MESSAGE

“Don’t just learn; experience

Don’t just read; absorb
Don’t just think; ponder
Don’t just dream; do”
Mathematics provides an effective way of building mental discipline
and encourages logical reasoning and mental rigour. Mathematics is
not a spectator sport, it requires regular practice to master.
Mathematics is the cradle of all subjects without which nothing is
possible. Everyone needs mathematics in their day to day life. Anyone
can be a mathematician if one is given proper guidance and training
in the formative period of life. The greatest hurdle in the process of
learning mathematics is lack of practice. To tackle this problem, we,
mathematics department of Vivekanand School have put together all
important questions in the form of Assignment booklet. It contains
chapter wise concepts, formulae and HOTS for your ready reference.
Practicing these questions will not only strengthen your concepts and
help you to improve your grades but also build confidence in your
ability to solve complex problems. Studying math is a hands on activity
that requires practice and persistence. To learn mathematics is
mathematics to do.
Best of luck with your math studies!

Mathematics Department.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -1-

 CONTENT

S. No. CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.

1. Real Numbers 3-11

2. Polynomials 12-21

3. Pair of Linear Equations in two variables 22-32

4. Quadratic Equations 33-41

5. Arithmetic Progressions 42-51

6. Triangles 52-64

7. Coordinate Geometry 65-74

8. Introduction to Trigonometry 75-84

9. Same applications of Trigonometry 85-96

10. Circles 97-112

11. Areas related to Circles 113-127

12. Surface Areas and Volumes 128-138

13. Statistics 139-149

14. Probability 150-158

-2- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -3-
 CHAPTER 1
REAL NUMBERS
MCQ
1. LCM of 23 x 32 and 23 x 33 is:
a. 23 b. 33 c. 23 × 33 d. 2 2 × 32
2. 4 bells toll together at 9:00 am. They toll after 7, 8, 11 and 12 seconds
respectively. How many times it will ring together again in next 3 hours:
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
3. Find x and y in the given figure:

a. x=84, y=21 b. y=84,x=21

c. x=12,y=28 d. None of these
4. LCM of the given number ‘x’ and ‘y’ where y is a multiple of ‘x’ is given by:
a. x b. y c. xy d. x/y
5. The least number that is divisible by all the numbers from 1 to 5 (both
inclusive) is:
a. 5 b. 60 c. 20 d. 100
6. What is the HCF of two consecutive numbers a and b:
a. 1 b. a c. b d. ab
7. Sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime factorisation of 250 is:
a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 5
8. If n=7×54×34×23 then number will end with how many consecutive zeros:
a. 3 b. 4 c. 12 d. 7
9. If the product of two numbers is 1050 and their HCF is 25, find their LCM.
a. 125 b. 40 c. 42 d. None of these
10. HCF of largest one digit composite no and smallest odd prime no. is:
a. 1 b. 3 c. 2 d. None of these
11. HCF × LCM for the numbers 50 and 20 is
a. 10 b. 100 c. 1000 d. 50
12. If HCF (27, 120) = 24, then LCM (72, 120) is
a. 240 b. 360 c. 1728 d. 2880
13. Given that LCM (91, 26) = 182, then HCF (91, 26) is

-4- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 a. 13 b. 26 c. 17 d. 9
14. If the HCF and LCM of two natural numbers are 12 and 180, and one of the
numbers is 36, then the other number is
a. 540 b. 180 c. 60 d. 12
15. If HCF (a, 8) = 4 and LCM (a, 8) = 24, then a is
a 8 b. 10 c. 12 d. 14
16. Given that HCF (2520, 6600) = 120 and LCM (2520, 6600) = 252 k, then the
value of k is
a. 165 b. 550 c. 990 d. 1650
17. If the HCF of 65 and 117 is expressible in the form 65 m – 117, then the
value of m is
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
18. The product of the HCF and LCM of the smallest prime number and the
smallest composite number is:
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
19. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x 3y2 and b =xy3, where x, y
are prime numbers, then HCF (a, b) is
a. xy b. xy2 c. x 3y 3 d. x 2y 2
20. If two positive integers p and q can be expressed as p = ab 2 and q = a3b,
where a, b are prime numbers that LCM (p, q) is
a. ab b. a2 b 2 c. a3b2 d. a3 b 3
2 marks
LEVEL 1
1. Why 5x6x7x11-2x3x7x11 is a composite number.

2. Write two rational no. between 2 and 3.

3. If the HCF of a and b is 15 and axb=4500, then find LCM of a and b
4. State fundamental theorem of arithmetic
LEVEL 2
5. Can two numbers have HCF 12 and 350 as their LCM?
6. Show that 12n cannot end with the digit 0 and 5 for any natural number n
7. Given that LCM (91, 26) = 182, then find HCF (91, 26).
8. Is there any natural number n for which (15) n is an even no.
LEVEL 3
9. If a and b are two positive integers such that a = 14b. Find the HCF of a and
b.

10. Prove that 2+ 3 is irrational, given that 3 is irrational

3 marks
LEVEL 1

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -5-

1. If two positive integers p and q are written as p=a 2b3 and q = a3b; a, b are
prime numbers, then verify:
LCM (p, q) ×HCF (p, q) = pq
2. If HCF of 506 and 1155 is expressible in form 506 d+ 1155 x(-7), find the
value of d.

3. Prove that 1/ 2 is irrational.

4. Prove that 5  2 3 is irrational.

5. Floor of a room is to be fitted with square marble tiles of the largest possible
size. The size of the room is 10 m × 7 m. What should be the size of tiles
required that has to be cut and how many such tiles are required?
LEVEL 2
6. Determine the smallest number which leaves remainder 6 and 10 when
divided by 24 and 28 respectively.
7. The numbers 625 and 2000 are both divisible only by 5, 25 and 125. What is
the HCF of the numbers?
8. Atul, Ravi and Tarun go for a morning walk. They step off together and their
steps measure 40cm, 42 cm and 45 cm respectively. What is the minimum
distance each should walk so that each can cover the same distance in
complete steps?
LEVEL 3
9. Find the smallest no. which when divided by 35, 56, 91 leaves remainder 3
in each case .
10. Find the greatest 5 digit number exactly divisible by 24, 15, 36.
(Hint LCM =360, Reqd. no. 99999 - remainder when 99999 is divided by
360)
5 marks
LEVEL 1
1. The least number that is divisible by all the numbers from 1 to 10 (both
inclusive) is?
2. The LCM of two numbers is 45 times their HCF. If one of the numbers is 225
and the sum of their HCF and LCM is 1150, find the other number.
LEVEL 2
3. 144 cartons of coke cans and 90 cartons of pepsi cans are to be stacked in a
canteen. If each stack is of same height and is to contain cartons of the same
drink, what would be the greatest number of cartons each stack would have?
4. In a seminar the number of participants in Mathematics, Physics and Biology
are 336, 240 and 96. Find the minimum number of rooms required if in
each room same number of participants is to be seated and all of them
being in the same subject
LEVEL 3
5. 105 boys and 140 girls had gone for an excursion party. There it was required
to divide girls and boys in different groups such that in a group either all
-6- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 girls or all boys should be there. Also no. of students should be the same in
all groups and no boy or girl is left over. What should be the maximum no.
of students in a group so that minimum no. of groups are formed? Also find
how many groups are formed?
6. A class of 20 boys and 15 girls is divided into n groups so that each group
has x boys and y girls. Find x, y.
7. There are 104 students in class X and 96 students in class IX in a school. In
a house examination, the students are to be evenly seated in parallel rows
such that no two adjacent rows are of the same class.
a. Find the maximum number of parallel rows of each class for the seating
arrangement.
b. Also find the number of students of class IX and also of class X in a row.

ASSERTION AND REASONING

The following questions consist of two statements -Assertion(A) and REASON(R).
Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below.:
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation for A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct explanation for A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
1. Assertion (A): Two numbers can have 16 as HCF and 350 as LCM.
Reason (R): LCM is always divisible by HCF.
2. Assertion (A): (32, 62) is a pair of co-primes.
Reason (R): HCF of co prime numbers is 1.
3. Assertion (A): When a positive integer a is divided by 4, the values of remainder
can be 0, 1, 2 or 3.
Reason (R): According to Euclid’s Division Lemma a = bq + r, where 0  r < b
and r is an integer.
4. Assertion (A): The HCF of two numbers is 18 and their product is 3072. Then
their LCM = 169.
Reason (R): If a, b are two positive integers, then HCF × LCM = a × b.
5. Assretion (A): 12n ends with the digit zero, where n is natural number.
Reason (R): Any number ends with digit zero, if its prime factor is of the form
2m × 5n, where m, n are natural numbers.
CASE STUDY (4 Marks)
To enhance the reading skills of grade X students, the school nominates you and
two of your friends to set up a class library. There are two sections- section A and
section B of grade X. There are 32 students in section A and 36 students in section
B.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -7-

1. What is the minimum number of books you will acquire for the class library,
so that they can be distributed equally among students of Section A or
Section B?
2. If the product of two positive integers is equal to the product of their HCF
and LCM is true then, then find HCF (32,36)

CASE STUDY 2
Rohit Singh is a worker in a petrol pump. He along with the other co-workers.
used to transfer petrol from tanker to storage. On Monday. there were two tankers
containing 850 litres and 680 liters of petrol respectively.

1. What is the maximum capacity of a counter which can measure the petrol of
either tanker in exact no. of times?
2. The product of two positive integers is equal to the product of their HCF and
LCM is true then. The LCM (850,680) is:
3. 680 can be expressed as product of primes as:
4. 2x3x5x11x17+11 is a:
5. If P and Q are positive integers such that P= a 3b2 and Q=a2b3, where a and b
are prime numbers, then the LCM(P,Q) is:

-8- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

CASE STUDY 3
Srikanth has made a project on real numbers, where he finely explained the
applicability of exponential laws and divisibility conditions on real numbers. He
also included some assessment questions at the end of his project as listed below.
Answer them.
1. For what value of n, 4n ends in 0?
2. If a is a positive rational number and n is a positive integer greater than 1,
then for what value of n, an is a rational number?
3. If x and y are two odd positive integers, is n 2–y2 is odd or even.
4. The statement ‘One of every three consecutive positive integers is divisible
by 3’ is true or false.
5. If n is any odd integer, then n2 –1 is divisible by ............. .

CASE STUDY 4
Real numbers are extremely useful in everyday life. That is probably one of the
main reasons we all learn how to count and add and subtract from a very young
age. Real numbers help us to count and to measure out quantities of different
items in various fields like retail, buying, catering, publishing etc. Every normal
person uses real numbers in his daily life. After knowing the importance of real
numbers, try and improve your knowledge about them by answering the following
questinons on real life based situations.
1. Three people go for a morning walk together from the same place. Their
steps mesure 80 cm, 85 cm and 90 cm respectively. What is the minimum
distance travelled when they meet at first time after starting the walk assuming
that their walking speed is same?
2. In a school Independence Day parade, a group of 594 students need to
march behind a band of 189 members. The two groups have to march in the
same number of columns. What is maximum number of columns in which
they can march.
3. Two tankers contain 768 litres and 420 litres of fuel respectively. Find the
maximum capacity of the container which can measure the fuel of either
tanker exactly.
4. The dimensions of a room are 8 m 25 cm, 6 m 75 cm and 4 m 50. Find the
length of the largest measuring rod which can measure the dimensions of
room exactly.
5. Pens are sold in pack of 8 and notepads are sold in park of 12. Find the least
number of pack of each type that one should buy so that there are equal
number of pens and notepads.

