Design of springs

CHAPTER

1 CALCULUS
1. Given are the following statements related to unit (a) – 0.5 (b) 0.5
vector. Which of the following statements among the (c) 1 (d) –1
options is INCORRECT?
(a) The magnitude of the unit vector is always equal
to 1 irrespective of the vector location. 5. Given vectors P, Q and R are follows
(b) Any vector can become the unit vector when it P = aˆx + aˆ y + 4aˆz , Q = 3aˆx + aˆ y − 6aˆz and
gets divided by the magnitude of the same given
vector. R = 5aˆx − 2aˆ y + aˆz . The value of α, β and γ such
(c) A unit vector always represents the unit normal that the vectors are mutually orthogonal.
direction of the given vector. (a) α = 1.67, β =32, γ = 2.833
(d) A unit vector represents the direction of the given (b) α = 2.67, β =16, γ = _2.833
vector. (c) α = 2.67, β =32, γ = _2.833
(d) α = 1.67, β =16, γ = _5.6
2. Let F = 2 aˆx − 6 aˆ y +10 aˆz , G = aˆx + Gy aˆ y + 5 aˆz . If

F and G have the same unit vector, then G y must be 6. The angle AB between the vectors A = 3aˆ x + 4aˆ y + aˆ z

(a) –6 (b) 3 and B = 2aˆ y − 5aˆ z is nearly

(c) –3 (d) 6 (a) 83.7° (b) 73.7°
(c) 63.7° (d) 53.7°
3. Which one of the following equations is correct?
2
(a) aˆ x  aˆ x = aˆ x 7. Given A = − 6 aˆx + 3aˆ y + 2 aˆz , The projection of A

(b) aˆx  aˆ y = aˆ y  aˆx along aˆ y will be ______

(c) ( ) (
aˆx  aˆ y  aˆz = aˆx  aˆz  aˆ y ) (a) –3 (b) 3
(d) aˆr aˆ + aˆ aˆr = 0 (c) 3/7 (d) –3/7

4. Given that vector A = aˆx + aˆ y + aˆz and 8. The projection of the vector (6aˆ x – 3aˆ y + 2aˆ z )
along 3aˆ x – 4aˆ z is
B =  aˆx + aˆ y + aˆz , if A and B are normal to each
other, then the value of 𝛼 = _______. (a) 2 (b) 18aˆ x – 8aˆ y

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(c) 10 (d) 21aˆ x – 28aˆ y 13. The â and â components in terms of aˆ x and aˆ y
9. If a vector A = 3aˆx + 2aˆ y + 5aˆz is pointing towards a for A, B, C and D, are______.

plane Z = 5, then the tangential and normal

component of A along the plane are

(a) 3aˆ x + 5aˆ z , 2aˆ y (b) 3aˆ x + 2aˆ y , 5aˆ z

(c) 2aˆ y + 5aˆ z , 3aˆ x (d) 5aˆ z , 3aˆ x + 2aˆ y

10. [MSQ]
Given point P (–3,4, −5) and vector
aˆ x + aˆ y −aˆ x + aˆ y
A = yaˆx + ( x + z)aˆ y , the point P and vector A will be (a) Point A ,
2 2
represented in cylindrical and spherical coordinate
−aˆ x + aˆ y −aˆ x − aˆ y
system as (b) Point B ,
2 2
(a) (5,127 , −5)
0

−aˆ x − aˆ y aˆ x − aˆ y
(5 2,135 ,127 )
o o (c) Point C ,
(b) 2 2
aˆx − aˆ y aˆx + aˆ y
(c) A = −8.8 aˆ +1.6 aˆ (d) Point D ,
2 2
(d) A = −6.22 aˆr + 6.22 aˆ +1.6 aˆ

