CHAPTER 2 CONTENT AND CONTEXTUAL

ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PRIMARY

SOURCES
OVERVIEW
THE COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE of the past through
credible and reliable sources is essential to the understanding
and learning of the students of their own history. History
must be studied carefully; hence it necessitates the
application of historical method. Historical method is the
process of critically examining and analyzing the records
and survivals of the past (Gottschalk, 1969).
The intent of the application of historical method is to
make students competent in their interpretation of facts and
critical analysis of historical narrative or account. For this
to be achieved, the students will be engaged in content and
contextual analysis of the selected primary sources.
Content analysis is a systematic evaluation of the primary
source be it a text, painting, caricature, and/or speech that in
the process students could develop and present an argument
based on their own understanding of the evidences from their
readings. The students will identify pertinent information
from the text/document and explain its importance to their
understanding of history in the Philippine setting. Contextual
analysis on the other hand, considers specifically the time,
place, and situation when the primary source was written. The
analysis as well includes the author’s background, authority
on the subject and intent perceptible, and its relevance and
meaning to people and society today.
The approach is essential to the enhancement of student’s
analytical and critical thinking skills and their ability to
articulate their own views on the specific primary source in this
chapter. Moreover, for this to be realized, the selected primary
sources which will be utilized are provided and introduced
separately with a brief description for each.

17
 LESSON 1

FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD

The period of discovery and expansionism began in the 15 th century,
henceforth from Europe came to the East huge vessels loaded with merchandize and
men under a command to discover and covet lands in the east. This was an
eventuality which adjoined people and nations and such encounter had far-reaching
consequences until 19th century.
WHOEVER has the willpower to undertake a journey across oceans begets the one
entityThe Philippine
desired. island in 1521
The development has been maritime
of Portuguese “rediscovered”
empire,byapparent
the Spanish
scientific
commissioned authority, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator who gained
and technological advancement, European attraction to Asia’s wealth and spices, incited
confidence and support from the monarchy of Spain. This information on
Spain to expend
rediscovery for world
which the an expedition. Subsequently,
is cognizant Spain to
of is attributable along with other
an Italian European
chronicler,
nationsPigafetta.
Antonio engaged inThe
discovering
details ofand
the taking
world’spossessions of lands beyond
first circumnavigation werethe continent.
accurately
recorded
The in his journal.
period This chronicle
of discovery serves as the
and expansionism lensinthrough
began the 15thwhich the voyage
century, henceforth
and circumnavigation of the world can be apprehended with certainty. It specifically
furnishes important details on the discovery of the islands and people inhabiting under
from Europe came to the East huge vessels loaded with merchandize and men the a
command
place, theseto discover
people wereand
to covet
be thelands in thegreat
Filipinos’ east. ancestors
This was an eventuality
who which adjoined
lived peacefully and
with abundance in the area. The comprehension of the cultural life of these
people and nations and such encounter had far-reaching consequences until 19 century. people
th

was made possible through the chronicle of Pigafetta.

The Philippine island in 1521 has been “rediscovered” by the Spanish commissioned
authority, Ferdinand
The narrative Magellan,
of the voyage awhichPortuguese navigator
is a translation by who
Lord gained
Stanley confidence
of Alderley and
issupport
presented
from the monarchy of Spain. This information on rediscovery whichofthe
below. However, only the necessary and important details the
world
narrative were taken based on what is useful for the students. In brief, the narrative
is cognizant of is attributable to an Italian chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta. The details of
as it was written, commenced with the description of the preparation for the voyage,
thecaptain
the world’sand
firsthis
circumnavigation
men, the dateswere as toaccurately recorded
when it left Spain,inthe
his time
journal.
whenThis chronicle
oceans
were crossed
serves as thelike the
lens Atlanticwhich
through Ocean, thePacific
voyageOcean, and Indian Ocean.
and circumnavigation ofIn particular,
the world can be
Pigafetta wrote appertaining to the description of the different places he had
apprehended with certainty. It specifically furnishes important details on the discovery seen,
the people he met and their distinct and interesting culture. The historic voyage
of the islands and people inhabiting the place, these people were to be the Filipinos’
began in 1519 and was successfully completed in 1522.
great ancestors who lived peacefully and with abundance in the area. The comprehension
Source:
of thehttps://archive.org/details/firstvoyageround00piga
cultural life of these people was made possible through the chronicle of Pigafetta.
The narrative
ANTONIO of the
PIGAFETTA voyage which
, Patrician of is
Vicenza, andby
a translation Knight of Rhodes,
Lord Stanley to
of Alderley
the very illustrious and very
is presented
excellent LORDbelow. However,
PHILIP only the
DE VILLIERS
L , the famous Grand
necessary and important details of the
ISLEADEN
Master of Rhodes, his most
narrative were taken based on what is
respected Lord
useful for the students. In brief, the
Since thereas
narrative areit several curious commenced
was written, persons
(very illustrious and very reverend lord)
with the description of the preparation
who not only are pleased to listen to and
for thethevoyage,
learn great theand captain
wonderful andthings
his men,
which God has permitted meleft
to see and
ANTONIO
suffer in PIGAFETTA,
the long and Patrician of Vicenza,
perilous and Knight ofwhich I have performed (and which is written the
navigation,
the dates as to when it Spain,
Rhodes, to the very illustrious and very excellent LORD PHILIP time when oceans were crossed like the
hereafter), but also they desire to learn the methods and fashions of the road which I have
DE VILLIERS LISLEADEN, the famous Grand Master of Rhodes,
taken inrespected
his most order toLord. go thither, [and who do] not grant firm belief
Atlantic Ocean,to the end Ocean,
Pacific unless they
andare
Indian
first well advised and assured of the commencement. Therefore, my lord, it will please you
Source: https://archive.org/details/firstvoyageround00piga Ocean. In particular, Pigafetta wrote
to hear that finding myself in Spain in the year of the Nativity of our Lord, one thousand
five hundred and nineteen, at the court of the most serene king of the Romans, with the

18 19
appertaining to the description of the different places he had seen, the people he met
and their distinct and interesting culture. The historic voyage began in 1519 and was
successfully completed in 1522.
Since there are several curious persons (very illustrious and very reverend lord) who not
only are pleased to listen to and learn the great and wonderful things which God has permitted
me to see and suffer in the long and perilous navigation, which I have performed (and which
is written hereafter), but also they desire to learn the methods and fashions of the road which
I have taken in order to go thither, [and who do] not grant firm belief to the end unless they
are first well advised and assured of the commencement. Therefore, my lord, it will please you
to hear that finding myself in Spain in the year of the Nativity of our Lord, one thousand five
hundred and nineteen, at the court of the most serene king of the Romans, with the reverend
lord, Mons. Francis Cheregato, then apostolic proto-notary, and ambassador of the Pope Leon
the Tenth, who, through his virtue, afterwards arrived at the bishoprick of Aprutino and the
principality of Theramo, and knowing both by the reading of many books and by the report of
many lettered and well-informed persons who conversed with the said proto-notary, the very
great and awful things of the ocean, I deliberated, with the favour of the Emperor and the
above-named lord, to experiment and go and see with my eyes a part of those things. By which
means I could satisfy the desire of the said lords, and mine own also. So that it might be said
that I had performed the said voyage, and seen well with my eyes the things hereafter written…
Finally (very illustrious lord), after all provisions had been made, and the vessels were
in order, the captain-general, a discreet and virtuous man, careful of his honour, would not
commence his voyage without first making some good and wholesome ordinances, such as it
is the good custom to make for those who go to sea. Nevertheless he did not entirely declare
the voyage which he was going to make, so that his men should not from amazement and fear
be unwilling to accompany him on so long a voyage, as he had undertaken in his intention.
Considering the great and impetuous storms which are on the ocean sea, where I wished to go;
and for another reason also, that is to say that the masters and captains of the other ships of his
company did not love him: of this I do not know the reason, except by cause of his, the captain-
general, being Portuguese, and they were Spaniards or Castilians, who for a long time have been
in rivalry and ill will with one another. Notwithstanding this all were obedient to him. He made
his ordinances such as those which follow, so that during the storms at sea, which often come on
by night and day, his ships should not go away and separate from one another. These ordinances
he published and made over in writing to each master of the ships, and commanded them to be
observed and inviolably kept, unless there were great and legitimate excuses, and appearance
of not having been able to do otherwise…
Tuesday, the 20th September of the said year, we set sail from St. Lucar, making the course
of the south-west otherwise named Labeiche; and on the twenty-sixth of the said month we
arrived at an island of great Canaria, named Teneriphe, which is in twenty-eight degrees
latitude; there we remained three days and a half to take in provisions and other things which