CASE STUDY 5
In a classroom activity on real numbers, the students have to pick a number card
from a pile and frame questions on it if it is not a rational number for the rest of
the class. The number cards picked up by first 5 students and their questions on
the numbres for the rest of the class are as shown below. Answer them.
1. Suraj picked up 8 and his question was - Which of the following is true
about 8 (rational/irrational)?
MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -9-
2. Shreya picked up ‘BONUS’ and her question was - 3 5 irrational or
rational.
3. Ananya picked up 15  10 and her question was - 15  10 is ............
number
1 1
4. Suman pikced up and her question was - is ........ number.
5 5

SOLUTIONS
MCQ
1. c) 23 × 33 11. (c)
2. c) 5 12. (b)
3. b) y=84,x=21 13. (a)
4. b) y 14. (c)
5. b) 60 15. (c)
6. a) 1 16. (b)
7. b) 4 17. (b)
8. a) 3 18. (d)
9. c) 42 19. (b)
10. b) 3 20. (c)
2 marks
LEVEL 1 2) 1.5, 1.6 3) 300
LEVEL 2 5) No 6) 12 = 22×3 does not contain 5 7) 13 8) No
LEVEL 3 9) B

3 marks
LEVEL 1 2) 16 5)1m × 1m size and 70 square tiles
LEVEL 2 6) 150 7)125 8) 2520 cm
LEVEL 3 9) 3647 10)99720

5 marks
LEVEL 1 1) 2520 2)125
LEVEL 2 3)18. 4)14
LEVEL 3 5) 35,7 6) x=4,y=3

7. a) maximum number of parallel rows would be 12+13= 25. And, 200/8 =25.
b) Number of students in each row would be 8

-10- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

ASSERTION REASON
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (d)

CASE STUDY 1
1) 288 books 2) HCF = 4
CASE STUDY 2
1. (c) 170 liters 2. (c) 3400 3. (c) 23 ×5×7
4. (b) Composite No. 5. (b) a3b3
CASE STUDY 3
1. no value of n 2. for all n> 1
4. always true 5. 8
CASE STUDY 4
1. 12240 cm 2. 27 3. 12 litres 4. 27 cm
5. 3 and 2
CASE STUDY 5
1. It is irrational number 2. irrational
3. an irrational 4. an irrational

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -11-

-12- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 CHAPTER - 2
POLYNOMIALS

MCQ
1. A polynomial of degree n has:
a. only 1 zero b. exactly n zeroes
c. at most n zeroes d. more than n zeroes
2. A quadratic polynomial whose one zero is 6 and sum of zeroes is 0, is:
a. x2-6x +2 b. x2-36 c. x2-6 d. x2-3
3. The graph of p(x) cuts x-axis at 2 places and touches it at 4 places. The
number of zeroes of p(x) is:
a. 2 b. 6 c. 8 d. 4
4. Which of the following is a polynomial?

a. x2 +1/x2 b. 2x2- +1 c. 2x2–x–2+7 d. 3x2-3x+1

5. The number of polynomials having zeroes as -2 and 5 :

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. more than 3
6. The graph of the polynomial ax2+bx+c + bx is an upward parabola if:
a. a>0 b. a<0 c. a=0 d. None
7. A quadratic polynomial whose sum of the zeroes is 2 and product is 1 is
given by:
a. x2-2x+1 b. x2+2x +1 c. X2+2x-1 d. x2-2x-1
8. The zeroes of x2-2x-8 are:
a. (2,-4) b. (4,-2) c. (-2,-2) d. (-4,-4)
9. If the sum of zeroes of x +3x + 5k is equal to their product, find k?
a. -3/5 b. -5/3 c. 3/5 d. 5/3
10. If one of the zeroes of the polynomial ax 2 +6x+2 is -1, find value of a:
a. 2 b. 6 c. 8 d. 4
11. If one zero of hte quadratic polynomial x 2 + 3x + k, then the value of k is
a. 10 b. –10 c. 5 d. –5
12. If –3 is one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial (k –1) x 2 + kx – 3, then
the value of k is

1 1
a.  b. c. –2 d. 2
2 2
13. If the polynomial x4 – 2x3 – 8x2 + mx – 5 is exactly divisible by x + 3, then m is
equal to

50 50 58 58
a.  b. c. d. 
3 3 3 3

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -13-

14. The product and the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial 2x 2  2 2x  1 are
respectively

1 1
a. and  2 b. – and 2
2 2

1 1
c. and 2 d. 2 and 2
2

1
15. If  and are the zeroes of the polynomial 6x2 + 11x – (k – 2), then the

value of k is
a. –4 b. –6 c. 6 d. 4
16. If  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial 2x2 + 7x – 3, then the value of
 2   2 is

49 37 61 61
a. b. c. d.
4 4 4 2

1
17. A quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of zeroes are and –1
4
respectively is
a. 2x2 – 4x – 3 b. 2x2 +x – 6
c. 2x2 – x – 6 d. 2x2 – 2x – 6

3
18. A quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 2 and  is
2
a. 2x 2  4 x  3 b. 2x 2  x  6
c. 2x 2  x  6 d. 2x 2  2x  6
19. The number of polynomials having zeroes as –2 and 5 is
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. more than 3

3
20. If the sum of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial 2x 3 – kx2 – 8x – 12 is  ,
2
then the value of k is

1 1
a. 3 b. –3 c. d. 
3 3
ASSERTION AND REASONING
The following questions consist of two statements- Assertion(A) and REASON (R).
Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation for A
b. Both A and R are true and R is not correct explanation for A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true
-14- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
1. Assertion(A): If both zeroes of x2-2kx +2 are equal in magnitude but opposite
in sign then value of k is ½
Reason (R): Sum of zeroes of a polynomial ax 2 + bx +c = 0 is -b/a
2. Assertion (A): The graph y = f(x) is shown in figure, for the polynomial f(x).
The number of zeros of f(x) is 3
Reason(R): No. of zeroes is equal to no. of points the graph of p(x) cuts x-axis:

3. Assertion (A): P (x )  4x 3  x 2  5x 4  3x  2 is a polynomial of degree 3.

Reason (R): The highest power of x in the polynomial P(x) is the degree of the
polynomial.
4. Assertion (A): x3 + x has only one real zero.
Reason (R): A polynomial of nth degree must have n real zeroes.

Assertion (A): If one zero of poly-nomial p(x )  k  4  x  13x  4k reciprocal

2 2
5.
of other, then k = 2.
Reason (R): If (x – a) is a factor of p(x), then p(a) = 0 i.e. a is a zero of p(x).
2 marks
LEVEL 1
1. Write degree of a quadratic and bi quadratic polynomial.

2. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are ± 2 .

3. Find a quadratic polynomial, whose sum and product of zeroes are 3 and 2
respectively
4. Find the sum of zeroes of the polynomial 3x 2 -5x +1
LEVEL 2
5. If one of the zeroes of the polynomial 4x 2 -8x -k, is negative reciprocal of the
other then find the value of k
6. If the product of zeroes of the polynomial ax 2 - 6x - 6 is 4, find the value of ‘a’.
7. If the sum of the squares of zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x)= x 2-8x+k
is 40, find the value of k.
LEVEL 3

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -15-

8. Find value of m if one zeroes of the polynomial x 2 - 6x + m is double the
other.
9. If 2 and 3 are zeroes of 3x2–2kx+2m, find k and m
10. If one zero of the polynomials 3x2+(2k+7)x-4 is negative of the other, find the
value of k & hence find the zeroes.
3 marks
LEVEL 1
1. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 9x2 - 6x +1 and verify the
relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients.

2. If  and  are zeroes of polynomial 2x2-4x + 5, find the value of +

3. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 5  3 2 and 5  3 2 .

1 1
4. If  and  are zeroes of polynomial x2 - 5x +4, find the value of   2
 
LEVEL 2
5. If  and  are zeroes of polynomial x2 -5x + k = 0 are such that  –  = 1.
Find the value of k.
6. If one zero of the polynomial (a2-9) x2 + 13x+ 6a is reciprocal of the other,
find the value of ‘a’.
7. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes exceed the zeroes of x 2 – 5x +6, by
2.
LEVEL 3
8. If  and  are zeroes of polynomial x2 + 3x – 10, then obtain a quadratic
polynomial whose zeroes are   2 and 2   .
9. If r, s are the zeroes of f(x) = kx2–2x+3k & r+s=rs, find k.
10. If one zero of p(x)=(k2+4)x2 +13x+4k is reciprocal of other, show that k=2
5 marks
LEVEL 1
1. If the sum of squares of zeroes of x2-8x+k is 40, find k.
2. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x 2 + (a +1) x+ b are 2 and -3, then
find a and b
3. Find the zeroes of the polynomial p(x)=a(x 2+1)-x(a2+1) and verify the relation
between zeroes & coefficients.
LEVEL 2
4. If  and  are zeroes of the polynomial x2 + px + 45 and (  –  )2= 144, then
find p
5. Find the value of k such that 3x2 +2kx + x – k –5 has the sum of zeroes as
half of their product.

-16- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

6. If Sum of zeros of a polynomial  +  = -8 and product of zeroes   = 6
then form a polynomial whose zeroes are (  -  ) and (  +  ).
LEVEL 3
7. If and  are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x 2 - 6x+ a; find the value of
a if 3  +2  =20.
8. If the squared difference of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x)=x2+3x+k
is equal to 3, find the value of k.

9. If  and  are the zeroes of x2- 4x-12, find value of  3    3

10. If r and s are the zeroes of quadratic polynomial f(x)=x 2-p(x+1)-c, show that
(r+1)(s+1)=1-c.

CASE STUDY (4 Marks)

Honeycomb
While playing in the garden, Sahiba saw a honeycomb and asked her mother what
it was. She replied that it’s a honeycomb made by honey bees to store honey. Also
she told her that the shape of the honeycomb formed is parabolic. The mathematical
representation of the honeycomb structure is shown in the graph:

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(i) Graph of a quadratic polynomial is ................ in shape.
(ii) The expression of the polynomial represented by the graph
(iii) Find the value of the polynomial represented by the graph when x=6:
(iv) The sum of zeroes of the polynomial x 2+2x-3
(v) If the sum of zeroes of polynomial at 2+5t+3a is equal to their product, then
find the value of a:
CASE STUDY 2:
A teacher while giving a demonstration during class uses a slingy toy and places it
on the table as shown. She also observes that the toy has taken the shape of a
graph of a polynomial. The mathematical representation of the graph is given
below.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -17-

1. What is the expression for a polynomial represented by the graph.
2. If  and  are zeroes of polynomial represented by the graph find the value
of      .
2 2

CASE STUDY 3
The figure given alongside shows the path of a diver, when she takes a jump from
the diving board. Clearly it is a parabola.
Annie was standing on a diving board, 48 feet above the water level. She took a
dive into the pool. Her height (in feet) above the water level at any time ‘t’ in
seconds is given by the polynomial h(t) such that:
h(t)= -16t2 + 8t+ k.

