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Quize + Answers CMY 2601

Crime Risk Perspectives (University of South Africa)

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1. Research by Zevitz and Farkas (in Kemshall 2008) revealed that sex offenders list
the following factors as reasons leading to their relapse

A. Fear of community retribution

B. Stress, fear and anxiety
C. Stress, harassment and unemployment
D. Stress and social stigmatisation

2. Which of these are not a critical success factor of risk management interventions?

A. Appropriate targeting
B. Programme integrity
C. Committed programme tutors
D. Appropriate boundaries

3. Which one of the following is not a key component of effective risk management?

A. Police intelligence
B. Proactive planning
C. Accredited programmes
D. Targeted planning

4. What is one of the main characteristics of ethnicity?

A. Clothes
B. Language
C. Food
D. Music

5. Blood in muti murders is widely used for.

A. Success
B. Vitality
C. Farsighted
D. Victory

6. Identify the correct statement in relation to the National Register for Sex Offenders
(NRSO)

A. The NRSO was established by an Act of parliament in 2009.

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B. The NRSO requires employers only in the private sector to do background

checks of their employees.
C. The NRSO is a record of names of those found guilty of sex offending.
D. The NRSO enables employers in the public sector to do background checks
of their employees.

7. High-risk offenders can be defined as...

A. Offenders who have been declared professional criminals.

B. Offenders who have committed a violent or sexual offence.
C. Offenders who have been declared habitual criminals.
D. Offenders who have committed white-collar crime.

8. What is the primary aim of keeping a register for sexual offenders?

A. To ostracise them from communities where the crime took place

B. To supervise and monitor them on a daily basis
C. To protect the community and the people with mental disabilities
D. To prevent employment with children and the mentally disabled

9. Maltreatment of children is a complex problem and cuts across racial, ethnic,

religious and... lines.

A. Socio-political
B. Socio-economic
C. Socio-cultural
D. Socio-geographical

10. Although ethnocentrism is practically present in all cultures, history has shown us
its tragic consequences. The worst and most extreme occurred in.

A. DRC
B. Rwanda
C. Turkey
D. Nazi-Germany

11. When a criminologist wants to take into consideration whether an offender

displays personality disorder traits, the identification of hereof should be grounded on
a

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A. Professional therapist such as a psychiatrist or a psychologist's

diagnosis
B. Self-assessment and according to the criminologist's risk assessment
C. Crime-related factors such as sadism and a history of violent and
aggressive behaviour
D. Risk assessment factors such as criminal associations and a
dysfunctional family life

12. Factors such as...can be perceived as crime-related risk assessment factors.

A. A lack of victim empathy and an early onset of deviant and criminal

behavior
B. Grooming and a history of violent and aggressive behaviour
C. A history of deviant sexual interests and pre-occupations and
impulsivity
D. Criminal attitudes and the pre-planning of a crime

13. Complete the following statement correctly by choosing the correct term:

According to the social construction approach the...can "champion" causes, validate

causes and experiences, demonise particular groups and popularise new fears, risk
and dangers.

A. Offenders
B. Courts
C. Victims
D. Media

14. All risk assessment attempts should be based on the...Principle.

A. Reaction-Risk-Need
B. Responsivity-Risk-Need
C. Need-Risk-Reaction
D. Risk-Need-Responsivity

15. Children from single-parent families are forced to grow up quickly. This can lead
to a...

A. Desire for excitement

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B. Desire for truancy

C. Desire for independence
D. Desire for drug use

15. Which factor has contributed to an increase in family disintegration? ]

A. Culture
B. Multiple fathers
C. Divorce
D. Same-sex parents

16. Which of the following drugs is associated with the increase in robberies? ]

A. Nyaope
B. Dagga
C. Herion
D. Crack

17. Traditionally, true female offending was ascribed to... ]

A. Family-related matters
B. Masculinity
C. Emotional problems
D. Sexual strangeness

18. Which parenting style is described in the following statement?

"My parents treat me with respect and trust me enough to give me adequate
independence and responsibility. " ]

A. Democratic
B. Permissive
C. Authoritarian
D. Rejecting

19. The objectives of ethnic cleansing are... based ]

A. Culturally
B. Genetically
C. Biologically

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D. Historically

20. Identify the correct statement ]

A. Most of the poverty in South Africa occurs among urban black people
B. Absolute poverty refers to inequalities in society
C. Relative poverty refers to the minimum requirements for survival
D. Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon

21. When reference is made to the management of high-risk offenders, who should
always enjoy first priority regarding safety and protection? ]

A. The children
B. The offender's family
C. The community
D. The offenders

22. When reference is made to the management of high-risk offenders, who should
always enjoy first priority regarding safety and protection? ]

A. The children
B. The offender's family
C. The community
D. The offenders

23.Supervision and monitoring are an example of which approach?

