1a

Code:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){

cout << "Size of char : " << sizeof(char) << " byte " << endl;

cout << "Size of int : " << sizeof(int) << " bytes " << endl;

cout << "Size of float : " << sizeof(float) << " bytes" << endl;

cout << "Size of double : " << sizeof(double) << " bytes " << endl;

cout << "Size of short int : " << sizeof(short int) << " bytes " << endl;

cout << "Size of long int : " << sizeof(long int) << " bytes " << endl;

return 0;

Output:
1B

Code:

#include <iostream>

#include <iomanip> // For manipulator functions

using namespace std;

int main() {

int value;

// Taking input

cout << "Enter a numeric value: ";

cin >> value;

// Display in decimal, hexadecimal, and octal format

cout << "Decimal: " << dec << value << endl;

cout << "Hexadecimal: " << hex << value << endl;

cout << "Octal: " << oct << value << endl;

return 0;

Output:
1C

Code:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){

float celsius, fahrenheit;

// Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion

cout << "Enter temperature in Celsius: ";

cin >> celsius;

fahrenheit = (celsius * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32.0;

cout << celsius << " °C is " << fahrenheit << " °F" << endl;

// Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion

cout << "Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: ";

cin >> fahrenheit;

celsius = (fahrenheit - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0;

cout << fahrenheit << " °F is " << celsius << " °C" << endl;

return 0;

Output:
2A

Code:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){

int n, sum = 0;

cout<<"Enter a nautral number: ";

cin>>n;

cout<<"Natural numbers up to "<<n<<" are :";

for(int i= 1; i<=n;i++){

cout<<i<< " ";

sum += i;

cout<<endl;

cout<<" sum of natural numbers from 1 to "<<n<<" is "<<sum<<endl;

return 0;

Output:
2B

Code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Function to read a matrix

void readMatrix(int rows, int cols) {

int matrix[rows][cols]; // Declare matrix with dynamic size

cout << "Enter elements of the matrix:\n";

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {

cout << "Element [" << i + 1 << "][" << j + 1 << "]: ";

cin >> matrix[i][j];

cout << "Matrix is:\n";

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)

{ for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)

cout << matrix[i][j] << " ";

cout << endl;

int main() {

int m, n;

cout << "Enter number of rows: ";

cout << "Enter number of columns: ";

cin >> n;

readMatrix(m, n);

return 0;

Output:
2C

Code

#include <iostream>

#include <cctype> // For tolower() function

using namespace std;

int countVowels(const string& str) {

int count = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {

char lowerCh = tolower(str[i]); // Convert character to lowercase

if (lowerCh == 'a' || lowerCh == 'e' || lowerCh == 'i' || lowerCh == 'o' || lowerCh == 'u') {

count++;

return count;

int main() {

string input;

cout << "Enter a string: ";

getline(cin, input);

int vowelCount = countVowels(input);

cout << "Number of vowels in the string: " << vowelCount << endl;

return 0;

}
Output:
3A

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class SwapNumbers {

public:

// Call by value function

void swapByValue(int a, int b)

{ int temp = a;

a = b;

b = temp;

cout << "After swap (Call by Value): a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

// Call by reference function

void swapByReference(int &a, int &b)

{ int temp = a;

a = b;

b = temp;

cout << "After swap (Call by Reference): a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

};

int main() {

int x, y;

SwapNumbers obj;

// Input values

cout << "Enter two numbers: ";

cin >> x >> y;

// Call by value

obj.swapByValue(x, y);

cout << "After Call by Value in main: x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl; // No change in main

// Call by reference

obj.swapByReference(x, y);

cout << "After Call by Reference in main: x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl; // Swapped in main

return 0;

Output:
3B

Code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Inline function to calculate square

inline int square(int num) {

return num * num;

// Inline function to calculate cube

inline int cube(int num) {

return num * num * num;

int main() {

int number;

// Input the number

cout << "Enter a number: ";

cin >> number;