1. What is the value of k?

2. At what time will she touch the water in the pool?
3. Rita’s height (in feet) above the water level is given by another polynomial
p(t) with zeroes -1and 2. Then p(t) is given by- ............. Polynomial
4. A polynomial q(t) with sum of zeroes as 1 and the product as – 6 is modelling
Anu’s height in feet above the water at any time t (in seconds). Then q(t) is
given by: ............. Polynomial
5. The zeroes of the polynomial r(t)= -12t 2 + (k-3)t +48 are negative of each
other. Then k is:

-18- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

CASE STUDY 4
ABC construction company got the contract of making speed humps on roads.
Speed humps are parabolic in shape and prevents overspeeding, minismise
accidents and gives a chance for pedestrains to cross the road. The mathematical
representation of a speed hump is shown in the given graph.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. The polynomial represented by the graph can be ....... polynomial.
2. The zeroes of the polynomial represented by the graph
3. The sum of zeroes of the polynomial represented by the graph
4. If  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial represented by the graph such
that    , then |8   |
5. The expression of the polynomial represented by the graph

CASE STUDY 5
While playing in garden, Sahiba saw a honeycomb and asked her monther what is
that. She replied that it’s a honeycomb made by honey bees to store honey. Also,
she told her that the shape of the honeycomb formed is parabolic. The mathematical
representation of the honeycomb structure is shown in the graph.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -19-

1. Graph of a quadratic polynomial is .......... in shape.
2. The expression of the polynomial represented by the graph
3. Find the value of the polynomial represented by the graph when x = 6.
4. The sum of zeroes of the polynomial x 2 + 2x – 3
5. If the sum of zeroes of polynomial at2 + 5t + 3a is equal to their product, then
find the value of a.

SOLUTIONS
MCQ
1. c) at most n zeroes 2. b) x2-36 3. b) 6 4. d) 3x2-3x+1
5. d) more than 3 6. a) a >0 7. a) x2-2x+1
8. b) (4,-2) 9. a)-3/5 10. d) 4
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (d)
17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (d)
ASSERTION AND REASON
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b)

2 marks
LEVEL 1
1) 2 and 4 2) x2-2 3) X2 – 3x+2 4) 5/3

LEVEL 2 5) k=4 6) a=-3/2 7) K=12

7 2
LEVEL 3 8) m=8 9) k= 15/2, m=9 10) k= ,
2 3
3 marks

LEVEL 1

1 1 2 2
1) x , 2) 3) x2-10x+7 4) -27/4
3 3 5

LEVEL 2
5) k= 6 6.) a 3 7) x2–9x + 20

LEVEL 3

2
8) x2 + 9x + 8 9) k 
3
-20- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
5 marks
LEVEL 1
1) k=12 2) a=0, b=-6

LEVEL 2

4) p=  18 5) k=1
2
 
6) x  8  2 10 x  16 10  0

LEVEL 3
7) a=-16 8) k=2 9) -480

CASE STUDY 1

1) b) parabolic shape 2) (c) x 2  36 3. (c) 0

4) -2 5) a=-5/3

CASE STUDY 2

1. p(x) = x 2  2x  3

2).       4  3  7
2 2

CASE STUDY 3

1) 48 2) b) 2 seconds 3) d) -24t2 + 24t + 48

4. c) -8t2+8t+48 5) a) 3

CASE STUDY 4
1. Quadratic 2. –1, 5 3. 4 4. 3
5. –x2+4x+5

CASE STUDY 5
1. parabolic 2. x2 – 36 3. 9 4. –2

5
5.
3

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -21-

-22- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 CHAPTER - 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
One Mark Questions:
MCQ
1. The pair of linear equations x – 2y = 5 and 2x – 4y = 1 have:
(a) Many solutions (b) No solution
(c) One solution (d) Two solutions
2. The pair of linear equations x – 2y = 0 and 3x + 4y = 20 have:
(a) One solution (b) Two solution
(c) Many solution (d) No solutions
3. The value of c for which the pair of equations cx – y = 2 and 6x – 2y = 4 will
have infinitely many solutions is
(a) 3 (b) –3 (c) –12 (d) No alue
4. The value of k for whcih the pair of linear equations 4x – 6y – 1 = 0 and 2x +
ky – 7 = 0 represents parallel lines is
(a) k = –3 (b) k=2 (c) k=4 (d) k = –2
5. The pair of equations x = 2 and y = 3 graphically represent lines which are:
(a) coincident (b) parallel
(c) intersecting at (3, 2) (d) intersecting at (2, 3)
6. Solution of the system of equations 2x  5x  0 and 5x  2x  0 is

(a) x  2, y  5 (b) x  5, y  2

(c) x = 0, y = 0 (d) x   2, y  0
7. The pair of equations ax + 2y = 7 and 3x + by = 16 represent parallel lines if:
(a) a=b (b) 3a = 2b (c) 2a = 3b (d) ab = 6
8. If x = a, y = b is the solution of the equations x – y = 2 and x + y = 4, then the
values of a and b are, respectively
(a) 3 and 1 (b) 5 and 3 (c) 3 and 5 (d) –1 and –3
9. The lines represented by the equations a 1x + b1y + c1=0 and a2x + b2y + c2 =
0 are coincident if
a1 b1 a1 b1 c1
(a)  (b)  
a 2 b2 a 2 b2 c 2

a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
(c)   (d)  
a 2 b2 c 2 a 2 b2 c 2
10. The pair of linear equations 3x – 5y = 7 and 6x – 10y = 7 has
(a) one solution (b) two solutions
(c) infinitely solutions (d) no solution
11. If the lines represented by 3x  2ky  2 and 2x  5y  1  0 are parallel, then
the value of k is

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -23-

 5 2 15 3
(a)  (b) (c) (d)
4 5 4 2
12. For which value (s) of p, will the lines represented by the following pair of
linear equations 3x  y  5  0, 6x  2y  p  0 will be parallel?
(a) all real numbers except 10 (b) 10
5 1
(c) (d)
2 2
13. The value(s) of k for which the pair of linear equations 3x – 2y – 7 =0 and 6x
+ ky + 11 = 0 have a unique solution is (are)
(a) 4 (b) all real numbers except 4
(c) –4 (d) all real numbers excpet –4
14. The value of c for which the pair of equatons cx – y = 2 and 6x – 2y = 3 will
have infinitely solutions is
(a) 3 (b) –3 (c) –12 (d) no value
15. One equation of a pair of dependent linear equations is –15x + 7y = 2. The
second equation can be
(a) 10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (b) –10x – 14y + 4 = 0
(c) –10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (d) 10x – 14y= –4
16. If the pair of linear equations 2x + ky = 7 and 3x – 9y = 12 is consistent and
independent, then the value(s) of k is (are)
(a) 6 (b) all real numbers except 6
(c) –6 (d) all real numbers except –6
17. If x = a, y = b is the solution of the equations x – y = 2 and x + y = 4, then the
values of a and b are, respectively
(a) 3 and 5 (b) 5 and 3 (c) 3 and 1 (d) –1 and –3
4 3
18. The solution of the system of equations  5y  7 and  4y  5 is
x x

1 1
(a) x , y  1 (b) x  ,y  1
x 3
(c) x  3, y  1 (d) x  3, y  1
19. The sum of two natural numbers is 25 and their difference is 7. The numbers
are
(a) 17 and 8 (b) 16 and 9 (c) 18 and 7 (d) 15 and 10
20. The sum of two natural numbers is 240 and their ratio is 3:5. Then the
greater number is
(a) 180 (b) 160 (c) 150 (d) 90
ASSERTION REASON:
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (a) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct

-24- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (r) is true.
1. Assertion : Pair of linear equations: 9x + 3y + 12 = 0, 8x + 6y + 24 = 0 have
infinitely many solutions.
Reason : Pair of linear equations a 1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 have
a1 b1 c1
infinitely many solutions, if a  b  c
2 2 2

2. Assertion : If kx – y – 2 = 0 and 6x – 2y – 3 = 0 are inconsistent, then k = 3

a1 b1 c1
Reason : a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are inconsistent of a  b  c
2 2 2

3. Assertion (A): The linear equations x – 2y – 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 20 = 0 have

exactly one solution.
Reason (R): The linear equations 2x + 3y – 9 = 0 and 4x + 6y – 18 = 0 have a
unique solution.
4. Assertion (A): If the pair of lines are coincident, then we say that pair of lines
is consistent and it has a unique solution.
Reason (R): If the pair of lines are parallel, then the pair has no solution and
is called inconsistent pair of equations.
5. Assertion (A): The graph of the linear equations 3x + 2y = 12 and 5x – 2y = 4
gives a pair of intersecting lines.
Reason (R): The graph of linear equations a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2
a1 b1
= 0 gives a pair of intersecting lines of a  b .
2 2

Two Marks Questions:

LEVEL - 1
1. Find the value of k, if the pair of linear equations x – y = 1, x + ky = 5 has a
unique solution x = 2, y = 1.
2. For what value of k, the pair of linear equations x – 3y = 4, 3x + ky = 4 is
consistent.
3. Find the age of the father, if the sum of the ages of a father and his son is
years is 65 and twice the difference of the their ages in years in 50.
4. What is the present age of the man if six years hence, a man’s age will be
three times that age of his son & three years ago, he was nine times as old
as his son.
LEVEL - 2
1. What type of solution that the pair of linear equations x – 2y = 5, 3x + 12 y =
10 has?
2. Find k, for which 3x + 7y = k, 12x + 28y = k + 21 do not have any solution.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -25-

3. How many coins of each kind A man has if he has only 20 paise coins & 25
paise coins in his purse if he has 50 coins in all totalling Rs. 11.25.
LEVEL - 3
1. Find the solution of the pair of linear equation 37x + 43y = 123, 43x + 37y =
117.
x 2y y
2. Solve for x and y :   1, x   3
2 3 3
3. Draw the graph of the following equation x + y = 5, 3x – y = 3. Shade the
region bounded by these lines and x-axis. Also, find the coordinates of the
points where the liens meet the x-axis.

Three Marks Questions:

LEVEL - 1
1. Solve the elimination method.
6(ax + by) = 3a + 2b, 6(bx, –ay) = 3b – 2
2. Determine the value of ‘c’ for which the following system of linear equations
has no solution: x + 2y = 3, (c – 1)x + (c +1)y = c + 2. Solve for x and y.

a  b 
2

3. ax  by  1, bx  ay  1
a 2  b2
4. Find the values of a and b so that the following system of linear equations
have infinitely many solutions.
(2a – 1)x + 3y – 5 = 0, 3x + (b –1)y – 2 = 0
LEVEL - 2
1. Solve the following system of linear equation: 2(ax – by) + (a + 4b) = 0, 2(bx +
ay) + (b – 4a) = 0.
2. A two digit number is 4 times the sum of its digits & twice the product of the
digits. Find the number.
3. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically:
3x + y – 12 = 0, x – 3y + 6 = 0. Shade the region bounded by these lines & x-
axis. Also find the ratio of areas of  's formed by given lines with x-axis & y-
axis.
LEVEL - 3

a 2 b2 a 2b b 2a
1. Solve for x and y:   0,   a  b, x , y  0
x y x y
2. A man starts his job with certain monthly salary & earns a fixed increment
every year. If his salary was Rs. 1500/- after 4 years of service & Rs. 1800/-
after 10 years of service, what was his starting salary & what is the annual
increment? (Hint : let starting salary be x & find annual increment be y).