14. Calculate the angles that vector M = 3aˆx + 5 aˆ y − 8 aˆz

11. Given the points A (𝑥 = 2, y = 3, z = –1) and B (r = 4, makes with the x, y and z axis, respectively.
𝜃 = 90°, ∅ =120°). Find the distance between A and
(a) 59.6°, 72.36° and 36.08°
B?
(b) 72.36°, 59.66° and 143.91°
(a) 7.26 (b) 4.15
(c) 72.36°, 59.6° and 36.08°
(c) 6.12 (d) 5.53
(d) 36.08°, 59.6° and 143.91°
 X Y 
12. If B = B0  2 aˆ y − 2 2 aˆ x  in cartesian
 X +Y X +Y 
15. The electric field intensity E at a point P is given
co-ordinate system, then B in terms of cylindrical
by 10iˆ +10 ˆj +10kˆ where iˆ, ˆj and kˆ are unit
co-ordinate system.
vectors in x, y and z directions respectively. If α, β,
B0 B0
(a) aˆ (b) aˆ γ are respectively the angle the E vector makes
   
with x, y and z axes respectively, they are given by
B0
(c) aˆ (d) B0aˆz which of the following?
 z
(a) α = β = γ = 30°
(b) α = β = γ = 60°

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1 22. If  = xy + yz + zx , then find maximum rate of

(c)  =  =  = cos −1
3
change of ϕ in space at (3, 2, 1), is_____.
1 −1
(d)  =  =  = cos
3
23. The value of the directional derivative of the
16. The operator ‘del’ (∇) is a
function  ( x, y, z ) = xy + yz + zx at the point
2 2 2
(a) vector space function
(b) vector time function
(2, –1, 1) in the direction of the vector
(c) scalar space function
(d) scalar time function p = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ is_____.
17 The magnitude of the gradient for the function f(x, y, (a) 1 (b) 0.95
z) = x2 + 3y2 + z3 at the point (c) 0.93 (d) 0.9
(1, 1, 1) is _____.
( x2 y + xy 2 )
18. The gradient of the following scalar fields 24. If f ( x, y ) = , then the maximum rate of
2
f(x, y, z) = e–x (cos2y) (sin hz) at origin, is______.
change of scalar function ‘f’ at (1, 1) (directional

19. Divergence of vector div D in the cylindrical derivative) in the direction of a vector which makes
coordinate system is 
angle with y-axis, is________.
1  1 D
D
(a)
 
( )
D +
 
+ z
z
4
25. If ϕ = xy + yz + zx, then the directional derivative of

1  1  D ( )
1  ( zDz )
scalar function ϕ at (3, 2, 1) towards a point (4, 5, 6),
(b)
 
(
D + )
 
+
z z is_______.

1  1 D Dz
(c)
 
(
D + )
 
+
z 26. If ϕ = xy + yz + zx, then the directional derivative of
scalar function ϕ at (3, 2, 1) in the direction of
D D
D
(d) + + z A = (2, 2, 2), is_________.
  z
20. The gradient of the following scalar fields 27. f : x = y = 2z
   ϕ : x2 + y2 + 2z2 = 10
f = z 2 sin 2 at 1, ,1 , is_______. the angle of intersection (s) is/are_________.
 2 
28. If ϕ = xy + yz + zx represents scalar potential of A ,
21. The gradient of the following scalar fields
then the A at (3, 2, 1) is________.
  
f ( r, , ) = 20r sin 2  cos  at 1, ,  ,
 2 2 29. The divergence of following vector field.
is_____. A = x2 yz aˆ x + xz aˆ z at (1,1,1) is _________.

30. The divergence of following vector field

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   (a) – 2 (b) 2
A =  sin  aˆ + 2 z aˆ + z cos  aˆz at 1, ,1 is____. (c) 1 (d) 0
 2 
31. The divergence of following vector field
37. If r = xaˆx + yaˆy + z aˆz and r = r then div
1   
A = 2 cos  aˆr + r sin  cos  aˆ + cos  aˆ at 1, , 
( r 2 (1n r )) = __________ .
r  2 2
is________. ( )
38. Let  f V = x2 y + y2 z + z 2 x , where f and V are
scalar and vector field respectively. If
32. The value of  A where A = 3xyaˆx + xaˆ y + xyz aˆz at a
j + x kˆ
V = y iˆ + z ˆ , then V  ( f ) is______.
point (2, –2, 2) is
(a) –10 (b) –6 (a) x2y + y2z + z2x (b) 2xy + 2 yz + 2zx
(c) 2 (d) 4 (c) x + y + z (d) 0

