English Spanish

5.7 Rotations

What are the three basic ways to move an

S
STATE object in a plane?
STANDARDS
MA.7.G.4.2
Rotate
A bicycle wheel can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.
12 12 12
11 1 11 1 11 1

10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4

7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6

1 ACTIVITY: Three Basic Ways to Move Things

There are three basic ways to move objects on a flat surface.
1. Translate the object. 2. Reflect the object. 3. Rotate the object.

Work with a partner.

y
● Cut out a paper triangle that is the 5
same size as the blue triangle shown. 4
3
● Decide how you can move the blue
2
triangle to make each red triangle. 1
● Is each move a translation, a reflection, −3 −2 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
or a rotation?
−2
● Draw four other red triangles in a −3
coordinate plane. Describe how you −4
can move the blue triangle to make
each red triangle. −6

232 Chapter 5 Similarity and Transformations

 English Spanish

2 ACTIVITY: Tessellating a Plane

Work with a partner.
a. Describe how the figure labeled 1 in each diagram can be moved to make
the other figures.
Triangles Quadrilaterals

1
1

b. EXPERIMENT Will any triangle tessellate? Conduct an experiment to gather

information to help form your conclusion. Draw a triangle. Cut it out. Then
use it to trace other triangles so that you cover the plane with triangles that
are all the same shape.
c. EXPERIMENT Will any quadrilateral tessellate? Conduct an experiment to
gather information to help form your conclusion. Draw a quadrilateral. Cut it
out. Then use it to trace other quadrilaterals so that you cover the plane with
quadrilaterals that are all the same shape.

3. IN YOUR OWN WORDS What are the three basic ways to move an object
in a plane? Draw an example of each.

“Dear Sub Shop: Why do you put the “My suggestion is that you use the
cheese on the subs so some parts have tessellation property of triangles for even
double coverage and some have none?” cheese coverage.”

Use what you learned about rotations to complete Exercises 7–9

on page 236.

Section 5.7 Rotations 233

MSFL7PE_0507.indd 233 10/20/09 3:25:06 PM

 English Spanish

5.7 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Key Vocabulary
rotation, p. 234 Rotations
center of rotation,
A rotation, or turn, is a turn
p. 234
transformation in which a figure
angle of rotation,
p. 234 is rotated about a point called the
center of rotation. The number of
degrees a figure rotates is the angle
of rotation.
The original figure and its image angle of rotation
have the same size and shape.
center of rotation

EXAMPLE 1 Standardized Test Practice

You must rotate the puzzle piece 270° clockwise

about point P to fit it into a puzzle. Which piece
fits in the puzzle as shown? P

A B C D

Rotate the puzzle piece 270° clockwise about point P.

Study Tip
When rotating figures,
it may help to sketch turn 270°
the rotation in several P
steps, as shown in
Example 1.

The correct answer is C .

1. Which piece is a 90° counterclockwise rotation about point P ?

Exercises 7–12 2. Is choice D a rotation of the original puzzle piece? If not, what
kind of transformation does the image show?

234 Chapter 5 Similarity and Transformations

English Spanish

EXAMPLE 2 Rotating a Figure

The vertices of a trapezoid are W(−4, 2), X(−3, 4), Y(−1, 4), and
Z(−1, 2). Rotate the trapezoid 180° clockwise about the origin. What
are the coordinates of the image?

X Y y
Draw WXYZ. 4
3
2
W Z turn 180°

−4 −3 −2 O 2 3 4 x
W′ Plot Z′, W′, X′, and Y′.
−2
Z′ Connect the vertices.
−3
−4
Y′ X′

The coordinates of the image are W ′(4, −2), X ′(3, −4), Y ′(1, −4),
and Z′(1, −2).

EXAMPLE 3 Rotating a Figure

The vertices of a triangle are J(1, 2), K(4, 2), and L(1, −3). Rotate the
triangle 90° counterclockwise about vertex L. What are the coordinates
of the image?

y Draw △JKL.
Common Error 4
3
Be sure to pay J K
2
attention to whether a 1
rotation is clockwise or K′
counterclockwise. −2 O 2 3 4 x
Plot J′ and K′.
Connect the vertices. turn 90°
J′ L
−4

The coordinates of the image are J′(−4, –3), K ′(−4, 0), and L′(1, −3).

3. A triangle has vertices Q(4, 5), R(4, 0), and S(1, 0).
Exercises 13–16 a. Rotate the triangle 90° counterclockwise about the origin.
b. Rotate the triangle 180° about vertex S.
c. Are the images in parts (a) and (b) the same size and
shape? Explain.

Section 5.7 Rotations 235

 English Spanish

5.7 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. VOCABULARY Identify the transformation shown.

a. b. c.

2. VOCABULARY What are the coordinates of the center of rotation in Example 2?

Example 3?
MENTAL MATH A figure lies entirely in Quadrant II. In which quadrant will the
figure lie after the given clockwise rotation about the origin?
3. 90° 4. 180° 5. 270° 6. 360°

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Tell whether the blue figure is a rotation of the red figure about the origin.
If so, give the angle and direction of rotation.
7. y 8. y 9. y
1 4 4
3 3
2 2 2
1 1

−4 −3 −2 O 1 2 3 4 x −4 −3 −2 O 1 2 3 4 x −4 −3 −2 O 1 2 3 4 x

−2 −2 −2
−3 −3 −3
−4 −4 −4

A figure has rotational symmetry if a rotation of 180° or less produces an image that fits
nal symmetry.
exactly on the original figure. Explain why the figure has rotational
10. 11. 12.

236 Chapter 5 Similarity and Transformations

 English Spanish

The vertices of a parallelogram are A(−4, 1), B(−3, 4), C(−1, 4), and D(−2, 1). Rotate the
parallelogram as described. Find the coordinates of the image.
2 3 13. 90° counterclockwise about the origin 14. 270° clockwise about the origin
15. 180° clockwise about vertex D 16. 90° counterclockwise about vertex B

17. WRITING Why is it not necessary to use the words clockwise

and counterclockwise when describing a rotation of 180°?
y
18. DILATIONS A dilation is a transformation in which a figure 8
is enlarged or reduced. 7
6
a. Dilate Rectangle JKLM by multiplying the x- and 5
y-coordinates of each vertex by 2. Compare the J M
4
original figure and its image. 3
2
b. Are the rectangles identical? Are they similar? Explain.
1
c. How do dilations differ from translations, reflections, K L
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
and rotations?
y
19. TREASURE MAP You want to find
the treasure located on the map
at . You are located at ●. The
following transformations will lead
x
you to the treasure, but they are
not in the correct order. Find the
correct order. Use each
transformation exactly once.
● Rotate 180° about the origin.
● Reflect in the y-axis.
● Rotate 90° counterclockwise about
the origin.
● Translate 1 unit right and 1 unit up.

20. A triangle is rotated 90° counterclockwise about the origin. Its image
is translated 1 unit left and 2 units down. The vertices of the final triangle are
(−5, 0), (−2, 2), and (−2, −1). What are the vertices of the original triangle?

Identify the solid. (Skills

SKILLSReview Handbook)
REVIEW HANDBOOK
21. 22.

23. MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the value of x − y when x = −5 and y = −8? SECTION 1.3
(Section 1.3)

A −13 B −3 C 3 D 13

Section 5.7 Rotations 237

MSFL7PE_0507.indd 237 10/20/09 3:25:28 PM