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TFT - LCD Driving Principle and Related Circuit Knowledge

The document explains the driving principles and circuit knowledge of TFT-LCD displays, detailing how the TFT element functions like a switch and the liquid crystal acts as a capacitor to control voltage retention. It outlines the roles of various voltage supplies, including DVDD and AVDD, and describes the control signals necessary for data synchronization and display operation. Additionally, it includes troubleshooting information for voltage anomalies and signal input measurements to diagnose potential issues in the display system.

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35 views10 pages

TFT - LCD Driving Principle and Related Circuit Knowledge

The document explains the driving principles and circuit knowledge of TFT-LCD displays, detailing how the TFT element functions like a switch and the liquid crystal acts as a capacitor to control voltage retention. It outlines the roles of various voltage supplies, including DVDD and AVDD, and describes the control signals necessary for data synchronization and display operation. Additionally, it includes troubleshooting information for voltage anomalies and signal input measurements to diagnose potential issues in the display system.

Uploaded by

sachin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRAVIN MEVADA Presentation TFT - LCD

driving principle and related circuit knowledge


TFT-LCD display principle
The action of the TFT element is similar to a switch (Switch), and the role of the liquid crystal
element is similar to that of a capacitor, i.e., the Switch of the ON/OFF updates / holds the stored
voltage values of the capacitor.

At SW ON, the signal is written (added, recorded) on the liquid crystal capacitor, which prevents
the signal from leaking out of the liquid crystal capacitor at SW OFF.

When necessary, the holding capacitor is connected in parallel with the liquid crystal capacitor to
improve its retention characteristics.

The following figure is an equivalent circuit of TFT pixels. The Gate Line connects all the TFT
gate electrodes on the same column, while the Source Line connects all the TFT source
electrodes on the same line.

When ON, the data of the Source Line is written to the liquid crystal capacitor. At this point, the
TFT element is low impedance (RON), and when the OFF is Line, the TFT element is high
impedance (ROFF), which prevents leakage of the Source data.

The Gate Line plus voltage causes the SW to turn on, and the Source Line signals the capacitor
(in the form of voltage) so as to control the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecule to
realize the display.
TFT-LCD
LCD drive principle

The signals coming in from the Interface Connector include power VDD, data signals, and
control signals. The VDD goes into DCDC Converter and becomes a 3.3V digital supply voltage
DVDD, which needs to be powered by SOURCE, IC, GATE, IC, and T/CON. The other is
analog supply voltage AVDD. It supplies power to the Gamma section, the Source IC. From
DCDC, there are TFT open voltage Von and turn off voltage Voff. Data signals and control
signals are entered into the T/CON, which generates control timing and is transmitted to the
Source, IC, and gate IC along with the data. The Gamma circuit is used to generate the Gamma
reference voltage, which is sent to the source IC, and the voltage values corresponding to each
gray level are changed by the DA converter in the Source IC. The Vcom (CF reference voltage)
is generated by the VCOM circuit and is typically introduced from tthehe PCB board to the panel
via Source, IC, and Gate IC

Drive principle _PCB Block


Power Block

Data Block

PCB Block physical map


Drive principle _DVDD

element state Main voltage phenomenon

R218 Short DVDD=4V OK

R218 Open DVDD=1.2V White screen


R219 Short DVDD=2V White screen gradient black screen

R219 Open DVDD=3.6V OK

Capacitor C223, C224,

C266 short circuit makes DVDD voltage 0, white screen, C225 short circuit DVDD=2V, white
screen gradual black screen

Drive principle _AVDD

C201~C203, C216~C221, short circuit, AVDD=0, white screen;

element state Main voltage phenomenon

R216 Short —— OK

R216 Open AVDD=16V OK

R217 Short AVDD=6V A/D, as shown in Figure 1

R217 Open AVDD=4.6V White screen

R261 Short —— OK
R261 Open AVDD=4.6V White screen

C284 Short AVDD=6.3V The grayscale is bad, as shown

C282 Short AVDD=4.6V White screen

Figure 1 A/D Figure 2 poorr gray, white screen

Drive principle _T/C (input)


1.Measuring the signal input voltage with a multimeter can help to find if there is an abnormal
input. If the Connector
nnector pin is skewed and the signal is not input, the measurement voltage will be
abnormal. The measured value of the general input voltage is 1.1~1.3V

2.Three measuring the impedance of each signal input point to the ground impedance by using
the meter, it can be inferred whether the T
T-CON
CON is damaged (the resistance has been integrated
inside the T-CON),
CON), such as the impedance of the test point to the ground is 0, and the damage
inside the T-CON can be known

B1O1, open, T-CON,


CON, no input, white screen. B101, short, OK

The driving principle _ matching resistor


1., abnormal resistance (measured value should be 50 ohms), gray
gray-scale
scale image A/D, such as the

2. test point to ground short circuit, abnormal lighting, such as the right (mostly COF
electrostatic breakdown caused

The driving principle _ / voltage control ssignal


ignal (18.5)
Voltage signal:
VDD: plus supply voltage (5V)

DVDD: digital voltage. (3.3V)

AVDD: analog voltage. (12V)

Von:, TFT, Gate gate ON voltage. (27V)

Voff:, TFT, Gate gate OFF voltage. ((- 7V)

VCOM: CF (color filter) internal reference voltage (5.5V)

Gamma voltage: V1=11.48V, V2=11.36V, -----V10=3.59V,


V10=3.59V, V11=3.21V, V12=2.53V,
V13=0.43V, V14=0.16V

control signal
Control signal for source drive

STH: the start signal for the line data

CPH: source driver clock signal (data synchronization signal)

TP or Load: data output signal from source driver to display screen

MPOL (data reversal signal): in order to prevent liquid crystal aging, the voltage on the liquid
crystal requires polarity reversal.

Control signal for gate drive

STV (Start, Vertical): Gate start signal

CPV (Clock, Pulse, Vertical): the moving signal of the grid

OE1 (Output, Enable): gate output control signal

OE2 (Multi, Level, Gate): a signal for multiple grayscale levels

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