A = 2xiˆ + 3y ˆj + 4z kˆ and u = x2 + y2 + z2, then div

33. Divergence of the vector field
39. If
V ( x, y, z ) = − ( x cos xy + y ) iˆ + ( y cos xy ) ˆj

( )
(u A ) at (1, 1, 1) is ____.
+ sin z 2 + x 2 + y 2 k̂
(a) 2z cos(z2) 40. The curl of following vector field
(b) sin ( xy ) + 2 z cos z ( ) 2
A = x 2 y aˆ x + xy 2 aˆ y + z 2 aˆ z at (1, 1, 1) is_______.

(c) x sin ( xy) – cos ( z ) 41. The curl of following vector field
  
(d) None of these A = z cos aˆ + 2 z 2 aˆ +  sin aˆ z at 1, , 1
 2 
34. Divergence of the three-dimensional radial vector is _______ .
field F is
(a) 3 (b) 1/r 42. The curl of following vector field

iˆ + ˆj + kˆ   
(c) (
(d) 3 iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) A = raˆr at 1, ,  is ______.
 2 2
43. Given the vector
35. The divergence of the vector field
A = (cos x)( sin y ) aˆx + (sin x)(cos y ) aˆ y where
A = x aˆ x + y aˆ y + z aˆz is
aˆx , aˆ y denote unit vectors along x, y directions,
(a) 0 (b) 1/3
respectively. The magnitude of curl of A is_____.
(c) 1 (d) 3
44. The figures show diagrammatic representations of
36. The direction of vector A is radially outward from the
vector fields X , Y and Z respectively. Which one of
origin, with A = kr n where r2 = x2 + y2 + z2 and k
is a constant. The value of n for which  A=0 is

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the following choices is true? , is irrotational, then the values of the constant k1, k2
X Y Z and k3 respectively are.
(a) 0.3, – 2.5, 0.5 (b) 0.0, 3.0, 2.0
(c) 0.3, 0.33, 0.5 (d) 4.0, 3.0, 2.0

(a)  X = 0, Y  0,  Z = 0 50. Given an irrotational vector field

( ) ( ) (
F = k1xy + k2 z 3 aˆ x + 3x 2 − k3 z aˆ y + 3xz 2 − y aˆ z )
(b)  X  0,Y = 0, Z  0 The  F at (1, 1, –2) is_______.
(c)  X  0,Y  0, Z  0
51. A vector p is given by
(d)  X = 0, Y = 0,  Z = 0 p = x3 yaˆ x − x 2 y 2aˆ y − x 2 yzaˆ z
45. Given
Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
A = (x + 4z)aˆx + (2x − 3y)aˆ y + (4x + 3y − cz)aˆz . (a) p is solenoidal, but not irrotational.
The Value of c for which A is solenoidal is _________. (b) p is irrotational, but not solenoidal.
(c) p is neither solenoidal, nor irrotational.
46. Consider the vector field
(d) p is both solenoidal and irrotational.
F = ( 4 y − c1z ) aˆx + ( 4x + 2z ) aˆ y + ( 2 y + z ) aˆz
in a rectangular coordinate system (x, y, z) with unit
52. If the vector A and B are conservative, then
vectors aˆx , aˆ y and az. If the field F is irrotational
(conservative), then the constant c1 (in integer)
(a) A B is solenoidal (b) A B is conservative
is_______. (c) A + B is solenoidal (d) A − B is solenoidal

47. Given a conservative field

53. Find the triple Scalar product of vectors P, Q and R .
M = (z cos(x z) + y) aˆx + 2kxaˆ y + x cos xzaˆz .
Given that P = 2aˆx − aˆ y + aˆz , Q = aˆx + aˆ y + aˆz and
The value of k is _______.
R = 2aˆx + 3aˆz
48. For a vector
(a) –5 (b) –3
A = (4x + k1z)aˆx + (k2x − 5z)aˆ y + (4x − k3 y + 2z)aˆz (c) 5 (d) 3
to be irrotational, the value of k1, k2 and k3 are
respectively 54. Which of the following is meaningless combination?
(a) 2, 0, 2.5 (b) 4, 0, 5 (a) grad div (b) curl grad
(c) div Grad (d) curl div
(c) 8, 0, 10 (d) –4, 0, 5

49. If the vector function 55.  ( P ), where P is a vector, is equal to

(a) P ( P ) −2P

F = (3y − k1z ) aˆx + ( k2 x − 2z ) aˆ y − ( k3 y − z ) aˆz

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2P + (·P ) 57. Match List-I (Term) with List – II (Type) and select
(b)
the correct answer:
(c) 2P +  P List-I List-II
(·P ) −  P ( )
2
(d) A. Curl F = 0 1. Laplace equation

B. div ( F ) = 0 2. Irrotational
56. For a vector field A , which one of the following is
FALSE?
C. div grad ( ) = 0 3. Solenoidal

(a) A is solenoidal if  A = 0 D. div div ( ) = 0 4. Not defined

(b)   A is another vector field.
Codes:
(c) A is irrotational if 2 A = 0 .
A B C D
(d) ( ) (
    A =   A − 2 A ) (a) 2 3 1 4
(b) 4 1 3 2
(c) 2 1 3 4
(d) 4 3 1 2

58. The curl of the gradients of the scalar field defined by

V = 2x2 y + 3 y 2 z + 4z 2 x is

(a) 4xyaˆx + 6yxaˆy + 8zxaˆz

(b) 4aˆx + 6 aˆy + 8zxaˆz

(c) ( )
(4 xy + 4 z 2 ) aˆ x + (2 x2 + 6 yz ) aˆ y + 3 y 2 + 8zx aˆ z

(d) 0

59. Curl of Gradient of any scalar field will

(a) 0.
(b) not exist.
(c) Laplacian of ‘f ’.
(d) be Null Vector.
60. If r = xaˆx + yaˆ y + zaˆz the position vector of the
point (x, y, z) and r = | r | , which of the following is
incorrect?
r
(a) r = (b)  r =1
r

(c)  (r  r ) = 6
2
(d)   r = 0

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61. A vector field A = 3x yzaˆ x + x zaˆ y + ( x y − 2 z )aˆ z

2 3 3 67. As shown in the figure, C is the arc from the point
(3, 0) to the point (0, 3) on the circle x2 + y2 = 9. The
can be termed as
( ) (
value of the integral c y 2 + 2 yx dx + 2 xy + x2 dy )
(a) Conservative (b) Divergence less is_____. (up to 2 decimal places).
(c) Solenoidal (d) Harmonics Y

62. A scalar field f = (2 + 2k) x2y + x2y will be harmonic (3, 0)

at all the points for the value of ‘k’ equal to

(a) 1 (b) 0.5
(c) 0 (d) -1.5
X
(3, 0)

63. Let r = x2 + y – z and z2 – xy + y3 = 1 . Assume

that x and y are independent variables. At ( ) ( )
68. Given a vector field F = y 2 x aˆ x − ( yz ) aˆ y − x 2 aˆ z ,
(x, y, z) = (2, –1, 1), the value (correct to two decimal
r
the line integral
F d l evaluated along a line
places) of is___. segment x = 0 to x = 2.
x (a) –2.33 (b) 0
(c) 2.33 (d) 7
64. The value of  dl along a circle of radius 2 units is
c
69. If H = ( x − y ) aˆ x + ( x + yz ) aˆ y + 5 yz aˆ z the value of
2
(a) Zero (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 8  H  dl along the contour shown in figure ________.
65. The value of the integral of the function
g (x, y) = 4x3 + 10y4 along the straight-line segment
from the point (0, 0) to the point (1, 2) in the x-y plane
is______.
(a) 33 (b) 40
(c) 35 (d) 56
70. If f = 2x3 + 3y2 + 4z, the value of line integral
66. Consider points P and Q in the xy-plane, with  ( grad f )  dr evaluated over contour C formed by
P = (1, 0) and Q = (0,1). The line integral c
Q the segments (–3, –3, 2) → (2, 3, 2) → (2, 6, 2)


2 ( xdx + ydy) along the semicircle with line → (2, 6, –1) is ___.
P
segment PQ as its diameter 71. Evaluate the integral,  r  d r , where C is the helical
(a) is 1 (b) is –1 C
(c) is 0 path described by, x = cost , y = sint , z = t joining
(d) depends on the direction (clockwise or anti- the points given by t = 0 and t = /2.
clockwise) of the semicircle
72. The line integral of the vector field

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( )
F = 5xziˆ + 3x 2 + 2 y ˆj + x 2 zkˆ along a path from
Y

(0, 0, 0) to (1, 1, 1) parameterized by (t, t2, t) is _____.

B

( ) ( )
73. F ( x, y ) = x2 + xy aˆx + y 2 + xy aˆ y . Its line integral over
the straight line from (x, y) = (0, 2), (x, y) = (2, 0) D X
evaluates to A
(a) –8 (b) 4
(c) 8 (d) 0 Circle of
Radius R
C
The vector function F ( r ) = − xiˆ + y ˆj is defined
( )
74.
over a circular arc C shown in the figure. (a)
(
2R aˆ x + aˆ y ) (b)
−2R aˆ x + aˆ y
2 2

(c) − 2 Raˆ x (d) −2Raˆy

( )
77.    P ds , where P is a vector, is equal to

(a)
 P dl (b)  (   (   P ) ) dl
(c)  ( P ) dl (
(d)   P dv )
The line integral of
 F  dl is
1 1 78. If a vector field V is related to another vector field
(a) (b)
2 4
1 1 A through V =   A , which of the following is
(c) (d)
6 3 true? Note: C and SC refer to any closed contour and
any surface whose boundary is C
75. The value of the line integral
Q
(a) cV dl =  V dS
P ( z dx + 3y dy + 2xz dz)
2 2 sc
along the straight line
(b) c A dl =  V dS
joining the point P(1, 1, 2) and Q(2, 3, 1) is sc

(a) 20 (c) 29 (c)  c (   V ) dl =  (   A) ds

Sc
(b) 24 (d) –5
(d)  (   A ) dl =  V ds
c Sc

76. What is the value of the integral  dl along the curve c 79. Consider a vector field A ( r ) . The closed loop line
c
(c is the curve ABCD in the direction of the arrow)? integral  A dl can be expressed as

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(a)  (   A) ds over the closed surface bounded

by the loop.

(b)  ( A) dv over the closed volume bounded by

the loop.

(c)  ( A) dv over the open volume bounded by

the loop.
2
 ( A) ds over the open surface bounded by
(d) (a) 0 (b)
3
the loop. (c) 1 (d) 2 3

80. Consider the following statements: 83. If A = aˆ + aˆ + aˆz , the value of  A dl around the
Stokes’ theorem is valid irrespective of closed-circuit quadrant shown in the given figure is
Q
Y
1. Shape of closed curve C.
2. Type of vector A. 2
X
3. Type of coordinate system.

4. Whether the surface is closed or open.

2 P Z

Which of the above statements are correct?


(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4 (a)  (b) +4
2

(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c)  + 4 (d) +2
2

81.  A dl =  _____ ds
c c 84. Given a vector field A = 2 cosφ aˆ in cylindrical
coordinates. For the contour as shown below,
 A dl
82. If A = xyaˆ x + x aˆ y then
2
 A dl over the path shown
is
c Y
in the figure is

r=1

X
O

(a) 1 (b) 1– (/2)

(c) 1+ (/2) (d) –1

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87. The closed curve shown in the figure is described by

85. Consider the line integral 𝑟 = 1 + cos θ, where 𝑟 = x2 + y 2 ; 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos θ, 𝑦 = 𝑟

 ( xdy − ydx) sin θ. The magnitude of the line integral of the vector
c field F = − yiˆ + xjˆ around the closed curve is
The integral being taken in a counterclockwise ____________ (Round off to 2 decimal places).
direction over the closed curve C that forms the
boundary of the region R shown in the figure below.
The region R is the area enclosed by the union a
2× 3 rectangle and a semi-circle of radius 1. The line
integral evaluates to