Five Marks Questions:

LEVEL - 1

-26- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

1. Father’s age is 3 times the sum of ages of his two children. After 5 years, his
age will be twice the sum of the ages of two children. Find the age of father:
(Hint: let age of father = x & sum of ages of children =y).
2. A part of monthly expenses of a family is constant and the remaining varies
with the price of wheat. When the rate of wheat is Rs. 250 a quintal, the total
expenses of the family are Rs. 1000 & when it is Rs. 250 a quintal, the total
monthly expenses are Rs. 980. Find the total montly expenses of the family
when the cost of wheat is Rs. 350 a quintal.
(Hint: Total expenditure = constant expenditure + consumption x rate per
quintal).
3. A and B each have certain numbers of mangoes. A says to B “If you gve me
30 of your mangoes, I will have twice as many as left with you.” B replies, “if
you give me 10, I will have thrice as many as left with you”. How many
mangoes does each have.
4. X takes 3 hours more than Y to walk 30 km. But if X doubles his pace, he is
ahead of Y by 1½ hours, find their speed of walking.
LEVEL - 2
1. 90% and 97% pure acid solutions are mixed to obtain 21 litres of 95% pure
acid solution. Find the amount of each type of acid to be mixed to form the
mixture.
2. In an examination students of a class are made to sit in rows. If in each row,
one student is increased, then the number of rows decrease by 2. If one
student is less in each row, then there would be 3 additional rows. Find the
number of students in the class.
3. The ratio of incomes of 2 persons is 9:7 and the ratio of the their expenditure
is 4:3. Each of them manages to save Rs. 2000 per month, half of which they
donate to a charity fund. Find their monthly incomes.
4. The government recently opened a new wild life sanctuary for deer. In the
deer park, the number of heads & the number of legs of deer & visitors were
counted & it was found that there were 39 heads and 132 legs. Find the
number of deer & visitors in the park, using graphically method.
LEVEL - 3
1. From a stationery shop, bought two books of Mathematics & three books of
Physics of class X for Rs. 850 and suman bought three books of Mathematics
and two books of Physics of class X for Rs. 900.
(i) Represent the problem in the form of a pair of linear equations.
(ii) Find the price of one Mathemattics book & one Physics book.
2. Sita Devi wants to make a rectangular pond on the road side for the purpose
of providing drinking water for street animals. The area of the pond will be
decreased by 3 square feet if its length is decreased by 2 ft. and breadth is
increased by 1 ft. Its area will be increased by 4 square feet if the length is
increased by 1 ft. and breadth remains same. Find the dimensions of the
pond.

CASE STUDY: (4 Marks)

1. Sheela went to a fair in her village. She wanted to enjoy rides on the Gaint
Wheel and play Hoopla (a game in which you throw a ring on the items kept
in a stall, and if the ring covers any object completely, you get it). The number
MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -27-
 of times she played Hoopla is half the number of rides she had on the Giant
Wheel. If each ride on the Gaint Wheel costs Rs. 3, and a game of Hoopla
costs Rs. 4, and she spent Rs. 20.
1. What is the more number of times did Sheela played Giant wheel
than she played on hoopla?
2. How much did she spent on playing Hoopla?
3. How many times can she ride on Giant wheel only, if she has Rs. 20?
4. How many times can she ride on Hoopla only, if she has Rs. 20?

2. It is common that Governments revise travel fares from time to time based on
various factors such as inflation (a general increase in prices and fall in the
purchasing value of money) on different types of vehicles like auto, Rickshaws,
taxis, Radio cab etc. The auto charges in a city comprise of a fixed charge
together with the charge for the distance covered. Study the following
situations

Situation 1: In city A, for a journey of 190 km, the charge paid is Rs. 75 and
for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs. 110.]
Situation 2: In acity B, for a journey of 8 km, the charge paid is Rs. 91 and
for a journey of 14 km, the charge paid is Rs. 145.
Refer situation 1
1. If the fixed charges of auto rickshaw be Rs. x and the running charges
be Rs. y km/hr, the pair of linear equations representing the situa-
tion is (Ans. b)
2. A person travels a distance of 50 km. The amount he has to pay is
3. What will a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 30 km?
4. What condition is representing by the equations of line?

3. A part of monthly hostel charges in a college is fixed and the remaining

depends on the number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a

-28- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 student Anu takes food for 25 days, she has to pay 4500 as hostel charges,
whereas another student Bindu who takes food for 30 days, has to pay
5200 as hostel charges.

Considering the fixed charges per month by x and the cost of food per day
y, then answer the following questions.
1. Represent algebraically the situation faced by both Anu and Bindu.
2. The system of linear equations, represented by above situation
3. The cost of food per day
4. The fixed charges per month for the hostel
5. If Bindu takes food for 20 days, then what amount she has to pay?
4. From Bengaluru bus stand, if Riddhima buys 2 tickets of Malleswaram and
3 tickets to Yeswanthpur, then total cost si 46; but if she buys 3 ticket to
Malleswaram and 5 tickets to Yeswanthpur, then total cost is 74.

Consider the fares from Bengaluru to Malleswaram and that to Yeswanthpur

as x and y respectively and answer the following questions.
1. 1st situation can be represented algebraically
2. 2nd situation can be representedalgebraically
3. Fare from Bengaluru to Malleswaram
4. Fare from Bengaluru to Yeswanthpur
5. The system of linear equations represented by bothsituations

5. Points A and B representing Chandigarh and Kurukshetra respectively are

almost 90 km apart from each other on the highway. A car starts from
Chandigarh and another from Kurukshetra at the same time. If these cars
go in the same direction, they meet in 9 hours and if these cars go in opposite
direction they meet in 9/7 hours. Let X and Y be two cars starting from
points A and B respectively and their speed be x km/hr and y km/hr
respectively.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -29-

 Then, answer the following questions.
1. When both cars move in the same direction, then the situation can be
represented algebraically
(a) x – y = 10 (b) x + y = 10 (c) x+y =9 (d) x –y = 9
2. When the cars move in opposite direction, then the situation can be
represented algebraically
(a) x – y = 70 (b) x + y = 90 (c) x + y = 70 (d) x + y = 10
3. what is speed of car X is
(a) 30 km/hr (b) 40 km/hr (c) 50 km/hr (d) 60 km/hr
4. What is the peed for car Y
(a) 50 km/hr (b) 40 km/hr (c) 30 km/hr (d) 60 km/hr
5. If speed of car X and car Y, each is increased by 10 km/hr, and cars
are moving in opposite direction, then after how much time they will
meet?
(a) 5 hrs (b) 4 hrs (c) 2 hrs (d) 1 hr

Answers:
MCQ:
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (c)
7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (a)
13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (a)
19. (b) 20. (c)
Assertion Reason:
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (a)
Two Marks:
Level -1
1. 3 2. k  –9 3. 45 4. 30
Level - 2
1. Unique solution 2. k =7 3. 25
Level - 3

-30- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

1. x = 1, y = 2 2. n =7, y = –3

Three Marks:
Level-1
1 1 a b
1. x ,y  2. c=3 3. x  ,y  2
2 3 a b
2 2
a  b2

17 1
4. x  ,y 
14 15
Level-2
1 1 1
1. x  ,y  2 2. m ,m  3. 36 4. 1:1
2 2 2
Level -3
1. x = a2, y = b2 2. Rs. 1300 & Rs. 50

Five Marks:
Level - 1
1. 45 years 2. Rs. 1200 3. 34, 62
4. 10 km/hr, 5 km/hr
Level -2
1. 61, 15 2. 60
3. Rs. 18000, Rs. 14000, carring good Citizen responsible
4. No. of dear = 27, No. of visitor = 12
Level - 3
1. (i) 2x + 3y = 850, 3x + 2y = 900 (ii) Rs. 200, Rs. 150
2. Length of pond = 7 ft., Breadth of pond = 4 ft.

Case Study-1
1. Half time 2. 8 3. 4 4. 2
Case Study-2
1. x + 10y = 75, x + 15y = 110 2. Rs. 355
3. Rs. 289
Case Study-3
1. x + 25y = 4500, x + 30y = 5200
2. Unique solution
3. 140
4. 1000
5. 3800
Case Study-4

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -31-

1. 2x + 3y = 46
2. 3x + 5y = 74
3. 8
4. 10
5. unique solution
Case Study-5
1. x – y = 10
2. x + y = 70
3. 40 km/hr
4. 30 km/hr
5. 1h

-32- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -33-
 CHAPTER - 4
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
One Mark Questions:
MCQ
1. If the roots of x2 + Kx + 12 = 0 are in the ratio 1:3, then the value of K is equal
to
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
2. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?
(a) (2x – 1) (x – 3) = (x + 5) (x – 1) (b) x2 – 5x + 3 = (x + 2) (x – 2)
(c) x2 – 2x + 2(3 – x) = 0 (d) x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = (x – 2)3
3. If the discriminant of the equation 6x2 + bx + 2 = 0 is 1, then the value of b is
(a) 7 (b) –7 (c) 7 (d) 7
4. If discriminant = 0, then roots of a quadratic equation is
(a) real and equal (b) no real roots
(c) real and distinct (d) none
5. Which of the following equations has the product of its roots as 4?
(a) x2 + 4x + 4 = 0 (b) x2 + 4x – 4 = 0
(c) –x2 + 4x + 4 = 0 (d) x2 + 4x – 24 = 0
6. If the roots of the equation 3x2 – kx + 3 = 0 are real and equal than the value
of k must be:
(a) 6 (b) Between –6 and 6
(c) Greater than 6 (d) Greater than 6 or less than –6
7. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?
(a) 2(x – 1)2 = 4x2 – 2x + 1 (b) (x2 + 2x)2 = x4 + 3 = 4x3

 
2
(c) 2x  3  x 2  3x 2  5 x (d) 2x – x2 = x2 + 5

8. Which of the following equations has 2 as a root?

(a) x 2  4x  5  0 (b) 2x 2  7 x  6  0
(c) x 2  3x  12  0 (d) 3 x 2  6x  2  0
9. Values of k for which the quadratic equation 2x 2  kx  k  0 has equal roots
is
(a) 0 only (b) 4 (c) 8 only (d) 0, 8
10. The quadratic equation 2x 2  5x  1  0 has
(a) two distinct real roots (b) no real roots
(c) two equal real roots (d) more than 2 real roots
11. The roots of the equation x2 – 3x – 10 = 0 are
(a) 2, –5 (b) –2, 5 (c) 2, 5 (d) –2, –5
12. Which of the following equations has its roots as 3?

-34- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 (a) 2x 2  3 x  6  0 (b)  x 2  3x  3  0

3
(c) 2x 2  x 1  0 (d) 3x 2  3x  3  0
2
13. The sum and the product of the roots of the equation 2x 2 + 5x – 3 = 0 are
respectively
5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3
(a) and  (b)  and (c) and (d)  and –
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

5
14. A quadratic equation whose sum and product of roots are  and –1
6
respectively is
(a) 6x 2  5 x  6  0 (b) 6x 2  x  6  0
(c) 6x 2  5 x  6  0 (d) 6x 2  5 x  6  0
1 1
15. If  and  are roots of the equation 2x 2  5 x  3  0 , then the value of 
 
is
5 3 5 3
(a) (b) (c)  (d) 
3 5 3 5

16. If  and  are roots of the equation 2x 2  3 3x  6  0 , then the value of

 2   2 is

3 51 33 39
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 4 4

17. If –3 and 2 are roots of the quadratic equation x 2  ( p  2)x  q  0 , then the
values of p and q are
(a) p = 3, q = –6 (b) p = –3, q = 6
(c) p = –3, q = –6 (d) p = 3, q = 6
18. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2  (2x  1)x  (k  4)  0 is
equal to the product of its roots, then the value of k is
(a) –3 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 0
19. If one root of the quadratic equation ax 2  bx  c  0 is the reciprocal of the
other, then
(a) b=c (b) a=b (c) ac = 1 (d) a=c
20. If one root of the equation ax 2  bx  c  0 is three times the other, then
b2:ac =
(a) 3:1 (b) 16:3 (c) 3:16 (d) 4:3
ASSERTION REASON:
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -35-

(a) Both Assertion (a) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (r) is true.
a
1. Assertion : The values of x are  , a for a quadratic equation 2x 2  ax  a 2  0
2

b  b 2  4ac
Reason : For quadratic equation ax 2  6x  c  0 , x 
2a
2. Assertion : The equation 8x 2  3kx  2  0 has equal roots then the value of k
8
is  .
3
Reason : The equation ax 2  bx  c  0 has equal roots if D = b2 – 4ac = 0
3. Assertion (A): 4x2 – 12x + 9 = 0 has repeated roots.
Reason (R): The quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 have repeated roots if
discriminatnt D > 0.
4. Assertion (A): The equation x2 + 3x + 1 = (x – 2)2 is a quadratic equation.
Reason (R): Any equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a  0 is called a
quadratic equation.
5. Assertion (A): (2x – 1)2 – 4x2 + 5 = 0 is not a quadratic equation.
Reason (R): x = 0, 3 are the roots of the equation 2x 2 – 6x = 0.
Two Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1
1. Find the value of k for which the equation 2x 2  kx  k  0 has equal roots.

2. Find the nature of the roots of 2x 2  5x  1  0 .

3. What kind of roots does x2 + x – 5 =0 has?
LEVEL - 2
1. Solve: 2x2 – 5x + 3 = 0 using discriminant method.
x 1 x  2
2. Solve :  3
x 1 x  2
3. Is x = –2 a solution of the equation x 2  2x  8  0 ?
LEVEL - 3
1. For what value of k are the roots of the quaddratic equation 3x 2  2kx  27  0
real & equal.
2. Find the discriminant of 3 3x 2  10x  3  0
Three Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1

1. Prove that the roots of a  b  x 2  2ax  a  b   0 are real.

-36- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 Solve for x : x 2  2(a 2  b 2 )x  a 2  b 2   0
2
2.

LEVEL - 2
1. Solve by factorisation 3 5x 2  7x  4 5  0
2. Find the value of k for which the roots are real & equal in
kx 2  kx  1  4x 2  x .
3. A two digit number is such that product of digits is 14. When 45 is added to
number, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
4. The sum of ages of man & his son is 45 yrs. Five years ago, the product of
their ages was four times the man’s age at that time. Find their ages.
5. The side in cm, of a right angled triangle containing the right angle are
3(x+1) and 2x – 1. If the area of the triangle is 30 cm 2, find the sides of the
triangle.
LEVEL - 3
4 5 3
1. Rewrite as a quadratic equation & then solve for x : 3  ; x  0,
x 2x  3 2
2. Find the positive value of k, for which the equation x 2  kx  64  0 &
3. If x = 2 & x = 3 are the roots of the equation 3x 2  2kx  2m  0 . Find the
values of k and m.
1 1 1 1
4. Solve for x :   
2a  b  2x 2a b 2x
Five Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1
1. The ratio of areas of a rectangle & square is 21:25. Find the dimension of the
rectangle if their perimeter is 40 unit each.
2. A fast train takes 3 hrs. less than a slow train for a journey of 600 km km. If
speed of slow train is 10 km/hr less than then the faster train, find the
speed of the two trains. (Ans. 40 km/hr, 50 km/hr)

Solve for x : 9x  6a x  a  b   0
2 2 4 4
3.
4. The speed of a boat in still water is 11 km/hr. It can go 12 km upstream &
return downstream to the original point in 2 hrs. 45 min. Find the speed of
the stream. (Ans. 5 km/hr)
5. If the roots of the equation (b  c )x 2  (c  a )x  (a  b )  0 are equal, then prove
that 2b = a + c.
6. A trader bought the number of articles for Rs. 900. Five articles were found
damaged. He dsold out of the remaining articles at Rs. 2 more than what he
paid for it. He got a profit of Rs. 80 on the whole transcection. Find the
number of articles he bought.
LEVEL - 2

If the roots of the equation a  b  x  2 ac  bd  x  c  d   0 are equal,

2 2 2 2 2
1.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -37-

 a c
prove that  .
b d

If the equation 1  m  x  2mcx  c  a   0 has equal roots, prove that

2 2 2 2
2.

c 2  a 2 1  m 2  .

3. Find the value of 6  6  6  ......

1
2
1
2
1
4. Evaluate : 2
1
2
2

p p n
5. If the ratio of the roots of l 2  nx  n  0 is p:q, prove that   0
q q l
6. Aeroplane left 30 minutes later than its scheduled time & in order to reach
destination 1500 km away in time, it has to increase its speed by 250 km/hr
from its usual speed. Determine its usual speed.
LEVEL - 3
1. In a group of children, each child gives gifts to others. If the no. of gifts is
132, find the number of children.
2. A peacock is sitting on the top of a pillar which is 9 m high. From a point 27
m away from the bottom of the pillar, a snake is comming to its hole at the
base of the pillar. Seeing the snake the peacock punces on it. If their speeds
are equal, at what distance from the hole is the snake caught?
3. A takes 10 days less than the time taken by B to finish a piece of work. If
both A and B together can finish the work in 12 days, find the time taken by
B to finish the work.

If the roots of the equation c  ab  x  2 a  bc  x  b  ac   0 are equal,

2 2 2 2
4.
prove that either a = 0 or a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc .
5. If sin  & cos  are the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 , then prove that a 2  2ac  b 2 .
6. By a reduction of Rs. 1 per kg in price of sugar Mohan can buy 1 kg sugar
more for Rs. 56. Find the original price of sugar per kilogram.
7. Show that the equation has real & distinct roots

 x  a  x  b    x  b  x  c    x  c  x  a   a where a  b  c are real nos.

8. For what value of ‘m’ will the equation 2mx 2 – 2(1 + 2m)x + (3 + 2m) = 0 have
real but distinct roots? When will the roots be equal?
Case Study (4 Marks)
1. Raj and Ajay are very close friends. Both the families decide to go to Ranikhet
by their own cars. Raj’s car travels at a speed of x km/h while Ajay’s car
travels 5 km/h faster than Raj’s car. Raj took 4 hours more than Ajay to
complete the journey of 400 km.
-38- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 (i) What will be the distance covered by Ajay’s car in two hours?
(ii) Which of the following quadratic equation describe the speed of Raj’s
car?
(iii) What is the speed of Raj’s car?
(iv) How much time took Ajay to travel 400 km?

2. The speed of a motor boat is 20 km/hr. For covering the distance of 15 km

the boat took 1 hour more for upstream than downstream.

(i) Let speed of the stream be x km/hr, then speed of the motorboat in
upstream will be
(ii) What is the relation between speed, distance and time?
(iii) Which is the correct quadratic equation for the speed of the current?
(iv) What is the speed of current?

3. A quadratic equation can be defined as an equation of degree 2. This means

that the highest exponent of the polynomial in it is 2. The standard form of a
quadratic equaiton ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are real numbers and
a  0 . Every quadratic equation has two roots depending on the nature of its
discrimiant, D = b2 – 4ac.
Based on the above infomration, answer the following questons.
(i) What is the value rof D if quadratic equation have no real roots?
(ii) Form a quadratic equation whose zeroes are 2 3 and 2 3.
(iii) Form a quadratic equation whose sum and product is 3 and 3.
(iv) If quadratic equations have equal roots?
(v) If quadratic equations has two distinct real roots?

4. In our daily life we use quadratic formula as for calculating areas, determining
a product’s profit or formulating the speed of an object and man more.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) If the roots of the quadratic equation are 2, –3, then form a quadratic
equation is
MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -39-
 (ii) If one root of the quadratic equation 2x 2  kx  1  0 is –1/2, find k =

Form a quadratic equations  x  2   19  0 as ax2 + bx + c

2
(iv)

1 5
(v) If one root of a quadratic equation is , then its other root is
7

5. Quadratic equations started around 300 B.C. with the Babylonians. They
were one of the world’s first civilisation, and came up with some great ideas
like agriculture, irrigation and writing. There were many reasons why
Babylonians needed to solve quadratic equations. For example to know what
amount of crop you can grow on the square field.
Based on the above information, represent the following questions in the
form of quadratic equation.
(i) The sum of squares of two consecutive integers is 650.
(ii) The sum of two numbers is 15 and the sum of their reciprocals is 3/
10.
(iii) Two numbers differ by 3 and their product is 504.
(iv) A natural number whose square diminished by 84 is thirce of 8 more
of given number.
(v) A natural number when increased by 12, equals 160 times its recipro-
cal.

Answers:
MCQ:
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a)
7. (c) 8. b) 9. (d) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (b)
13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (a)
19. (d) 20. (b)
ASSERTION REASON:
1. (d) 2. (a)
Two Marks:
Level - 1
1. 0, 8 2. No real roots 3. Two distinct real roots
Level -2
3
1. x ,1 2. x = –5, 2 3. No
2
Level - 3
1. 9 2. 64
Three Marks:
Level - 1

-40- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

2. x = (a + b)2, (a – b)2
Level - 2

4 5
1. , 2. k=3, k=–1 3. 27 4. 36 & 9 yrs 5. 12 cm, 5
5 3
cm; 13 cm
Level - 3
15 b
1. –2. 1 2. k = 16 3. ,9 4. x = –a, x = 
2 2
Five Marks:
Level -1

a2  b2
1. 14 & 6 units 2. 40 km/hr, 50 km/hr 3. 4.5 km/
3
hr 6. 75
Level - 2
70
3. 3 4. 6. 750 km/hr
29

Level - 3
1. 12 2. 12 m 3. 30 days 6. Rs.8 per kg
Case Study -1
(i) 2(x + 5) km (ii) x 2  5x  500  0 (iii) 20 km/hr (iv) 16 hour
Cast Study - 2
(i) (20 – x) km/hr (ii) distance = (speed)/time
(iii) x + 30x – 400 = 0
2
(iv) 25 km/hr
Cast Study - 3
(i) n 0 (ii) x2 4x 1 0 (iii) n2 3 0
(iv) D 0 (v) D 0

Cast Study - 4
(i) x2  x  6  0 (ii) 3

1 5
(iii) x 2  4x  23  0 (iv)
7
Cast Study - 5
(i) 2x 2  2x  649  0 (ii) x 2  15 x  50  0
(iii) x 3  3x  504  0 (iv) x 2  3x  108  0
(v) x 2  12x  160  0

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -41-

-42- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 CHAPTER 5
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

MCQ
1. How many terms are there in the sequence 9,12,15,...66?
a. 18 b. 19 c. 20 d. 21
2. Find the 6th term from the end of the AP, 17,14,11,..-40:
a. -12 b. -25 c. -24 d. None of these
3. Which of the following is not an A.P.?
a. 1, 4, 7,... b. -5, -2, 1, 4, …
c. 11, 14, 17, 20, ... d. 3, 7, 12, 18, …
4. The sum of first 1000 positive integers is:
a. 50000 b. 500500 c. 10000 d. 100100
5. Which term of the A.P. 21, 18, 15, .... is zero?
a. 8 b. 9 c. 11 d. 10
6. Find 2+4+6+... ...200:
a. 10000 b. 10100 c. 20000 d. None of these

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -43-

7. If the sum of the A.P. 3, 7, 11,.. is 210, then find the number of terms.
a. 10 b. 12 c. 15 d. 22
8. If p -1, p+ 3, 3p -1 are in AP, then p is equal to:
a. 4 b. -4 c. 2 d. -2
9. An AP consist of 31 terms if its 16th term is m, then sum of all the terms of
this AP is:
a. 16 m b. 47 m c. 31 m d. 52 m
10. Which term of AP 5,13,21,..is 181?
a. 15 b. 14 c. 21 d. 23

1 1  6b 1  12b
11. The common difference of the AP , , ,... is
2b 2b 2b
a. 2b b. –2b c. 3 d. –3

12. The next term of th AP 7, 28, 63,.... is

a. 70 b. 84 c. 97 d. 112
13. The 30th term of the AP: 10, 7, 4 ..... is
a. 87 b. 77 c. –77 d. –87

5 5
14. The 11th term of the AP: 5,  ,0, ,.... is
2 2
a. –20 b. 20 c. –30 d. 30
14. The 4th term from the end of the AP: –11, –8, –5, ....., 49 is
a. 37 b. 40 c. 43 d. 58
15. The 15th term from the last of the AP: 7, 10, 13, ....., 130 is
a. 49 b. 85 c. 88 d. 110
16. If the common difference of an AP is 5, then a 18 – a13 is
a. 5 b. 20 c. 25 d. 30
17. In an AP, if a18 – a14 = 32 then the common difference is
a. 8 b. –8 c. –4 d. 4
18. Two APs have the same common difference. The first term of one AP is –1
and that the other is –8. Then the difference between their 4th terms is
a. –1 b. –8 c. 7 d. –9
19. In an AP, if d = –4, n = 7, an = 4, then a is
a. 6 b. 7 c. 20 d. 28
20. In an AP, if a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 101, then a n will be
(a) 0 b. 3.5 c. 103.5 d. 104.5
2 MARKS
LEVEL 1

-44- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

1. Find the next term of the A.P. 2, 8, 18
2. Find the common difference of an AP in which a 18 - a14 = 32
3. Check whether 51 is a term of the AP 5, 8, 11, 14, .... ?
4. For what value of k: 2k, k+ 10 and 3k +2 are in AP?
LEVEL 2
1. How many terms of the AP 18, 16, 14, .... be taken so that their sum is zero?
2. The 7th term of an AP is -4 and its 13th term is –16. Find the AP.
3. If the nth term of an AP is 7-4n. find the common difference.
4. Find the value of the middle term of the following AP -6,-2,2,…..58
LEVEL 3

1 1 3
1. Which term of the progression 20,19 ,18 ,17 ,....... is the first negative
4 2 4
term
2. Find the sum of first hundred even natural numbers, divisible by 5
3. Find the number of terms of the AP 63, 60, 57,…… to be takenso that their
sum is 693. Explain the double answer.
3 MARKS
LEVEL 1
1. The sum of three numbers in AP is 21 and their product is 231. Find the
numbers
2. Find the sum of all the three digit numbers which are divisible by 9
3. If the pth term of an AP is q and the qth term is p, prove that its nth term is
(p+q-n).

1 1
4. If the mth term of an AP is (mn  1 and the nth term is , show that the
n m
1
sum of mn terms is (mn+1).
2
LEVEL 2

1. Find the sum of 2n terms of the series 1 2-22+32-42 …..

2. If 5 times the 5th term of A.P. is equal to 7 times the 7th term, find its 12th
term.

3. If a + b, b +c, c +a are three consecutive terms of an A.P., prove that a =

4. The Sum of n terms of an A.P. is 5n2- 3n. Find the A.P. Hence find its 10th
term.
LEVEL 3
1. The sum of 4th and 8th terms of an A.P. is 24, and the sum of 6th and 10th
terms is 44. Find the A.P.
MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -45-
2. Find the no. of terms of the AP:-12,–9,–6, ......... 21. If 1 is added to each term
of this AP, then find the sum of all the terms thus obtained.
3. Find the sum of all natural numbers between 100 and 500 which are divisible
by 7.
5 MARKS
LEVEL 1
1. 1f 10 times the 10th term of an AP is equal to 15 times the 15th term, show
that its 25th term is 0.
2. In an AP, if a = 1, an = 20, and sn = 399, then find n.
3. The sum of three terms of an A.P. is 21 and the product of the first and the
third terms exceeds the second term by 6, find the three terms.
LEVEL 2
1. If Sn, denotes the sum of the first n terms of an AP, prove that S 30 =3
(S20 - S10).
2. If the mth term of an AP is 1/n and nth term is 1/m, then show that its (mn)th
term is 1.
3. In an A.P. the first term is 2 and the sum of the first five terms is one-fourth
of the next five terms. Find the sum of the first 20 terms.
4. The sum of the first 6 terms of an AP is 42. The ratio of its 10 th term to its 30th
term is 1:3. Find the first and 13th term of the AP.
LEVEL 3
1. Divide 56 into four parts which are in AP such that the ratio of product of
extremes to the product of means is 5:6.
2. An AP consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three middle most terms is 225
and the sum of the last three is 429. Find the AP.
3. If the pth, qth and rth terms of an AP are a, b, c respectively, then show that:
a(q - r)+ b(r- p)+ c(p -q) = 0
4. If in any decreasing arithmetic progression, the sum of all its terms, except
the first term is equal to - 36, the sum of all its terms, except for the last
term is zero and the difference of the tenth and the sixth term is equal to -
16, then find the first term of the series.

ASSERTION AND REASONING

The following questions consists of two statements Assertion(A) and Reason (R),
Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below.:
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation for A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct explanation for A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true

1. Assertion: The sum of first n terms of an A.P is given by Sn = 3n 2-4n. Then

its nth term an=6n-7
-46- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 Reason: nth term of an A.P., whose sum to n terms is Sn is given by an= Sn - Sn-1

2. Assertion: Let the positive numbers a, b, c be in A.P., then , are also

in A.P
Reason: If each term of the A.P. a, b, c is divided by abc , then the resulting
sequence is also in A.P.
3. Assertion (A): Common difference of the AP –5, –1, 3, 7, ..... is 4.
Reason (R): Common difference of the AP a, a + b, a + 2d, ...... is given by d =
2nd term - 1st term.
4. Assertion (A): Sum of first 10 terms of the arithmetic progression –0.5, –1.0,
–1.5, ......is 27.5

n
Reason (R): Sum of n terms of an A.P. is given as Sn  2a  (n  1)d  wehre
2
a = first term, d= common difference.

CASE STUDY -1 (4 Marks)

Number Cards Game Amit was playing a number card game. In the game, some
number cards (having both +ve and -ve numbers) are arranged in a row such that
they are following an arithmetic progression. On his first turn, Amit picks up 6th
and 14th card and finds their sum to be-76. On the second turn he picks up 8th
and 16th card and finds their sum to be -96.Based on the above information,
answer the following questions:

(i) What is the difference between the numbers on any two consecutive cards?
(ii) The sum of numbers of the first 15 cards is ______________.
Case Study-2
Your friend Veer wants to participate in a 200m race. He can currently run that

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -47-

distance in 51 seconds and with each day of practice it takes him 2 seconds less.
He wants to do it in 31 seconds.

1. Which of the following terms are in AP for the given situation:

2. What is the minimum number of days he needs to practice till his goal is
achieved?
3. Which of the following terms is not in the AP of the above given situation?
4. If nth term of an AP is given by an = 2n + 3 then common difference of an AP
5. The value of x, for which 2x, x+ 10, 3x + 2 are three consecutive terms of an
AP:

Case Study -3
In a pathology lab, a culture test has been conducted. In the test, the number of
bacteria taken into consideration in various samples is all 3-digit numbers that
are divisible by 7, taken in order.

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.

1. How many bacteria are considered in the fifth sample?
2. How many samples should be taken into consideration?
3. Find the total number of bacteria in the first 10 samples.
4. How many bacteria are there in the 7th sample from the last?
5. Find the number of bacteria in 50th sample

-48- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

Case Study - 4
In a class the teacher askes every student to write an example of A.P. Two friends
Geeta and Madhuri writes their progressions as –5, –2, 1, 4, ..... and 187, 184,
181, ....... respectively. Now, the teacher asks various students of the class the
following questions on these two progressions. Help students to find the answers
of the questions.

1. Find the 34th term of the progression written by Madhuri.

2. Find the sum of common difference of the two progressions.
3. Find the 19th term of the progression written by Geeta.
4. Find the sum of first 10 terms of the progression written by Geeta.
5. Which term of the two progressions will have the same value?

Case Study-5
Meena’s mother start a new shoe shop. To display the shoes, she put 3 pairs of
shoes in 1st row, 5 pairs in 2nd row, 7 pairs in 3rd row and so on.

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.

(i) If she puts a total of 120 pairs of shoes, then the number of rows required
(ii) Difference of pairs of shoes in 17th row and 10th row
(iii) On next day, she arranges x pairs of shoes in 15 rows, then x =
(iv) Find the pairs of shoes in 30th row.
(v) Find the total number of pairs of shoes in 5th and 8th row

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -49-

Solutions
MCQ
1. c) 2. b) 3. d) 4. b) 5. a)
6. b) 7. a) 8. a) 9. c) 10. d)
2 MARKS
LEVEL 1

1) 4 2 2) d=8 3) No 4) k=6
LEVEL 2:
1) n=19 2) 8,6,4,2,0,..) 3) d= - 4
4) 9th term = 26

LEVEL 3:
1) 28TH 2) 50500 3) n 21, 22

3 MARKS
LEVEL 1:
1) (3,7,11) or (11,7,3) 2) 55,350

LEVEL 2:
1) –n(2n+1) 2) 0 4) 92

LEVEL 3:
1)-13,-8,-3 2) 66 3) 17,157

5 MARKS
LEVEL 1:
2) 38 3) 1,7,13

LEVEL 2:
3) -1100 4) a=2, a13 = 26

LEVEL 3
1) 8,12,16,20 2.3,7,11,15… 4) 16

ASSERTION AND REASONING

1) a 2) a

-50- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

CASE STUDY 1
1) -5 2) -420
CASE STUDY 2
(i) 51, 49, 47.. (ii) 11 (iii) 30
(iv) 2 (v) 6
CASE STUDY 3
(i) 133 (ii) 128 (iii) 1365
(iv) 952 (v) 448
CASE STUDY 4
(i) 88 (ii) 0 (iii) 49
(iv) 85 (v) 33
CASE STUDY 5
(i) 10 (ii) 14 (iii) 31
(iv) 61 (v) 28

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -51-

-52- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 CHAPTER - 6
TRIANGLES
Similar Figures
Two congruent figures are always similar, but two similar figures need not be
always congruent.
Thus, the following figures are always similar, but they need not be always
congruent:
(i) Two line segments
(ii) Two squares
(iii) Two equilateral triangles
(iv) Two circles
Similar Polygons
Two polygons having the same number of sides are similar if
(i) their corresponding angles are equal and
(ii) their corresponding sides are in the same ratio
Similar Triangles
Since triangles are also polygons, therefore the same conditions of similarity are
applicable to them
Two triangles are said to be similar if
(i) their corresponding angles are equal and
(ii) their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion)
Reults on Similar Triangles
Baisc Proportionality Theorem or Thales Theorem
Thorem 6.1: If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other
two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

In ABC , DE  BC and DE interesects AB aat D and AC at E, then

AD AE

DB EC

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -53-

Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem
Theorem 6.2: if a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the
line is parallel to the third side.
We shall consider the following types of questions:
Types 1 : To determine whether the line segment DE intersecting the sides AB
and AC of a triangle ABC at D and E respectively is parallel to BC or
not, when AD, DB, AE and EC or some conditions are given.
Types 2 : To determine the length of one of the four line segements or their
ratios, where D and E are the points on the sides AB and aC or a
ABC such that DE  BC .
Type 3 : To prove some riders of Basic Proportionality Theorem and application
of these riders in solving other problems.

One Mark Questions:

MCQ
1. In figure, BAC  90º and AD  BC . Then

(a) BD.CD=BC2 (b) AB.AC=BC2

(c) BD.CD=AD2 (d) AB.AC=AD2
2. If ABC ~ EDF and ABC is not similar to DEF , then which of the
following is not true:
(a) BC.EF = AC.FD (b) AB.EF = AC.DE
(c) BC.DE = AB.EF (d) BC.DE = AB.FD
3. D and E are respectively the points on the sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC
such that AD = 3 cm, BD = 5 cm, BC = 12.8 cm and DE||BC. Then length of
DE (in cm) is
(a) 4.8 cm (b) 7.6 cm (c) 19.2 cm (d) 2.5 cm

AB BC CA
4. If in two triangles ABC and PQR,   , then
QR PR PQ

(a) PQR ~ CAB (b) PQR ~ ABC

(c) CBA ~ PQR (d) BCA ~ PQR

5. If PRQ ~ XYZ , then

-54- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 PR RQ PQ PR PQ QR QR PR
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
XZ YZ XY XZ XZ YZ XZ XY
6. A square and a rhombus are always
(a) similar (b) congruent
(c) similar but not congruent (d) neither similar nor congruent

7. In triangle ABC and DEF, B  E , F  C and AB = 3DE. Then, the two

triangles are
(a) congruent but not similar (b) similar but not congruent
(c) neither congruent nor similar (d) congruent sas well as similar

8. It is given that ABC ~ DFE , A  30º , C  50º , AB  5cm , AC  8cm and

DF = 7.5 cm. Then, which of the following is true?

(a) DE  12cm , F  50º (b) DE  12cm , F  100º

(c) EF  12cm , D  100º (d) EF  12cm , D  30º

9. Two circles are always

(a) congruent
(b) neither similar not congruent
(c) similar but may not be congruent
(d) none of these
10. In figure, two line segments AC and BD intersect each other at the point P
such that PA = 6 cm, PB = 3 cm, PC = 2.5 cm, PD = 5 cm, APB  50º and
CDP  30º . Then PBA is equal to

(a) 50º (b) 30º (c) 60º (d) 100º

11. Triangle ABC, if AB = 6 3 cm, AC = 12 cm and BC =6 cm, then B is

(a) 120º (b) 60º (c) 90º (d) 45º

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -55-

12. In ABC , DE  BC in given figure, then BD is equal to

(a) 2 cm (b) 8 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 9 cm

13. If Manish goes 3 km towards East and then 4 km towards North. His distance
from starting point is
(a) 3 km (b) 4 km (c) 5 km (d) 2 km

14. If ABC ~ PQR , BC  8cm and QR  6cm , then the ratio of the area of ABC
and PQR is
(a) 8:6 (b) 3:4 (c) 9:16 (d) 16:9

ar  ABC  9
15. If ABC ~ QRP , ar PQR  4 and BC = 15 cm, then the length of PR is
 
equal to

20
(a) 10 cm (b) 12 cm (c) cm (d) 8 cm
3

16. If ABC ~ PQR , area of ABC  81cm 2 , area of PQR  144cm 2 and QR = 6
cm, then length of BC is
(a) 4 cm (b) 4.5 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 12 cm
17. In the adjoining figure, DE||CA and D is a point on BD such that BD:DC =
2:1. The ratio of area of ABC to area of ADE is

(a) 4:1 (b) 9:1 (c) 9:4 (d) 3:2

18. If ABC and BDE are two equilateral triangles such that D is mid-point of BC,
then the ratio of the areas of triangles ABC and BDE is
(a) 2:1 (b) 1:2 (c) 1:4 (d) 4:1

-56- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

19. The areas of two similar triangles are 81 cm 2 and 49 cm2 respectively. If an
altitudes of the smaller triangle is 3.5 cm, then the corresponding altitude
of the bigger triangle is
(a) 9 cm (b) 7 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 4.5 cm

20. Given ABC ~ PQR , area of ABC  54cm 2 and area of PQR  24cm 2 . If
AD and PM are medians of  ' s ABC and PQR respectively, and length of PM
is 10 cm, then length of AD is

49 20
(a) cm (b) cm (c) 15 cm (d) 22.5 cm
9 3
Two Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1
1. A vertical stick 20 m long casts a shadow 10 m long on teh ground. At the
same time a tower casts a shadow 50 m long. What is the height of the
tower?
2. If sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio of 4:9, what is the ratio of the
areas of these triangles?
3. ABC is such that AB = 3 cm, BC = 2cm, CA = 2.5 cm. If DEF ~ ABC and
EF = 4 cm, then find the perimeter of DEF .
4. The perimeters of two similar triangles are 25 cm & 15 cm resp. If one side of
a triangle is 9 cm, what is the corresponding side of the other triangle?

5. D, E are points on teh sides AB & AC resp. of a ABC such that DE||BC. If
AD = 2.4 cm, DE = 2 cm, AE = 3.2 cm & BC = 5 cm, find BD & CE.

LEVEL - 2
1. ABC is an equilateral triangle in which DE||BC. If AE/EC = 1/2 and BC = 9
cm, find DB.
2. In fig., ABCD is a trapezium with AB||DC. Find x

AP = (6x – 5), BP = (5x –3) cm

DP = (3x – 1) cm, CP = (2x + 1) cm
Three Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -57-

1. D, E are points on the sdies AB & AC resp. of a ABC such that DE||BC.
Find the value of x, when AD = x – 1, DB = 5 – x, AE = 4 – x and EC = x – 2.

LEVEL - 2

1. D is the mid point of side BC of a ABC , AD is bisected at the point E & BE

produced cuts AC at X. Prove that BE : EX = 3:1.
2. If D, E, F are the mid-points of the sides of BC, CA, AB resp. of ABC then,
the ratio of areas of triangles DEF and ABC is what?

Five Marks Questions:

LEVEL - 1
1. State and prove BPT
LEVEL -3
1. Prove that any line parallel to parallel sides of a trapezium divides the non-
parallel sides proportionally.
2. Two poles of height ‘a’ meters & ‘b’ meters are ‘p’ meters apart. Prove that
the height of the point of intersection of the lines joining the top of each
ab
pole to the foot of the opposite pole is given by .
a b

AX BY CZ
3. In ABC , AY , BZ & CX are the altitudes. Prove that   1
XB YC ZA
4. ABCD is a parallelogram. P & Q are points on AB and CD resp. such that
3
AP:PB=3:2 and CQ : QD = 4:1. If PQ meets AC at R, prove that AR  AC .
7

(Hint : Prove ARP ~ CRQ )

5. In a right ABC , C  90º , if BC = a, AC = b, Ab = C, CD = p then prove that

pc = ab.

-58- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

6. In trapezium ABCD, AB||DC, DC = 2AB, EF is drawn parallel to AB cuts AD
BE 3
in F & BC in E such that  , Diagonal DB intersects EF at G. Prove that
EC 4
7 EF = 10 AB.

7. In fig. P is mid pt. of BC & Q is mid pt. of AP. If BQ produced meets AC at R,

1
prove that RA  AC . [Hint. Draw PS||BR)
3

1 1 1
8. Prove that : x  y  z

1 1 2
9. Prove that :  
OA OB OC

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -59-

ASSERTION REASON:
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (r) is true.
1. Assertion (A) : In ABC , DE  BC such that AD = (7x – 4) cm, AE = (5x – 2)cm,
DB = (3x + 4)cm and EC = 3x cm then x equal to 5.
Reason (R) : If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect
the other two sides in distant point, then the other two sides are divided in
the same ratio.
2. Assertion (A) : ABC is an isosceles triangle right angled of C, then AB 2 =
2AC2.
Reason (R) : In right ABC , right angled at B, AC2 = AB2 + BC2.
3. Assertion (A) : In the ABC , AB = 24 cm, BC = 10 cm and AC = 26 cm, then
ABC is a right angle triangle.
Reason (R) : If in two triangles, their corresponding angles are equal, then
the tirangles are similar.
4. Assertion (A): D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively of a
ABC such that DE||BC then the value of x is 4, when AD = x cm, DB = (x–
2) cm, AE = (x + 2) cm and EC = (x – 1) cm.
Reason (R): If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle then it divides the
other two sides in the same ratio.
5. Assertion (A): D and E are point on the sides AB and AC respectively of a
ABC such that DE||BC then the value of x is 11, when AD = 4cm, DB = (x
–4) cm, AE = 8 cm and EC = (3x – 19) cm.
Reason (R): If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio then
it is parallel to the third side.
CASE STUDY: (4 Marks)
1. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).

-60- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 Vijay is trying to find the average height of a tower near his house. He is
using the properties of similar triangles. The height of Vijay’s house is 20 m
when Vijay’s house casts a shadow 10 m long on the ground. At the same
time, the tower casts a shadow 50 m long on the ground. At the same time,
the house of Ajay casts 20 m shdow on the ground.
(i) What is the height of the tower?
(ii) What will be the length of the shadow of the tower when Vijay’s house
casts a shadow 12 m?
(iii) What is the height of Ajay’s house?
(iv) When the tower casts a shadow of 40m, same time what will be the
length of the shadow of Ajay’s house?
(v) When the tower casts a shadow of 40m, same time what will be the
length of the shaodw of Vijay’s house?
2. Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
Two trees are standing parallel each other, the bigger tree 8m high casts a
shadow of 6m

(i) If AB and CD are the two trees and AE is the shadow of the longer
tree, then
(ii) Since AB||CD, so by basic proportionality theorem, we have
(iii) If the ratio of the height of two trees is 3:1, then the shadow of the
smaller tree

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -61-

 (iv) The distance of point B from E is
3. In a classroom, students were playing with some pieces of cardboard as
shown below.