A. Community protection risk management

B. Community outreach risk management
C. Community engagement risk management
D. Community health risk management

24. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct term:

...assessments and treatments often run parallel to psychological approaches,

targeted at those high-risk offenders deemed to have a mental illness. ]

A. Neurological
B. Biophysical
C. Psychosocial

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D. Psychiatric

25. Which of the following behaviors is entirely indicative of the permissive parenting
style?

A. Firm, consistent boundaries, equality, trust and caring

B. Sacrifices by parents, relationship discipline and love
C. Good relationships, communication and consistent discipline
D. Dignity, worth, disagreements over money and dictatorial conduct

26. One of the 5 Ways to Protect Your Children from a Paedophile is:

Listen To Your Intuition - Teach Your Children to Listen to Their Intuition. ]

A. True
B. False

27. Static risk factors are changeable

A. True
B. False

28.Residing in a high-crime neighbourhood that is characterised by gangs and

unemployment are factors that are associated with… ]

A. personal or personality-related risk assessment factors.

B. social or environmental-related risk assessment factors.
C. crime-related risk assessment factors.
D. victim-related risk assessment factors.

29. Which one of the following is not a key component of effective risk management?

A. Police intelligence
B. Proactive planning
C. Accredited programmes
D. Targeted planning

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30. High-risk offenders can be defined as

A. offenders who have been declared professional criminals.

B. offenders who have been declared habitual criminals
C. offenders who have committed white-collar crime.
D. offenders who have committed a violent or sexual offence.

31. The objectives of ethnic cleansing are … based.

A. historically
B. culturally
C. genetically
D. biologically

32. Give one reason why all members of a heterogeneous community cannot adhere
to the legislative prescriptions.

A. They do not acknowledge the dominant culture.

B. Their traditional practices are not acknowledged.
C. They do not internalise the norms and values.
D. Minority cultures may feel that they have been left out.

33. Blood in muti murders is widely used for…

A. success.
B. vitality.
C. insight.
D. victory.

34. What can the final outcome of a closed family system be?

A. They seek the help of trauma counsellors.

B. Mother and daughter can exclude the father.
C. The father can kill himself and his family.
D. Vulnerable children abuse drugs.

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35. Young people from a ... family display less disorderly behaviour than young
people whose parents are divorced.

A. dysfunctional
B. disorganised
C. enmeshed
D. broken

36. Teachers who have worked with abused children list the following problem
behaviours found in these children: ]

A. Swear at teacher, break the rules and avoid other children

B. Find it difficult to concentrate, lack of confidence and vandalism.
C. Fight with everyone, very nervous and emotional outbursts.
D. Have not internalised rules, bully other children and steal.

37. What is a common factor associated with incarcerated women?

A. Substance abuse
B. Limited education
C. Limited work opportunities
D. Oppression

38. Women’s oppression is the result of male dominance and patriarchy. This view is

representative of ... feminism. ]

A. liberal
B. socialist
C. radical
D. Marxist

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39. Females tend to internalise their stress and they blame themselves for their
problems while males alleviate their stress via aggression deviation. This principle is
representative of the ...

theory. ]

A. general strain
B. general crime
C. developmental
D. power control

40. are examples of psychoactive drugs

A. flakka and nyaope

B. alcohol and marijuana
C. cocaine and ecstasy
D. lysergic and methamphetamine

41. In terms of Sections 276[I][i]/267.A[3] and 287[4][b] of the Criminal Procedure Act
1977 (Act 51 of 1977), the following factor should be taken into consideration before
an offender is reintegrated into society:

A. The offender's level of self-sufficiency

B. The age and personality of the offender
C. The negative effects of prison life on the offender

42. Almost all countries belonging to the SRDC signed a protocol on the combating
of illicit drug trafficking on 20 August 1996, which country did not participate

A. South Africa
B. Nigeria
C. Angola
D. Zimbabwe

43. Average age of people with a drug dependency in south africa is.

A. 20
B. 100
C. 12
D. 10

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44. 2 major detrimental disciplinary methods excessive discipline and

A. Aggression
B. Corporal punishment
C. Inconsistent discipline

45. Discipline is seen as excessive when punishment is excessively stringent and

A. Brutal
B. Humiliating

46. A passive form of child abuse

A. Physical abuse
B. Neglect
C. Emotional abuse
D. Sexual abuse

47. Deviant sexual behavior is often the result of

A. violent homes
B. sexual abuse
C. drugs abuse
D. anger

48. What is the common factor associated with incarcerated women

A. Oppression
B. Limited education
C. Substance abuse
D. Limited work opportunities

49. Men's strain leads more readily to violence and ]

A. Self isolation
B. Drugs abuse
C. Property crimes

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50. Date rape drug

A. Heroin
B. Marijuana
C. Rohypnol
D. Ecstasy MDMA

51. The saying "drug abuse :a journey into nowhere was coined by

A. Kemshall
B. Siegel & senna
C. Dr De marinda
D. Grootaert

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