CHRISTIAN SOCIAL SERVICES COMMISSION (CSSC)

NORTHEN ZONE JOINT EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE (NZ-JES)

FORM FOUR PRE-NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS AUGUST 2024

PHYSICS 1
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
1.
I ii iii iv V vi vii viii ix x
D D D D A C C E D A
10 Marks @ 01 mark

2.
I ii Iii iv v
C E G I H
06 Marks @ 01 mark
SECTION B
3. (a) Given
Focal length, f= 12cm
Object distance,u=30cm
Height of object, ℎ0 =3cm

1 1 1
𝑓
=𝑣+𝑢

1 1 1
𝑣
=𝑓−𝑢

1 1
= 12
− 30

5−2
=
60

3
= 60

60
𝑣= 3

= 20cm

Page 1 of 10
Since the image distance is positive, the image is real.

Magnification
𝑣
𝑚= −
𝑢

ℎ𝑖
= ℎ0

ℎ𝑖 20
3
= − 30

ℎ𝑖 = −2𝑐𝑚

𝑀+1
(b) Required to show : 𝑢 = 𝑓.
𝑀

1 1 1 𝑣
From 𝑓
= 𝑣 + 𝑢 and 𝑀 = 𝑢

1 𝑢+𝑣
=
𝑓 𝑣𝑢

𝑣𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑢 + 𝑣)

𝑣𝑢 = 𝑓𝑢 + 𝑓𝑣

𝑣𝑢 − 𝑓𝑣 = 𝑓𝑢
𝑣𝑢−𝑓𝑣
=𝑢
𝑓

𝑣(𝑢−𝑓)
𝑓
=𝑢

But 𝑣 = 𝑚𝑢

𝑚𝑢(𝑢−𝑓)
𝑓
=𝑢

𝑚𝑢2 −𝑚𝑢𝑓
=𝑢
𝑓

𝑚𝑢−𝑚𝑓
𝑓
=1

𝑚𝑢 − 𝑚𝑓 = 𝑓

𝑚𝑢 = 𝑚𝑓 + 𝑓
𝑚𝑓+𝑓
𝑢= 𝑚

(𝑚+1)
𝑢= 𝑚
𝑓 shown

Page 2 of 10
 4. (a) (i) Given
Mass of bullet,𝑚𝑏 = 10𝑔(0.01𝑘𝑔)
Mass of wood, 𝑚𝑤 = 390𝑔 (0.39𝑘𝑔)
Final velocity of wood, 𝑣𝑤 = 10𝑚/𝑠
Initial velocity of bullet, 𝑢𝑏 =?
From the principle of conservation of linear momentum
Momentum before collision=Momentum after collision

𝑚𝑏 𝑢𝑏 + 𝑚𝑤 𝑢𝑤 = (𝑚𝑏 + 𝑚𝑤 )𝑣

But 𝑢𝑤 = 0

𝑚𝑏 𝑢𝑏 = 10(0.01 + 0.39)

0.01𝑢𝑏 = 4

4
𝑢𝑏 = 0.01

𝑢𝑏 = 400𝑚/𝑠

(ii) Kinetic energy before collision,

1 1
𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑚𝑏 𝑢𝑏 2 + 𝑚𝑤 𝑢𝑤 2
2 2
1
= 2
× 0.01 × (400)2

= 800𝐽
1
Kinetic energy after collision, 𝐾𝐸 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = (𝑚𝑏 + 𝑚𝑤 )𝑣𝑤 2
2

1
= 2
(0.01 + 0.39) (102 )

= 20𝐽

(b) (i) Given

Maximum height, H=20m
Final velocity,𝑣 = 0
Initial velocity, u=?
From 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 − 2𝑔𝐻
0 = 𝑢2 − 2𝑔𝐻
𝑢2 = 2𝑔𝐻
= 2 × 10 × 20
= 400
𝑢 = √400
𝑢 = 20𝑚/𝑠

Page 3 of 10
 (ii) Time taken to reach the maximum height
𝑣 = 𝑢 − 𝑔𝑡
0 =20 − 10𝑡
20 = 10𝑡
20
𝑡 = 10
𝑡 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐

5. (a) Given
Mass of brass cylinder, = 𝑥
Initial temperature of brass cylinder, 𝜃𝑏 = 100℃
Specific heat capacity of brass cylinder 𝑐𝑏 = 320𝑗𝑘𝑔−1 𝑘 −1
Mass of paraffin 𝑚𝑝 = 150𝑔
Initial temperature of paraffin 𝜃𝑝 = 11℃
Final temperature of paraffin 𝜃 = 20℃
Specific heat capacity of paraffin 𝑐𝑝 = 2200𝑗𝑘𝑔−1 𝑘 −1

Then
Heat lost by brass cylinder = Heat gained by paraffin
𝑚𝑏 𝑐𝑏 ∆𝑇 = 𝑚𝑝 𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑇
𝑥 × 320 × (100℃ − 20℃) = 0.15 × 2200 × (20℃ − 11℃)
𝑥 × 320 × 80℃ = 0.15 × 2200 × 9℃
2970
𝑥=
25600
𝑥 = 0.12𝑘𝑔

(b) Given
Initial temperature of an iron plate 𝜃 = 20℃
Initial radius, 𝑟1 = 8.92𝑚𝑚
Final radius, 𝑟2 =8.95𝑚𝑚
Change in temperature, ∆𝜃 =?
From the expression for linear expansivity,

𝑟2 −𝑟1
∆𝜃 = 𝛼𝑟1
8.95−8.92
= 1.02×10−5 ×8.92
= 329.7𝐾
Final temperature is
𝜃𝑓 = (293 + 329.7)𝐾
= 622.7𝐾
Or
𝜃𝑓 = 20℃ + 329.7℃
= 349.7℃ .
This is the temperature at which the iron plate must be heated.

Page 4 of 10
 6. (a) From Newton’s second law of motion
𝐹 ∝ 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚
𝐹 = 𝑘 × 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚
𝑚𝑣−𝑚𝑢
𝐹=𝑘 𝑡
𝑚(𝑣−𝑢)
𝐹=𝑘 𝑡
(𝑣−𝑢)
But =𝑎
𝑡
𝐹 = 𝑘𝑚𝑎
But k=1
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
Therefore a unit force can be defined as the product of a unit mass and unit acceleration.

(b) Given
Handle of screw jack, r=35cm
Pitch of screw jack, p=0.5cm
Efficiency of the screw jack e,=55%
Load, l = 2300𝑁
Force, F= ?
Then
𝑀𝐴
𝑒= × 100%
𝑉𝑅

2𝜋𝑟
𝑉𝑅 =
𝑃
2×𝜋×35
= 0.5

219.8
= 0.5
= 439.6
Then
𝑀𝐴
𝑒= × 100%
𝑉𝑅

𝑀𝐴
55% = 439.6 × 100%
55×439.6
𝑀𝐴 = 100
𝑀𝐴 = 241.78

Then
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑀𝐴 = 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 𝑀𝐴

2300𝑁
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 241.78

𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 9.51𝑁

Page 5 of 10
 7. (a) It means that after 64 days the half of the element will remain undecayed.

(b) Different isotopes will differ at least by 1 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛. That is

𝐴1 = 108, 𝐴2 = 109, 𝐴3 = 110 … 𝐴𝑛

Since there are 25 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑠, 𝑛 = 25

From arithmetic progression,

𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑

In this case, 𝐴1 = 108, 𝑛 = 25, 𝑑 = 1

𝐴𝑛 = 108 + (25 − 1)1

𝐴𝑛 = 132

Hence the heaviest isotope of tin will be 132

50𝑆𝑛

8. (a) Effects of global warming

(i) Rise in temperature

(ii) Rise in sea level

(iii) Change in worlds climatic pattern

(iv) Acidification of the oceans

(b) data
Current I1= 3A
Resistance R1= 5Ω
Current I2 = 0.25A
Resistance R2 = 4Ω
From
Emf1 = I(R +r)
E1 = 3(5+r)
E1= 15+r……………………………. (i)

Page 6 of 10
 Then
E2 = I2 ( R2 + r)
E2= 0.25(4+r)
E2= 1+ 0.25r……………………. (ii)
But E1=E2
15+r=1+ 0.25r
r=- 5.09Ω
Emf =I(R+r)
= 3( 5-5.09)
Emf = - 0.27V

SECTION C
9. (a) (i) Beat is the regular rising and falling of sound of two notes of nearly equal frequency when
sounded together.
(ii) Beats occur when two notes of nearly equal frequency when sounded together.
(b) Given
Distance between first man and the cliff = 510𝑚
Time interval between original sound and echo = 1.0𝑠
Distance between two men =X
Velocity of sound in air,𝑣 = 340𝑚/𝑠

Then
2𝑆
𝑣= 𝑡
----------------------------------------------(i)

2×(510−𝑥)
340 = 1.0
--------------------------------------(ii)

𝑥 = 340𝑚

Distance between two men is 340𝑚

(c) Given
𝐼𝑝 = 5𝐴
𝑁𝑠 = 10000 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠
𝑁𝑃 = 100 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠
𝑉𝑃 = 12𝑉
𝑉𝑆 =?
𝐼𝑆 =?

