An EDMX file contains detailed information about the data model including entities, properties,
relationships, and data types, enabling CPI to understand the structure of the OData servic
In SAP Cloud Platform Integration (CPI), an "EDMX" file stands for "Entity Data Model XML" and is
essentially a file format used to describe the structure and data relationships of an OData service,
allowing CPI to easily consume and interact with external data sources like SAP S/4HANA APIs by
defining the schema and entities within that service; essentially acting as a blueprint for mapping data
between CPI and the OData source.
Entity – is like a database table

Fields are like colums

sublevels: