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Python Stl

This document provides a guide for C++ STL programmers transitioning to Python, detailing the equivalents of common STL components, algorithms, iterators, utility functions, and functional utilities in Python. It includes comparisons of data structures like lists, sets, and dictionaries, as well as algorithms such as sorting and searching. Additionally, it offers short Python code examples demonstrating these equivalents in practice.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views

Python Stl

This document provides a guide for C++ STL programmers transitioning to Python, detailing the equivalents of common STL components, algorithms, iterators, utility functions, and functional utilities in Python. It includes comparisons of data structures like lists, sets, and dictionaries, as well as algorithms such as sorting and searching. Additionally, it offers short Python code examples demonstrating these equivalents in practice.

Uploaded by

memugame.930
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Equivalent for C++ STL Programmers

For C++ STL (Standard Template Library) programmers transitioning to Python, here’s a guide to
understanding Python equivalents for common STL components and idioms:

1. Containers

C++ STL Python Equivalent Notes


Python's `list` is dynamic in size and
`std::vector` `list` supports most operations of
`std::vector`.
Deque in Python supports O(1) append
`std::deque` `collections.deque`
and pop from both ends.

Python's `set` is unordered and has


`std::set` `set` O(1) average complexity for inserts and
lookups.
`std::unordered_set` `set` Same as above.

Python's `dict` is a hash map with O(1)


`std::map` `dict` average complexity for inserts and
lookups.
`std::unordered_map` `dict` Same as above.

For counting elements, `Counter` from


`std::multiset` `collections.Counter`
`collections` module is useful.

Use `defaultdict` for multimap-like


`std::multimap` `collections.defaultdict(list)`
behavior.

Python's `heapq` provides heap-based


`std::priority_queue` `heapq`
priority queue functionality.

Use `list` with `.append()` and


`std::stack` `list` or `collections.deque` `.pop()`. `deque` is more efficient for
stack operations.

Use `deque` for FIFO queue


`std::queue` `collections.deque`
functionality.

2. Algorithms

C++ STL Algorithms Python Equivalent Notes

`sorted(iterable)` or `sorted` returns a new sorted list;


`std::sort`
`list.sort()` `list.sort` sorts in place.

`sorted(iterable, key=lambda x:
`std::stable_sort` Python’s `sorted` is stable by default.
x, stable=True)`

`reversed(iterable)` or `reversed` returns an iterator;


`std::reverse`
`list.reverse()` `list.reverse` modifies in place.

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C++ STL Algorithms Python Equivalent Notes

`std::min_element` `min(iterable)` Returns the smallest element.

`std::max_element` `max(iterable)` Returns the largest element.


`std::find` Use `in` or list comprehension Example: `if x in container`.

`std::count` `list.count(value)` Counts occurrences of a value.

`functools.reduce()` or Use `reduce` for custom operations or


`std::accumulate`
`sum(iterable)` `sum` for addition.

Use the `bisect` module for binary


`std::lower_bound` `bisect.bisect_left()`
search equivalents.

`std::upper_bound` `bisect.bisect_right()` Similar to `std::upper_bound` in STL.

3. Iterators

C++ STL Python Equivalent Notes

Python iterators and


Iterators Use Python's `iter()`, `next()`, and `for` loops.
iterables
`std::begin` /
Implicit in Python iterables Use `iterable` directly.
`std::end`
Ranged-based `for` Python's `for item in
Python's loop syntax is simpler and more intuitive.
loop iterable`
Example: `next(itertools.islice(iterator, n,
`std::advance` Use `itertools.islice`
None))`.
Example:
Use `len` for sequences,
`std::distance` `len(list(itertools.takewhile(condition,
or manual count
iterable)))`.

4. Utility Functions

C++ STL Utility Python Equivalent Notes


`std::pair` Tuple: `(a, b)` Python tuples are natural equivalents to C++ `std::pair`.

`std::tuple` Tuple: `(a, b, c)` Python tuples can have any number of elements.
`std::make_pair` `(a, b)` Direct tuple creation is simpler in Python.

`std::get<i>` `tuple[i]` Use indexing for accessing tuple elements.

5. Functional Utilities

C++ STL Functional Python Equivalent Notes

`std::function` Python callable (`lambda`, `def`) Python functions are first-class objects.
`std::bind` `functools.partial` Use `partial` for binding arguments.
Python `for` loops or list Use `for` loops for side effects or
`std::for_each`
comprehensions comprehensions for transformations.
`std::transform` `map(function, iterable)` Applies a function to each element.

6. Random Utilities
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C++ STL Python Equivalent Notes

`std::random_shuffle` `random.shuffle` Shuffles a list in place.


List comprehension with Example: `[function() for _ in
`std::generate`
`range()` range(n)]`.
`std::fill` `[value] * n` Creates a list with repeated values.

7. Strings

C++ STL Python Equivalent Notes


`std::string` `str` Python's `str` type is powerful and versatile.

`std::to_string` `str(value)` Converts to string.


`str.split()` and Use string methods for tokenization and
`std::stringstream`
`''.join()` concatenation.

Python emphasizes simplicity and often has direct methods on containers (e.g., `list.append`,
`dict.get`) instead of requiring separate algorithms. Python's dynamic typing and built-in functionality
make it a highly productive language for STL users familiar with C++ paradigms.

write short python code too

Here’s a short Python example corresponding to some common C++ STL operations:

Containers

python

# std::vector equivalent
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]

# std::set equivalent
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4}

# std::map equivalent
my_dict = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}

# std::priority_queue equivalent
import heapq
pq = []
heapq.heappush(pq, 3)
heapq.heappush(pq, 1)
heapq.heappush(pq, 2)
print(heapq.heappop(pq)) # Output: 1 (smallest element)

Algorithms

python

# std::sort equivalent
my_list = [4, 2, 3, 1]
sorted_list = sorted(my_list) # [1, 2, 3, 4]

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my_list.sort() # In-place sort: [1, 2, 3, 4]

# std::reverse equivalent
reversed_list = list(reversed(my_list)) # [4, 3, 2, 1]

# std::find equivalent
if 3 in my_list:
print("Found 3!")

# std::accumulate equivalent
from functools import reduce
my_sum = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, my_list) # Sum of elements

# std::lower_bound and std::upper_bound equivalents


import bisect
my_list = [1, 2, 4, 4, 5]
print(bisect.bisect_left(my_list, 4)) # Output: 2
print(bisect.bisect_right(my_list, 4)) # Output: 4

Iterators

python

# std::begin and std::end equivalents


my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
for item in my_list:
print(item)

# std::distance equivalent
iterator = iter(my_list)
distance = len(list(iterator)) # Length of iterator (consumes it)

Utility Functions

python

# std::pair equivalent
pair = (1, 'a') # Tuple

# std::make_pair equivalent
pair = (2, 'b')

# std::tuple equivalent
triple = (1, 'a', 3.14)

# std::get equivalent
print(triple[1]) # Output: 'a'

Functional Utilities

python

# std::function and std::bind equivalents


from functools import partial

def multiply(a, b):


return a * b
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double = partial(multiply, 2)
print(double(5)) # Output: 10

# std::transform equivalent
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
squared = list(map(lambda x: x**2, my_list)) # [1, 4, 9]

These examples show how Python's built-in libraries and syntax can handle many tasks typically
managed with STL in C++.

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