Page 7 of 10
 𝑁𝑠 𝑉𝑠 𝐼𝑃
(i) = =
𝑁𝑝 𝑉𝑝 𝐼𝑆

𝑁𝑠 𝑉
Using the segment 𝑁𝑝
= 𝑉𝑠
𝑝

𝑁𝑠
𝑉𝑠 = × 𝑉𝑝
𝑁𝑝

10000
𝑉𝑠 = × 12
100

𝑉𝑠 = 1200𝑉
Voltage across the secondary coil is 1200V

(ii) Power in primary 𝑃𝑝 = 𝐼𝑝 𝑉𝑃

Then
𝑃𝑝 = 𝐼𝑝 𝑉𝑝
𝑃𝑝 = 5.0 × 120
𝑃𝑝 = 60𝑊
Power in secondary (𝑃𝑝 ) =𝐼𝑠 = 𝑉𝑠
Then
𝐼𝑠 𝑉𝑠
Efficiency = × 100%
𝑃𝑝

𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 ×𝑃𝑝
𝐼𝑠 = 𝑉𝑠 ×100%

90%×60𝑊
𝐼𝑠 = 1200×100%

𝐼𝑠 = 0.045𝐴
∴ The magnitude of secondary current is 0.045𝐴

10. (a) Bipolar transistors require a biasing input current at their control leads and require both
positive and negative charge carriers to operate. While Field effect transistors require only
voltage and one charge carrier to operate.

(b) (i) (1) Effect of temperature on conductors

With the increase in temperature, the electrical resistance of metals increases, an
increase in resistance is due to increased vibrations of atoms with the increase in temperature,
leading to increased collisions between the vibrating atoms and the moving electrons. So,
despite having greater kinetic energy at higher temperature, the electrons face much more
hindrance in their path from the vibrating atoms. This hindrance in the motion of electrons is
the reason for the increased resistivity of the conductor, and hence decreased conductivity.

(2) Effects of temperature on the conductivity of semiconductors

Page 8 of 10
 An increase in temperature of the semiconductor material increases the amount of
conduction electrons and hence its conductivity.

(3) Effects of temperature on the conductivity of insulators

For insulators the conductivity is increased when the temperature is increased from
absolute zero.

(ii) (1) Conductors

Are materials that have high electrical conductivity. In terms of the band theory , in
conductors the valence band overlaps the conduction band with the Fermi level lying
in the conduction band. That is, there is no forbidden band gap between the two. Due
to this overlapping, many free electrons are also available in the conduction band and
they are responsible for the conduction of electric current.

(2) Insulators
Are materials that do not conduct electric current. Considering the band theory, the
valence band of insulators is full, whereas the conduction band is empty and the
forbidden band is very large.

(3) Semiconductors
Are materials whose electrical conductivities lie between those of conductors and
insulators. In their pure state, the semiconductors are neither conductors nor
insulators, and under certain conditions, they can conduct current electricity. In terms
of energy band semiconductors have a small forbidden energy gap between the
valence and conduction band.

(iii) The current, 𝐼𝐸 is obtained from the relation 𝐼𝐸 = 𝐼𝐵 + 𝐼𝐶

But 𝐼𝐶 Can be obtained from the relation
𝐼𝐶
𝛽=
𝐼𝐵
Therefore
𝐼𝐶 = 𝛽𝐼𝐵

= 50 × 20 × 10−6

= 1 × 10−3 𝐴

= 1𝑚𝐴
Using the relation,
𝐼𝐸 = 𝐼𝐶 + 𝐼𝐵

= 1𝑚𝐴 + 0.02𝑚𝐴

= 1.02𝑚𝐴
𝐼𝐸 = 1.02𝑚𝐴

Page 9 of 10
 11. (a) (i) (1) Nature of the liquid
The rate of evaporation depends upon the nature of the liquid. Some liquids evaporate
more quickly compared to others. Liquids that have low boiling point, evaporate in short period
of time at ordinary temperature.

(2) Temperature
The ability of an air to hold water vapour depends on its temperature. As the air
temperature increases, the capacity of air to hold water vapour increases too.

(3) Surface area

It takes shorter time for unfolded to dry than the folded one.

(4) Wind
The rate of flow of air determines the rate of evaporation into the surrounding air. In a
windy environment the rate of evaporation is high.

(5) Amount of water vapour in air

The more humid the air, the lower the rate of evaporation.

(ii) When air is warm, the molecules have more energy and they move about creating space for
more water vapor molecules to fill in.

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦

(b) 𝑅𝐻 = 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦
× 100%

Actual water vapour density

= 𝑅𝐻 × 𝐴𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦

53.6
= 100
× 23.05𝑔/𝑚3

= 12.35𝑔/𝑚3
Therefore, actual water vapour density = 12.35𝑔/𝑚3

(c) (i) The particles of gas move randomly in all directions at high speed. As a result, the particles hit
each other and also hit the walls of the container with force.
𝑆.𝑉.𝑃 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑤 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑇
1
(ii) 𝑅𝐻 = 𝑆.𝑉.𝑃 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑇
× 100%
2

6.7𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
= 14𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
× 100%

= 48%

Therefore, the relative humidity 48% .

Page 10 of 10