19
were wanted. After that we set sail thence and came to a port named Monterose, where we
sojourned two days to supply ourselves with pitch, which is a thing necessary for ships. It is to
be known that among the other isles which are at the said great Canaria, there is one, where
not a drop of water is to be found proceeding from a fountain or a river, only once a day at the
hour of midday, there descends a cloud from the sky which envelops a large tree which is in this
island, and it falls upon the leaves of the tree, and a great abundance of water distils from these
leaves, so that at the foot of the tree there is so large a quantity of water that it seems as if there
was an ever-running fountain. The men who inhabit this place are satisfied with this water;
also the animals, both domestic and wild, drink of it…
Saturday, the 16th of March, 1521, we arrived at daybreak in sight of a high island, three
hundred leagues distant from the before-mentioned Thieves’ island. This isle is named
Zamal. The next day the captain-general wished to land at another uninhabited island near the
first, to be in greater security and to take water, also to repose there a few days. He set up there
two tents on shore for the sick, and had a sow killed for them.
Monday, the 18th of March, after dinner, we saw a
boat come towards us with nine men in it: upon which
the captain-general ordered that no one should move
or speak without his permission. When these people
had come into this island towards us, immediately
the principal one amongst them went towards the
captain-general with demonstrations of being very
joyous at our arrival. Five of the most showy of them
remained with us, the others who remained with the
boat went to call some men who were fishing, and
afterwards all of them came together. The captain
seeing that these people were reasonable, ordered
food and drink to be given them, and he gave
them some red caps, looking glasses, combs, bells,
ivory, and other things. When these people saw
the politeness of the captain, they presented some
fish, and a vessel of palm wine, which they call in
their language Uraca; figs more than a foot long,
Pigafetta’s Map Of The Straits Of Magellan and others smaller and of a better savour, and two
cochos. At that time they had nothing to give him,
and they made signs to us with their hands that in four days they would bring us Umai, which
is rice, cocos, and many other victuals.
To explain the kind of fruits above-named it must be known that the one which they call
cochi, is the fruit which the palm trees bear. And as we have bread, wine, oil, and vinegar,
proceeding from different kinds, so these people have those things proceeding from these palm
trees only. It must be said that wine proceeds from the said palm trees in the following manner.
They make a hole at the summit of the tree as far as its heart, which is named palmito, from

20
which a liquor comes out in drops down the tree, like white must, which is sweet, but with
somewhat of bitter. They have canes as thick as the leg, in which they draw off this liquor, and
they fasten them to the tree from the evening till next morning, and from the morning to the
evening, because this liquor comes little by little...
These people became very familiar and friendly with us, and explained many things to us
in their language, and told us the names of some islands which we saw with our eyes before us.
*The island where they dwelt is called Zuluam, and it is not large.* As they were sufficiently
agreeable and conversible we had great pleasure with them. The captain seeing that they were
of this good condition, to do them greater honour conducted them to the ship, and showed them
all his goods, that is to say, cloves, cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg, mace, gold and all that
was in the ship. He also had some shots fired with his artillery, at which they were so much
afraid that they wished to jump from the ship into the sea. They made signs that the things
which the captain had shown them grew there where we were going. When they wished to leave
us they took leave of the captain and of us with very good manners and gracefulness, promising
us to come back to see us. The island we were at was named Humunu; nevertheless because we
found there two springs of very fresh water we named it the Watering Place of good signs, and
because we found here the first signs of gold. There is much white coral to be found here, and
large trees which bear fruit smaller than an almond, and which are like pines. There were also
many palm trees both good and bad. In this place there were many circumjacent islands, on
which account we named them the archipelago of St. Lazarus, because we stayed there on the
day and feast of St. Lazarus. This region and archipelago is in ten degrees north latitude, and a
hundred and sixty-one degrees longitude from the line of demarcation.
Friday, the 22nd of March, the above-mentioned people, who had promised us to return,
came about midday, with two boats laden with the said fruit cochi, sweet oranges, a vessel of
palm wine, and a cock, to give us to understand that they had poultry in their country, so that
we bought all that they brought. The lord of these people was old, and had his face painted,
and had gold rings suspended to his ears, which they name Schione, and the others had many
bracelets and rings of gold on their arms, with a wrapper of linen round their head. We remained
at this place eight days: the captain went there every day to see his sick men, whom he had
placed on this island to refresh them: and he gave them himself every day the water of this said
fruit the cocho, which comforted them much. Near this isle is another where there are a kind of
people who wear holes in their ears so large that they can pass their arms through them; these
people are Caphre, that is to say, Gentiles, and they go naked, except that round their middles
they wear cloth made of the bark of trees. But there are some of the more remarkable of them
who wear cotton stuff, and at the end of it there is some work of silk done with a needle. These
people are tawny, fat, and painted, and they anoint themselves with the oil of coco nuts and
sesame, to preserve them from the sun and the wind. Their hair is very black and long, reaching
to the waist, and they carry small daggers and knives, ornamented with gold, and many other
things, such as darts, harpoons, and nets to fish, like...