// Calculate and display square and cube

cout << "Square of " << number << " is: " << square(number) << endl;

cout << "Cube of " << number << " is: " << cube(number) << endl;

return 0;

}
Output:
3C

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class AreaCalculator {

public:

// Function to calculate area of a rectangle

double area(double length, double width) {

return length * width;

// Function to calculate area of a triangle

double area(double base, double height, int) {

return 0.5 * base * height;

// Function to calculate surface area of a sphere

double area(double radius) {

return 4 * 3.1416 * radius * radius; // 4πr^2

};

int main() {

AreaCalculator calc;

double length, width, base, height, radius;

// Input for rectangle

cout << "Enter length and width of the rectangle: ";

cin >> length >> width;

cout << "Area of rectangle: " << calc.area(length, width) << endl;
 // Input for triangle

cout << "Enter base and height of the triangle: ";

cin >> base >> height;

cout << "Area of triangle: " << calc.area(base, height, 0) << endl;

// Input for sphere

cout << "Enter radius of the sphere: ";

cin >> radius;

cout << "Surface area of sphere: " << calc.area(radius) << endl;

return 0;

Output:
4A

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Student {

private:

string name;

int rollNumber;

long prn;

public:

// Method to enter student details

void enterDetails() {

cout << "Enter student's name: ";

getline(cin, name);

cout << "Enter roll number: ";

cin >> rollNumber;

cout << "Enter PRN: ";

cin >> prn;

// Method to display student details

void displayDetails() {

cout << "\nStudent Details:" << endl;

cout << "Name: " << name << endl;

cout << "Roll Number: " << rollNumber << endl;

cout << "PRN: " << prn << endl;

};
int main() {

Student student;

// Enter student details

student.enterDetails();

// Display student details

student.displayDetails();

return 0;

Output:
4B

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Employee {

private:

string name;

double basicSalary, ta, da, grossSalary;

public:

// Method to input employee details

void inputDetails();

// Method to calculate TA and DA

void calculateAllowances();

// Method to calculate Gross Salary

void calculateGrossSalary();

// Method to display employee details

void displayDetails();

};

// Member function defined outside the class using scope resolution operator

void Employee::inputDetails() {

cout << "Enter employee's name: ";

getline(cin, name);

cout << "Enter basic salary: ";

cin >> basicSalary;

}
// Member function defined outside the class using scope resolution operator

void Employee::calculateAllowances() {

ta = 0.15 * basicSalary; // TA is 15% of basic salary

da = 0.30 * basicSalary; // DA is 30% of basic salary

// Member function defined outside the class using scope resolution operator

void Employee::calculateGrossSalary() {

grossSalary = basicSalary + ta + da;

// Member function defined outside the class using scope resolution operator

void Employee::displayDetails() {

cout << "\nEmployee Details:" << endl;

cout << "Name: " << name << endl;

cout << "Basic Salary: " << basicSalary << endl;

cout << "TA (15%): " << ta << endl;

cout << "DA (30%): " << da << endl;

cout << "Gross Salary: " << grossSalary << endl;

int main() {

Employee emp;

// Input employee details

emp.inputDetails();

// Calculate TA and DA

emp.calculateAllowances();
 // Calculate gross salary

emp.calculateGrossSalary();

// Display employee details

emp.displayDetails();

return 0;

Output:
4C

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class DivisibleByNine {

private:

int count;

int sum;

public:

// Constructor to initialize count and sum

DivisibleByNine() : count(0), sum(0) {}

// Friend function to calculate numbers divisible by 9

friend void calculate(DivisibleByNine& obj);

};

void calculate(DivisibleByNine& obj) {

// Loop through numbers between 100 and 200

for (int i = 100; i <= 200; i++) {

if (i % 9 == 0) {

obj.count++;

obj.sum += i;

// Display the results

cout << "Number of integers divisible by 9 between 100 and 200: " << obj.count << endl;

cout << "Sum of these integers: " << obj.sum << endl;

}
int main() {

DivisibleByNine obj;

calculate(obj); // Call the friend function

return 0;

Output: