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Overview of IH

Industrial hygiene is the science focused on identifying and controlling workplace environmental factors that may harm workers' health. Industrial hygienists adhere to ethical principles to protect health and well-being, addressing various hazards including chemical, physical, ergonomic, and biological risks. Control methods prioritize engineering solutions, administrative strategies, and personal protective equipment to mitigate these hazards.

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10 views18 pages

Overview of IH

Industrial hygiene is the science focused on identifying and controlling workplace environmental factors that may harm workers' health. Industrial hygienists adhere to ethical principles to protect health and well-being, addressing various hazards including chemical, physical, ergonomic, and biological risks. Control methods prioritize engineering solutions, administrative strategies, and personal protective equipment to mitigate these hazards.

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sjmrjsz42
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Overview of

Industrial Hygiene

Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene (5th Edition)


n 自我介绍
Industrial hygiene &
Industrial hygienists
n Industrial hygiene is that science and art devoted to the
anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those
environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the
workplace that may cause sickness, impaired health and well-
being, or significant discomfort among workers or among the
citizens of the community.

n Industrial hygienists are occupational health professionals


who are concerned primarily with the control of environmental
stresses or occupational health hazards that arise as a result
of or during the course of work.
n The industrial hygienist recognizes that environmental
stresses may endanger life and health, accelerate the aging
process, or cause significant discomfort.
The Canons of Ethical Conduct of
Industrial hygienists
n Industrial Hygienists shall practice their profession following recognized
scientific principles with the realization that the lives, health, and well-being of
people may depend upon their professional judgment and that they are
obligated to protect the health and well-being of people.
n Industrial Hygienists shall counsel affected parties factually regarding potential
health risks and precautions necessary to avoid adverse health effects.
n Industrial Hygienists shall keep confidential personal and business information
obtained during the exercise of industrial hygiene activities, except when
required by law or overriding health and safety considerations.
n Industrial Hygienists shall avoid circumstances where a compromise of
professional judgment or conflict of interest may arise.
n Industrial Hygienists shall perform services only in the areas of their
competence.
n Industrial Hygienists shall act responsibly to uphold the integrity of the
profession.
Categories of Potential Hazards

Chemical Physical
Psychological

Ergonomic Biological
Environmental Factors or Stresses

Chemical Physical

Ergonomic Biological
Chemical Physical

Chemical Hazards
Ergonomic Biological

n The majority of
occupational health
hazards arise from
inhaling chemical
agents in the form
of vapors, gases,
dusts, fumes, and
mists, or by skin
contact with these
materials.
Chemical Physical

Physical Hazards
Ergonomic Biological

n Problems caused by such things as noise,


Vibration, temperature extremes, ionizing
radiation and nonionizing radiation are physical
stresses.
Chemical Physical

Ergonomic Hazards
Ergonomic Biological

n These include improperly designed tools, work areas, or


work procedures. Improper lifting or reaching, poor visual
conditions, or repeated motions in an awkward position
can result in accidents or illnesses in the occupational
environment. Designing the tools and the job to fit the
worker is of prime importance. Engineering and
biomechanical principles must be applied to eliminate
hazards of this kind.
Chemical Physical

Biological Hazards
Ergonomic Biological

n These are any living organism or its properties that can


cause an adverse response in humans. They can be part
of the total environment or associated with a particular
occupation. Work-related illnesses due to biological
agents have been widely reported, but in many
workplaces their presence and resultant illness are not
well recognized. It is estimated that the population at risk
for occupational biohazards may be several hundred
million workers worldwide.
Chemical Physical

Chemical Hazards
Ergonomic Biological

n The degree of risk of handling a given substance


depends on the magnitude and duration of
exposure.

Risk=Severity Χ Probability
Chemical Physical

Chemical Hazards
Ergonomic Biological

n The degree of risk of handling a given substance


depends on the magnitude and duration of
exposure.

Risk=Severity Χ Probability
Chemical Hazards

n SDS
¨ GHS Hazard
classification and
Labeling
Chemical Hazards
n Threshold Limit Values
¨ The ACGIH Threshold Limit Values® (TLVs®) are exposure
guidelines established for airborne concentrations of many
chemical compounds.
n TIME-WEIGHTED AVERAGE (TLV–TWA): This is the time-weighted
average concentration for a conventional eight-hour workday and 40-hour
workweek, to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly
exposed, day after day, without adverse effect.
n SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT (TLV–STEL): STEL is a 15-min TWA
exposure that should not be exceeded at any time during a workday, even if
the eight-hour TWA is within the TLV-TWA. Exposures above the TLV-TWA
up to the STEL should not be longer than 15 min and should not occur more
than four times per day. There should be at least 60 min between
successive exposures in this range.
n CEILING (TLV–C): This is the concentration that should not be exceeded
during any part of the working exposure.
Chemical Hazards– TLV TWA & TLV STEL
CONTROL METHODS

n Engineering controls that engineer out the hazard, either by initial


design specifications or by applying methods of substitution,
isolation, enclosure, or ventilation. In the hierarchy of control
methods, the use of engineering controls should be considered first.
n Administrative controls that reduce employee exposures by
scheduling reduced work times in contaminant areas (or during
cooler times of the day for heat stress exposure, for example). Also
included here is employee training that includes hazard recognition
and specific work practices that help reduce exposure.
n Personal protective equipment the employees wear to protect them
from their environment. Personal protective equipment includes
anything from gloves to full body suits with self-contained breathing
apparatus, and can be used in conjunction with engineering and
administrative controls.
Hierarchy of Health and Safety Hazards Control
健康和安全风险控制方法的优先顺序

Elimin Hazard Protective Barrier


Source
来源

ation
Substitu
tion

Pathway
Enclosure/isolation or‘Holes’
Weaknesses

路径
弱点或“孔”
Engineer
ingAdminist
rative
Receiver
Personal Exposure 接受者

Protection
暴露

The “Swiss Cheese” Model” Source: BP International Ltd


源自：英国石油国际有限公司
Hierarchy of Control
Path worker
Source

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