21
 The Monday of Passion week, the 25th of March, and feast of our Lady, in the afternoon,
and being ready to depart from this place, I went to the side of our ship to fish, and putting
my feet on a spar to go down to the store room, my feet slipped, because it had rained, and I
fell into the sea without any one seeing me, and being near drowning by luck I found at my left
hand the sheet of the large sail which was in the sea, I caught hold of it and began to cry out
till they came to help and pick me up with the boat. I was assisted not by my merits, but by the
mercy and grace of the fountain of pity. That same day we took the course between west and
southwest, and passed amidst four small islands, that is to say, Cenalo, Huinanghar, Ibusson,
and Abarien.
Thursday, the 28th of March, having seen the night before fire upon an island, at the morning
we came to anchor at this island; where we saw a small boat which they call Boloto, with eight
men inside, which approached the ship of the captain-general. Then a slave of the captain’s,
who was from Sumatra, otherwise named Traprobana, spoke from afar to these people, who
understood his talk, and came near to the side of the ship, but they withdrew immediately, and
would not enter the ship from fear of us. So the captain seeing that they would not trust to us
showed them a red cap, and other things, which he had tied and placed on a little plank, and the
people in the boat took them immediately and joyously, and then returned to advise their king.
Two hours afterwards, or thereabouts, we saw come two long boats, which they call Ballanghai,
full of men. In the largest of them was their king sitting under an awning of mats; when they
were near the ship of the captain-general, the said slave spoke to the king, who understood him
well, because in these countries the kings know more languages than the common people. Then
the king ordered some of his people to go to the captain’s ship, whilst he would not move from
his boat, which was near enough to us. This was done, and when his people returned to the boat,
he went away at once. The captain gave good entertainment to the men who came to his ship,
and gave them all sorts of things, on which account the king wished to give the captain a rather
large bar of solid gold, and a chest full of ginger. However, the captain thanked him very much
but would not accept the present. After that, when it was late, we went with the ships near to
the houses and abode of the king.
The next day which was Good Friday, the captain sent on shore the before-mentioned slave,
who was our interpreter, to the king to beg him to give him for money some provisions for his
ships, sending him word that he had not come to his country as an enemy, but as a friend. The
king on hearing this came with seven or eight men in a boat, and entered the ship, and embraced
the captain, and gave him three china dishes covered with leaves full of rice, and two dorades,
which are rather large fish, and of the sort above-mentioned, and he gave him several other
things. The captain gave this king a robe of red and yellow cloth, made in the Turkish fashion,
and a very fine red cap, and to his people he gave to some of them knives, and to others mirrors.
After that refreshments were served up to them. The captain told the king, through the said
interpreter, that he wished to be with him, cassi cassi, that is to say, brothers. To which the king
answered that he desired to be the same towards him. After that the captain showed him cloths
of different colours, linen, coral, and much other merchandise, and all the artillery, of which he
had some pieces fired before him, at which the king was much astonished; after that the captain

