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compiler

A compiler is software that translates high-level programming languages into machine code, which is essential for computer understanding. The compilation process includes several phases such as lexical, syntax, and semantic analysis, as well as code optimization and generation. Different types of compilers, like cross compilers and decompilers, serve various purposes in software development and optimization.

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Varun Girish Krishna
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6 views

compiler

A compiler is software that translates high-level programming languages into machine code, which is essential for computer understanding. The compilation process includes several phases such as lexical, syntax, and semantic analysis, as well as code optimization and generation. Different types of compilers, like cross compilers and decompilers, serve various purposes in software development and optimization.

Uploaded by

Varun Girish Krishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 def compiler():

2 print(“by – varun”)
Introduction to Compilers
• A compiler is a software that converts high-
level language (source code) into
machine/binary language (object code).
• This conversion is necessary as computers
understand only binary language.
• Some compilers use an intermediate step
(assembly language), while others directly
generate machine code.
• The entire process is known as compilation.
Analysis of a Source Program
• Linear Analysis:
• Reads characters from left to right.
• Groups them into meaningful units called tokens.

• Hierarchical Analysis:
• Groups tokens hierarchically into a nested
structure.

• Semantic Analysis:
• Ensures the correct meaning of the code.
Phases of a Compiler
• Lexical Analysis – Converts source code into tokens by removing
spaces and comments.
• Syntax Analysis – Checks for syntax errors and builds a parse
tree.
• Semantic Analysis – Ensures correct variable usage, type
checking, and logic validation.
• Intermediate Code Generation – Produces a platform-independent
intermediate representation.
• Code Optimization – Refines the code for better performance and
efficiency.
• Target Code Generation – Converts optimized code into machine-
executable form.
These phases are categorized into =>
• Front End: Handles lexical, syntax, semantic analysis, and
intermediate code generation.
• Back End: Deals with optimization and target code generation.
Types of Compilers
• Cross Compiler
• Produces machine code for a different platform than the
one it runs on.

• Bootstrap Compiler
• Written in the same language it compiles.

• Source-to-Source Compiler (Transcompiler)


• Converts one high-level language to another.

• Decompiler
• Reverse of a compiler: Converts machine code into a high-
level language.
Features of a Compiler
• Fast compilation speed.
• Produces correct machine code.
• Ensures the meaning of the code remains
unchanged.
• Generates efficient machine code.
• Detects and reports errors effectively.
• Ensures code follows proper grammar rules.
Uses & Applications of
Compilers
• Makes the code platform-independent.
• Ensures syntax and semantic correctness.
• Generates executable files.
• Converts code from one programming language to
another.
Conclusion
• A compiler is essential for converting high-
level code into machine language.
• The compilation process follows multiple
structured phases.
• Different types of compilers serve specific
needs.
• Compilers play a critical role in software
development and optimization.

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