Instruction Execution

A program is a set of instructions that a computer executes to process data and generate output. The execution process involves a repeating machine cycle of fetching, decoding, and executing instructions stored in memory. The control unit manages these steps, ensuring the correct operation of the CPU components.

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Instruction Execution

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PROGRAM EXECUTION

• A program consists of set of instructions to

process data.
• A computer executes the program to create
output data from input data.
• Both the program and the data are stored in
memory.
• A computer executes the instructions using
repeating
machine cycle: fetch, decode, execute
Steps of a cycle
The control Unit do the following:

Fetch: copy the instruction to be

executed from memory to IR. The
address of that instruction is
stored in the PC which should
then be incremented.

Decode: interprets the command

in the instruction register as
binary code to be executed.

Execute: sends the order to a

component of CPU.
Contents of memory and register
before execution
Contents of memory and registers after each cycle
Contents of memory and registers
after each cycle
Contents of memory and
registers after each cycle
Contents of memory and registers
after each cycle

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Instruction Execution

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Instruction Execution

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PROGRAM EXECUTION

• A program consists of set of instructions to

Fetch: copy the instruction to be

Decode: interprets the command

Execute: sends the order to a

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