22
had one of his soldiers armed with white armour, and placed him in the midst of three comrades,
who struck him with swords and daggers. The king thought this very strange, and the captain
told him, through the interpreter, that a man thus in white armour was worth a hundred of his
men; he answered that it was true; he was further informed that there were in each ship two
hundred like that man. After that the captain showed him a great number of swords, cuirasses,
and helmets, and made two of the men play with their swords before the king; he then showed
him the sea chart and the ship compass, and informed him how he had found the strait to come
there, and of the time which he had spent in coming; also of the time he had been without seeing
any land, at which the king was astonished. At the end the captain asked if he would be pleased
that two of his people should go with him to the places where they lived, to see some of the
things of his country. This the king granted, and I went with another…
This kind of people are gentle, and go naked, and are painted. They wear a piece of cloth
made from a tree, like a linen cloth, round their body to cover their natural parts: they are
great drinkers. The women are dressed in tree cloth from their waists downwards; their hair is
black, and reaches down to the ground; they wear certain gold rings in their ears. These people
chew most of their time a fruit which they call areca, which is something of the shape of a pear;
they cut it in four quarters, and after they have chewed it for a long time they spit it out, from
which afterwards they have their mouths very red. They find themselves the better from the
use of this fruit because it refreshes them much, for this country is very hot, so that they could
not live without it. In this island there is a great quantity of dogs, cats, pigs, fowls, and goats,
rice, ginger, cocos, figs, oranges, lemons, millet, wax, and gold mines. This island is in nine
degrees and two-thirds north latitude, and one hundred and sixty-two longitude from the line
of demarcation: it is twenty-five leagues distant from the other island where we found the two
fountains of fresh water. This island is named Mazzava.
We remained seven days in this place; then we took the tack of Maestral, passing through
the midst of five isles, that is to say, Ceylon, Bohol, Canighan, Baibai, and Satighan. In this
island of Satighan is a kind of bird called Barbastigly, which are as large as eagles. Of these
we killed only one, because it was late. We ate it, and it had the taste of a fowl. There are also in
this island doves, tortoises, parrots, and certain black birds as large as a fowl, with a long tail.
They lay eggs as large as those of a goose. These they put a good arm’s length under the sand in
the sun, where they are hatched by the great heat which the heated sand gives out; and when
these birds are hatched they push up the sand and come out. These eggs are good to eat. From
this island of Mazzabua to that of Satighan there are twenty leagues, and on leaving Satighan
we went by the west; but the King of Mazzabua could not follow us; therefore we waited for
him near three islands, that is to say. Polo, Ticobon, and Pozzon. When the king arrived he was
much astonished at our navigation, the captain-general bade him come on board his ship with
some of his principal people, at which they were much pleased. Thus we went to Zzubu, which is
fifteen leagues off from Satighan.
Sunday, the 7th of April, about midday, we entered the port of Zzubu, having passed by
many villages. There we saw many houses which were built on trees. On approaching the
principal town the captain-general commanded all his ships to hang out their flags. Then we

23
lowered the sails in the fashion in which they are struck when going to fight, and he had all the
artillery fired, at which the people of this place were greatly frightened. The captain sent a
young man whom he had brought up,[172] with the interpreter to the king of this island Zzubu.
These having come to the town, found a great number of people and their king with them,
all alarmed by the artillery which had been fired. But the interpreter reassured them, saying
that it was the fashion and custom to fire artillery when they arrived at ports, to show signs
of peace and friendship; and also, to do more honour to the king of the country, they had fired
all the artillery. The king and all his people were reassured. He then bade one of his principal
men ask what we were seeking. The interpreter answered him that his master was captain of
the greatest king in the world, and that he was going by the command of the said sovereign to
discover the Molucca islands. However, on account of what he had heard where he had passed,
and especially from the King of Mazzava, of his courtesy and good fame, he had wished to pass
by his country to visit him, and also to obtain some refreshment of victuals for his merchandise.
…
Tuesday morning following the King of Mazzava, with the Moor, came to the ship, and
saluted the captain on behalf of the King of Zzubu, and said that the king was preparing a
quantity of provisions, as much as he could, to make a present of to him, and that after dinner
he would send two of his nephews, with others of his principal people, to make peace with him.
Then the captain had one of his men armed with his own armour, and told him that all of us
would fight armed in that manner, at which the Moorish merchant was rather astonished; but
the captain told him not to be afraid, and that our arms were soft to our friends and rough to
our enemies; and that as a cloth wipes away the sweat from a man, so our arms destroy the
enemies of our faith. The captain said this to the Moor, because he was more intelligent than the
others, and for him to relate it all to the King of Zzubu.
…
We turned backwards, passing between the island of Cagayan and the port of Cipit, taking
a course east and a quarter south-east, to seek the islands of Maluco. We passed between certain
little mountains, around which we found many weeds, although there was there a great depth.
Passing between these islets it seemed that we were in another sea.
Having left Cipit to the east, we saw to the west two islands called Zolo and Taghima, near
which islands pearls are found. The two pearls of the King of Burné, of which I have spoken,
were found there, and this is the manner in which he obtained them, according to the account
which was given me of it. The King of Burné married a daughter of the King of Zolo, who told
him that her father had these two big pearls. He desired to have them, and decided on getting
them by any means, and one night he set out with five hundred prahus full of armed men, and
went to Zolo, and took the king with his two sons, and brought them to Burné, and did not
restore them to liberty until they gave him the two pearls.
Continuing our course east and a quarter north-east we passed near two inhabited places called
Cavit and Subanin, and passed near an island called Monoripa, ten leagues distant from the before-
mentioned islets. The inhabitants of this island always live in their vessels, and have no houses on

24
shore. In these two districts of Cavit and Subanin, which are situated in the same island as that in
which are Butuan and Calagan, the best cinnamon of any grows. If we could have remained here only
two days, we could have laden the ships with it; but we did not wish to lose time, but to profit by
the favourable wind, for we had to double a cape and some islets which were around it. Wherefore,
remaining under sail, we made a little barter, and obtained seventeen pounds of cinnamon for two
big knives, which we had taken from the Governor of Pulaoan.
Having seen the cinnamon tree, I can give some description of it. It is a small tree, not more
than three or four cubits high, and of the thickness of a man’s finger, and it has not got more
than three or four little branches. Its leaf is like that of the laurel. The cinnamon for use which
comes to us, is its bark, which is gathered twice in the year. Its wood and leaves when they are
green have the taste and force of the bark itself. Here it is called Cainmana, since cain means
wood and mana sweet.
Having set the head of the ship to north-east, we made for a large city called Maingdanao,
situated in the same island in which are Butuan and Calagan, in order to get precise information
of the position of Maluco. Following this course we took possession of a bignaday, a vessel
similar to a prahu, and being obliged to have recourse to force and violence, we killed seven out
of eighteen men who formed the crew. These men were better made and more robust than all
those we had seen hitherto, and they were all chief men of Mindanao. There was among them
a brother of the king who said that he well knew where Maluco was. Afterwards, following his
indications, we left the north-east course which we held, and took a south-east course. We were
then in 6° 7’ N. latitude and thirty leagues distant from Cavit.
…
Making for the south-east we found four islands, named Ciboco, Birabam Batolac,
Sarangani, and Candigar. Saturday, the 26th of October, about nightfall, whilst coasting the
island of Birabam Batolac, we met with a very great storm, before which we lowered all our sails,
and betook ourselves to prayer. Then our three saints appeared upon the masts and dispersed
the darkness. St. Elmo stood for more than two hours at the mainmast head like a flame. St.
Nicholas at the head of the foremast, and St. Clara on the mizenmast. In gratitude for their
assistance we promised a share to each of the saints, and we gave to each an offering…
At last, when it pleased Heaven, on Saturday the 6th of September of the year 1522, we
entered the bay of San Lucar; and of sixty men who composed our crew when we left Maluco,
we were reduced to only eighteen, and these for the most part sick. Of the others, some died of
hunger, some had run away at the island of Timor, and some had been condemned to death for
their crimes.
From the day when we left this bay of San Lucar until our return thither, we reckoned that
we had run more than fourteen thousand four hundred and sixty leagues, and we had completed
going round the earth from East to West.
Monday the 8th of September, we cast anchor near the mole of Seville, and discharged all
the artillery. Tuesday, we all went in shirts and barefoot, with a taper in our hands to visit the
shrine of St. Maria of Victory, and of St. Maria de Antigua.

25
 Then, leaving Seville, I went to Valladolid, where I presented to his Sacred Majesty Don
Carlos, neither gold nor silver, but things much more precious in the eyes of so great a Sovereign.
I presented to him among other things, a book written by my hand of all the things that had
occurred day by day in our voyage. I departed thence as I was best able, and went to Portugal,
and related to King John the things which I had seen. Returning through Spain, I came to France,
where I presented a few things from the other hemisphere to Madam the Regent, mother of the
most Christian King Don Francis. Afterwards, I turned towards Italy, where I established for
ever my abode, and devoted my leisure and vigils to the very illustrious and noble lord, Philip de
Villiers Lisleadam, the very worthy grand master of Rhodes.
The Chevalier, ANTONIO PIGAFETTA

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