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Introduction To DBMS and Database Design Process: Lecture Content

The document provides an introduction to databases and Database Management Systems (DBMS), outlining the database design process, which includes requirement analysis and conceptual modeling using Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) diagrams. It highlights the advantages of using a database over traditional file storage, such as data independence, efficient access, and security. Additionally, it discusses design traps and outlines activities for practical application, including drawing ER and EER diagrams.

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5 views2 pages

Introduction To DBMS and Database Design Process: Lecture Content

The document provides an introduction to databases and Database Management Systems (DBMS), outlining the database design process, which includes requirement analysis and conceptual modeling using Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) diagrams. It highlights the advantages of using a database over traditional file storage, such as data independence, efficient access, and security. Additionally, it discusses design traps and outlines activities for practical application, including drawing ER and EER diagrams.

Uploaded by

thehara001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to DBMS and Database Design Process

Lecture Content:

Introduction to databases and DBMS


Database design process
Requirement analysis
Conceptual modeling using EER diagrams
Design traps

Learning Outcomes:

Define a database and a DBMS.


Identify situations where a database is beneficial.
Explain the database design process.
Draw an EER diagram for a given scenario.

Database & DBMS

Database: A collection of related data.


DBMS: A software system for defining, constructing, manipulating, and sharing databases
among users.

Why Use a Database?

Traditional file storage has limitations.


Example scenarios:
Storing student data at SLIIT.
Maintaining a shopping list for New Year purchases.

Database Approach vs File Processing System

Self-describing nature
Insulation between programs and data
Data abstraction
Multiple data views
Multiuser transaction processing
Security and access control

Advantages of a Database Approach

Data independence: Applications are not dependent on data structure.


Efficient data access: Optimized storage and retrieval.
Data integrity: Enforces constraints (e.g., data types).
Security: Restricts unauthorized access.
Backup and recovery: Protects against system failures.
Concurrent access: Multiple users can access data simultaneously.

Database Design Process (Six Phases)


1. Requirement collection and analysis
2. Conceptual database design
3. Logical database design
4. Schema refinement
5. Physical database design
6. Security design

Requirement Collection & Analysis

Identify user expectations.


Interview clients, analyze documents.
Remove unclear, incomplete, or redundant data.

Conceptual Database Design

Based on requirement analysis.


Uses Entity-Relationship (ER) model.

ER Model - Key Concepts

Entities & Attributes: Objects and their properties.


Binary Relationships: Cardinalities (1:1, 1:N, M:N).
Weak Entities: Depend on another entity for identification.
Ternary Relationships: Involve three entities.

Enhanced ER Model (EER)

Extends ER model with specialization and generalization.


ISA Relationships: Represent subtypes (e.g., Employees → Permanent & Contract
Employees).
Constraints:
Overlapping: Can an entity belong to multiple subclasses?
Covering: Do all entities in a superclass belong to a subclass?
Aggregation: A relationship between another relationship.

Design Traps

Fan Trap: Ambiguous relationships due to multiple one-to-many links.


Chasm Trap: Missing relationships leading to gaps in data representation.

Activities

Draw ER and EER diagrams for given scenarios.


Identify and correct design traps.
Complete self-test questions and tutorial exercises.
Read Database Management Systems by Ramakrishnan & Gehrke (Chapter 2).

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