88. Given F = zaˆx + xaˆ y + y aˆz . If S represents the

portion of the sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 for z  0, then
(a) 6 + π/2 (b) 8+π  ( F ) ds is _____.
(c) 12 + π (d) 16 + 2 π s

86. Consider the two-dimensional vector field 89. Given a vector field F , the divergence theorem states
F(x, y) = xi + yj , where iˆ and ˆj denote the unit that
vectors along the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively. (
(a)  F ds =   F dv )
A contour C in the x-y plane, as shown in the figure, s v
is composed of two horizontal lines connected at the
two ends by two semi-circular arcs of unit radius.
(
(b)  F ds =   F dv )
s v
The contour is traversed in the counter-clockwise
sense. The value of the closed path integral (
(c)  F  ds =   F dv )
s v
c F ( x, y )  ( dx iˆ + dy ˆj ) is______________.
(
d)  F  ds =    F dv )
s v

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 8 + 2π (d) –1

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90. Consider a closed surface S surrounding a volume V. cylindrical region. The surface integral of this field on
If r is the position vector of a point inside S, with n̂ ( )
S  s D ds is _____.
the unit normal on S, the value of the integral

 5r nˆ dS is 93. For a vector field D =  cos 2  aˆ + z 2 sin 2  aˆ in a

S

(a) 3 V (b) 5 V cylindrical coordinate system (, , z ) with unit

(c) 10 V (d) 15 V vectors aˆ , aˆ and aˆ z . The net flux of D leaving the

closed surface of the cylinder (= 3, 0  z  2)

91. Given V = x cos yiˆ + x e ˆj + z sin y kˆ and S the
2 2 z 2
(rounded off to two decimal places) is ________.
surface of unit cube with one corner at the origin and
edges parallel to the coordinate axes, the value of the 1
94. Consider a function F = aˆr , where r is the distance
integral  V nˆ d S is _____. r2
from the origin and r̂ is the unit vector in the radial
s
direction. The divergence of this function over a
92. A vector field D = 2 aˆ + zaˆ z exists inside a
2
sphere of radius R, which includes the origin, is
_____.
cylindrical region enclosed by the surfaces  = 1,
Z = 0 and Z = 5. Let S be the surface bounding this (a) 0 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) R
❑❑❑

Answer Key
1.
2.
(c)
(c)
( )
18. aˆ z 33.
34.
(a)
(a)
3. (d) 19. (c) 35. (d)
4. (a) (
20. − 2aˆ ) 36. (a)
5. (b) 37. (3)
6. (a)
21. ( −20aˆ ) 38. (a)
7. (b) 22. (7.07) 39. (45)
8.
9.
(a)
(b)
23.
24.
(a)
(3)
40. ( )
0

10. (a, b, c, d) 25.

26.
(6.76)
(6.93)
41. ( −2aˆ − aˆ + 4aˆz )
(0)
11. (b)
12. (a) 27. ( cos−1 ( 0.96)) 42.

(3aˆx + 4aˆ y + 5aˆz )

13. (a, b, c, d) 43. (0)
14. (b) 28.
44. (c)
15. (c) 29. (3) 45. (-2)
16. (a) 30. (2) 46. (0)
17. (7) 31. (0) 47. (-0.5)
32. (a) 48. (b)

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 EMFT WORKBOOK

49.
50.
(b)
(-6)
65.
66.
(a)
(c)
(
81.  A )
51. (a) 67. (0) 82. (c)
52. (a) 68. (b) 83. (a)
53. (c) 69. (-0.5) 84. (a)
54. (d) 70. (139) 85. (c)
55. (d) 71. (1.23) 86. (0)
56. (c) 72. (4.42) 87. (9.42)
57. (a) 73. (d) 88. (3.14)
58. (d) 74. (a) 89. (a)
59. (d) 75. (b) 90. (d)
60. (b) 76. (c) 91. (1)
61. (a) 77. (a) 92. (78.53)
62. (d) 78. (b) 93. (56.55)
63. (4.5) 79. (d) 94. (c)
64. (c) 80. (d)

GATE WALLAH WORKBOOK 12