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Bio Psychology and Behavioral Study Guide

The study guide covers key concepts in biological psychology, including the roles of different brain regions, the nervous system, and the function of neurons. It also addresses behavioral genetics, discussing the interaction between genes and environment, as well as concepts like heritability and epigenetics. Notable case studies, such as Phineas Gage and H.M., illustrate the relationship between brain structure and behavior.

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mustafa.a.hassan2006
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22 views3 pages

Bio Psychology and Behavioral Study Guide

The study guide covers key concepts in biological psychology, including the roles of different brain regions, the nervous system, and the function of neurons. It also addresses behavioral genetics, discussing the interaction between genes and environment, as well as concepts like heritability and epigenetics. Notable case studies, such as Phineas Gage and H.M., illustrate the relationship between brain structure and behavior.

Uploaded by

mustafa.a.hassan2006
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STUDY GUIDE: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Biological Psychology #1
1. Who was Phineas Gage and what does his story suggest about the
brain?
● He had an iron bar pierce his frontal lobe.
● Now people think that personality and the brain are linked
2. What is “Hemispatial neglect”?
● Only interact with one side
3. Who was H.M. and what does his story suggest about the brain?
● Surgery to prevent epilepsy took out his hippocampus and then
he couldn't make new memories
4. What are the lobes of the brain?
● Frontal lobe: Cognitive functions, control of voluntary
movements/activity and socially appropriate responses
● Parietal lobe: Info processing from the differents senses
● Occipital: Primarily responsible for vision
● Temporal lobe: processing memories, integrating them with
sensation of taste, sounds, sight and touch
5. What is the Central Nervous System?
● Brain and spinal cord
6. What is the Peripheral Nervous System?
● Nerves outside brain and spinal cord
7. What is the somatic nervous system?
● Communicates info about environment via sensory fibers
● then the info goes to the CNS and it makes an assessment
● Cycle repeats as Somatic nervous system gets new info
8. What is the autonomic nervous system?
● Moves us between two presets
9. What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the
autonomic nervous system?
● Sympathetic is fight or flight less digestion and parasympathetic
is resting/relaxed and increased digestion
10. What are the key components of the endocrine system?
● slowly change body with hormones
11. How do your endocrine glands operate when you are stressed?
● detects stress, then the hypothalamus tells the pituitary gland to
release a hormone. Then cortisol released till brain feel like it's
enough
12. How does the brain vary across species?
● Different sizes/ amounts of folds vary
Biological Psychology #2

USE NOTES FOR THIS PART I DON’T WANT TO RETYPE THEM


HERE

Biological Psychology #3
13. What are the parts of a neuron?
● Dendrite, soma(cell) axon
14. What is myelin?
● helps transmit the signal down the axon
15. What is glia?
● the glue of the CNS
16. How do neurons send messages to other neurons?
● neurons fire a signal
17. How do neurons generate action potentials?
● Once it reaches the threshold, positive ions flood. then negative
ions flood and the signal travels
18. What happens when neurotransmitters leave the synapse?
● there is a refractory period
19. What’s the difference between an agonist and antagonist?
● Agonist mimics neurotransmitter, antagonist blocks
neurotransmitter
20. What are endogenous opioids?
● Linked to pleasure and pain relief, made in body
Textbook Questions:
1. What do sensory neurons do? Motor neurons? Interneurons?
● Interneurons: In Between connecting neurons that store and
retrieve info from the outside world
● Motor neurons are in the brain and send messages to the body
and engable environment interaction
● Sensory neurons carry info from within body and the outside to
the brain
2. What are the three primary portions of the brain visible in early
development in the womb?
● Hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain
3. How does the size of the cortex vary across species?
● bigger or smaller and different number of folds
4. What is the difference between an excitatory and inhibitory signal?
● excitatory preps for neural impulse and mages a more positive
charge, but an inhibitory signal makes the charge more negative
5. What is neural plasticity? What is phantom limb syndrome?
● Neural plasticity is the brain's ability to physiologically modify.
● Phantom limb syndrome is when your brain rejects a limb
Behavioral Genetics Lecture
1. What do genes contain instructions for?
● Making proteins
2. Overall, is the blueprint for a brain conserved across evolution?
● Yes, highly conserved
3. What is a genotype? What is a phenotype?
● Genotype is the sequence of letters in genome
● Phenotype is a measurable trait
4. Do genes work in isolation?
● no?
5. How do genes, phenotypes, and environments interact?
● they all influence each other
6. What is epigenetics?
● study of changes in organisms cause by modification of gene
expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself
7. What is heritability?
● how much a phenotype is inherited
8. What do twin studies show about the heritability of phenotypes?
● studied traits influenced by genetic differences
9. Are differences in “success” of widely desired behavioral traits
heritable (e.g., reading scores)?
● no
10. Why can we not make accurate predictions about a phenotype
based on genotype?
● Eugenics can lead with this train of thought, the environment can
change or alter phenotype.

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