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Fluid Mechanics (PN)

Fluid mechanics studies the behavior of fluids at rest and in motion, encompassing branches such as fluid statics, fluid dynamics, and fluid kinematics. It relies on fundamental laws like conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, and has applications in engineering, medicine, and natural phenomena. Key concepts include density, pressure, and the continuum concept, which simplifies fluid motion analysis.

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abdoul sanyang
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10 views4 pages

Fluid Mechanics (PN)

Fluid mechanics studies the behavior of fluids at rest and in motion, encompassing branches such as fluid statics, fluid dynamics, and fluid kinematics. It relies on fundamental laws like conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, and has applications in engineering, medicine, and natural phenomena. Key concepts include density, pressure, and the continuum concept, which simplifies fluid motion analysis.

Uploaded by

abdoul sanyang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FLUID MECHANICS

Fluids
Definition: Is a substance that continuously deforms under the application of shear stresses.

Classification: Gas, Liquid & Plasma

Properties: Pressure, surface tension, buoyancy, thermal properties, flow behaviour.

Application of fluid dynamics: engineering, medicine, natural phenomena

Fundamental Laws Governing Fluids: conservation of mass, conservation of momentum,


conservation of energy

Mechanics
Definition : Study of objects in motion/stationary and forces that cause the motion.

Core concept: motion, forces, energy, newton’s laws of motions, equilibrium.

Branches (classification): kinematics, dynamics, statics, fluid mechanics, relativistic mechanics,


quantum mechanics, bio mechanics, engineering mechanics

Fundamental quantities: mass, time, force, momentum, work and energy, torque.

Application: engineering, astronomy, medicine, sport science, everyday life.

Importance: predicting natural disasters, designing safe and efficient systems

FLUID MECHANICS
Studies the behaviour of fluids at rest and motion

Branches

Fluid statics examples: dams, reservoirs, hydraulic systems

Fluid dynamics example: drainage, pipelines/pipe networks

Fluid kinematics examples: observing water flowing around an obstacle

Compressible and incompressible


Multiphase flow example: oil-water separation, boiling and condensation

Continuum concept

Is a theoretical assumption that treats fluids as continuous homogeneous media rather than a
discrete collection of molecules .

It simplifies the mathematical analysis of fluid motion.

Fluids are composed of randomly moving and colliding molecules.i.e even when a fluid in a
container is static,the molecules in the fluid are always moving.

In most cases continuum concept is used to find the properties of fluids.

Fluid statics
Branch of fluid mechanics that study fluid at rest i.e it focuses on understanding the behaviour
of fluids when it’s stationary.

Applications

 Designing dams and reservoirs


 Understanding the atmospheric pressure variation
 Calculating forces on submerged structures like ships and submarines
 Designing hydraulic systems like breaks and lifts

Terminologies

 Density
………………………………………

Take-Home Experiment Sugar and Salt

A pile of sugar and a pile of salt look pretty similar, but which weighs more? If the volumes of
both piles are the same, any difference in mass is due to their different densities( including the
air space btw them). Which do you think has the greater density? What values did you find?
Example (Caculating the mass of reseravoir from its volume)

A reservoir has a surface area of 50.0km2 and an average depth of 40,0m. what is held behind
the dam?

 Specific Gravity
This is the ratio of density to that of water at 4o C of a substance, which Is 1000 kg/m3 .

Example

Find density of specific gravity of gasoline if 51g occupies 75cm3?

 Pressure

P=F/A

The smaller the area the larger/ greater the pressure vice versa .

The SI unit for pressure is pascal 1 Pa = 1N/m^2

In addition there are many other units for measuring pressure that are in common use in
metrology, atmospheric pressure is often described in units of millibar (mb), where 100mb =
1x105 pa.

Pounds per square inch (Ib/in^2 or psi) still sometimes used as a measure of tire pressure, and
millimeters of mercury (mmhg).

Example

An astronaut is working outside the international space station where the atmospheric pressure
is essentially zero. The pressure gauge on her air tank reads 6.90*10^6 pa.what force does the
air inside the tank exert on the flat end of the cylindrical tank, a disk 0.150 m

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