All of a sudden, teacher entered into classroom. She told students to arrange
all pieces. On seeing this beautiful image, she observed that ADH is right
angled triangle, which contains
(i) right triangles ABJ and IGH.
(ii) quadrilateral GFJI
(iii) squares JKLM and LCBK
(iv) rectangles MLEF and LCDE.
After observation, she ask certain questions to students. Help them to answer
these questions.
1. If an insect (small ant) walks 24 m from H to F, then walks 6 m to
reach at M, then walks 4 m to reach at L and finally crossing K, reached
at J. Find the distance between initial and final position of insect.
2. If ABJ ~ ADH , then which similarity criterion is used here?

3. If PQR is right triangle with QM  PR , then is PR2 = PQ + OR correct

or not.

4. An aeroplane leaves an airport and flies due north at a speed of 1200 km/
hr. At the same time, another aeroplane leaves the same station and flies
1
due west at the speed of 1500 km/hr as shown below. After 1 hr both the
2
aeropanes reaches at point P and Q respectively.

-62- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1
(i) Distance travelled by aeroplane towards north after 1 hr is
2

1
(ii) Distance travelled by aeroplane towards west after 1 hr is
2

(iii) find POQ

1
(iv) Distance between aeroplanes after 1 hr
2

(v) Find the Area of POQ

5. Rohit’s father is a mathematician. One day he gave Rohit an activity to measure
the height of building. Rohit accepted the challenge and placed a mirror on
ground level to determine the height of building. He is standing at a certain
distance so that he can see the top of the building reflected from mirror.
Rohit eye level is at 1.8 m above ground. The distance of Rohit from mirror
and that of building from mirror are 1.5 m and 2.5 m respectively.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find two similar triangles formed in the above figure
(ii) Which criterion of similarity is applied above
(iii) Find the Height of the building
(iv) In ABM , if BAM  30º , then MCD is equal to

(v) If ABM and CDM are similar where CD = 6 cm, MD = 8 cm and BM

= 24 cm, then find the value of AB

Answers:
MCQ
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d)
7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (a)
13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (d)
19. (d) 20. (c)

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -63-

2 Marks
Level - 1
1. 100 m 2. 16:81 3. 15 cm 4. 5.4 cm
5. 3.6 cm & 4.8 cm
Level - 2
1. 6 cm 2. 2 cm
3 marks
Leve-1
1. x=3
Leel - 2
2. 1: 4
Assertion Reason
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)
Case Study-1
(i) 100 m (ii) 60 m (iii) 40 (iv) 16 m (v) 8m
Case Study-2

AE BE
(i) AEB ~ CED (ii)  m 3. 2m
CE DE
(iv) 10 m
Case Study-3
1. 26 m 2. AA 3. PMQ ~ PQR
Case Study-4
1. 1800 km 2. 2250 km 3. 90º

4. 450 41 km 5. 2025000 km2

Case Study-5
1. ABM and CDM
2. AA similarity criterion
3. 3m
4. 30º
5. 18 cm

-64- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -65-
 CHAPTER - 7
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
One Mark Question:
MCQ:
1. The ratio in which (4, 5) divides the line segment joining the points (2, 3)
and (7, 8) is
(a) 2:3 (b) –3:2 (c) 3:2 (d) –2:3
2. The values of x and y, if the distance of the point (x, y) from (–3, 0) as well as
from (3, 0) is 4 are
(a) x = 1, y = 7 (b) x = 2, y = 7
(c) x = 0, y = – 7 (d) x = 0, x =  7
3. The distance between the points (3, 4) and (8, –6) is

(a) 2 5 units (b) 3 5 units (c) 5 (d) 5 5 units

4. The ratio in which the x-axis divides the segment joining A(3, 6) and B(12, –3)
is
(a) 1:2 (b) –2:1 (c) 2:1 (d) –1: –1
5. The horizontal and vertical lines drawn to determine the position of a point
in a Cartesian plane are called
(a) Intersecting lines (b) Transversals
(c) Perpendicular lines (d) X-axis and Y-axis
6. The mid point of the line segment joining A(2a, 4) and B(–2, 3b) is M(1, 2a
+1). The values of a and b are
(a) 2, 3 (b) 1, 1 (c) –2, –2 (d) 2, 2
7. The points (1, 1), (–2, 7) and (3, –3) are
(a) vertices of an equilateral triangle
(b) collinear
(c) vertices of an isosceles triangle
(d) none of these
8. The line 3x + y –9 = 0 divides the line joining the points (1, 3) and (2, 7)
internally in the ratio
(a) 3:4 (b) 3:2 (c) 2:3 (d) 4:3
9. The cordinate of a point is twice its abscissa. If its distance from the point (4,
3) is 10 , then the coordinates of the point are
(a) (1, 2) or (3, 6) (b) (1, 2) or (3, 5)
(c) (2, 1) or (3, 6) (d) (2, 1) or (6, 3)
10. The mid-point of the segment joining the points A(–2, 8) and B(–6, –4) is
(a) (–4, –6) (b) (2, 6) (c) (–4, 2) (d) (4, 2)

-66- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

11. The distance of the point P(2, 3) from the x-axis is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 5
12. The coordinates of the centre of circle passing through (1, 2), (3, –4) and
(5, –6) is
(a) (11, –2) (b) (–2, 11) (c) (11, 2) (d) (2, 11)
13. If the point P(x, 4) lies on a circle whose centre is at origin and radius is 5
units, then the values of x are
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
14. The distance between the points (0, 5) and (–5, 0) is

(a) 5 (b) 5 2 (c) 2 5 (d) 10

15. The distnace between the points (a, b) and (–a, b) is

(a) 2 a 2  b2 (b) 2a
(c) 2a (d) 2|a|
16. AOBC is a rectangle whose three vertices are A(0, 3), O(0, 0) and B(5, 0). The
length of its diagonal is

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 34 (c) 4

17. If the distance between the points (2, –2) and (–1, x) is 5, then one of the
value of x is
(a) –2 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) 1
18. The distnace between the points (4, p) and (1, 0) is 5, then the value of p is
(a) 4 only (b) –4 only (c) 4 (d) 0
19. The points (–4, 0), (4, 0) and (0, 3) are the vertices of a
(a) right trinagle (b) isosceles triangle
(c) equilateral triangle (d) scalene triangle
20. The area of a square whose vertices are A(0, –2), B(3, 1), C(0, 4) and D(–3, 1)
is
(a) 18 sq. units (b) 15 sq. units

(c) 18 sq. units (d) 15 sq. units

ASSERTION REASON:
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (a) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (r) is true.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -67-

1. Assertion : The point (0, 4) lies on y-axis.
Reason : The x co-ordinate on the point on y-axis is zero.
2. Assertion: The value of y is 6, for which the distance between the points P(2,
–3) and Q(10, y) is 10.
Reason : Distance between two given points A(x 1, y 1) and B(x 2 , y 2 ) ,

 x 2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2
AB 

3. Assertion (A): The point which divides the line joining the points A(1, 2) and
 1 5 
B(–1, 1) internally in the ratio 1:2 is  ,  .
 3 3
Reason (R): The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment
joining the points A(x 1 , y 1 ) and B(x 2 , y 2 ) in the ratio m 1 :m 2 is
 m1x 2  m2 x1 m1y2  m2y1 
 , 
 m1  m2 m1  m2  .

4. Assertion (A): The point on the X-axis which if equidistant from the points
A(–2, 3) and B(5, 4) is (2, 0).
Reason (R): The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment
joining the points A(x 1 , y 1 ) and B(x 2 , y 2 ) in the ratio m 1 :m 2 is
 m1x 2  m2 x1 m1y2  m2y1 
 , 
 m1  m2 m1  m2  .

5. Assertion (A): Ratio in which the line 3x + 4y = 7 divides the line segment
joining the points (1, 2) and (–2, 1) is 3:5.
Reason (R): The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment
joining the points A(x 1 , y 1 ) and B(x 2 , y 2 ) in the ratio m 1 :m 2 is
 m1x 2  m2 x1 m1y2  m2y1 
 , 
 m 1  m 2 m1  m2  .

Two Marks Questions:

LEVEL - 1
1. Find the distance between the poitns

 8   8 
(a) (4, –3) and (0, 0) (5 unit) (b)   ,2  and   ,2  (0 unit)
 5   5 
2. Use distance formula to show that the points A(–2, 3), B(1, 2), C(7, 0) are
collinear.
3. Show that (1, –1) is the centre of the circle cicumscribing the triangle whose
angular points are (4, 3), (–2, 3) & (6, –1).
LEVEL - 2
1. Show that points A(7, 5), B(2, 3) & C(6, –7) are the vertices of a right triangle.
also.
2. One end of a diameter of a circle is at (2, 3) & the centre is (–2, 5). What are

-68- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 the coordinates of the other end of his diameter?
3. If P(2, p) is the midpoint of the line segment joining the points A(6, –5) &
B(–2, 11), find the value of p.
4. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the
points (4, –3) & (8, 5) in the ratio 3:1 internally.
LEVEL - 3
1. Find the coordinates of the centroid of a  whose vertices are (0, 6), (8, 12) &
(8, 0).
2. Two vertices of a  are (3, –5) & (–7, 4). If its centroid is (2, –1). Find the 3rd
vertex.
3. Find the perimeter of a triangle with vertices (0, 4), (0, 0) & (3, 0). (Ans. 12)
4. If the distance between the points (4, p) & (1, 0) is 5 units, find the value of
p.
Three Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1

Find the distance between the points at1 , 2at1  & at 2 ,2at 2  .
2 2
1.

2. What point on the x-axis is equidistant from (7, 6) & (–3, 4)

3. If the point P(x, y) be equidistant from the points (a +b, b – a) & (a – b, a + b),
prove that bx = ay.
4. The line joining the points (3, –1) & (–6, 5) is trisected. Find the coordinates
of the points of trisection.
LEVEL - 2
1. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining (2, –3) & (5, 6) is divided by
x-axis.
2. The three vertices of a rhombus, taken in order, are (2, –1), (3, 4) & (–2, 3).
Find the fourth vertex.
3. If A(1, 2), B(4, 3) & C(6, 6) are the three vertices of a ||gm ABCD, find the
coordinates of the fourth vertex D.
4. Find a relation between x & y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant from
the points (7, 1) & (3, 5).
5. If (–2, –1), (a, 0), (4, b) & (1, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram, find the
values of a and b.
LEVEL - 3
1. In what ratio does the line x – y – 2 = 0 divide the line segment joining (3, –1)
& (8, 9)?
2. If the distance of P(x, y) from the points A(3, 6) & B(–3, 4) are equal, prove
that 3x + y = 5.
3. Find the area of rhombus whose vertices taken in order are the ponits (3, 0),
(4, 5), (–1, 4) & (–2, –1).
4. If P(x, y) is any point on the line segment joining the points A(a, 0) & B(0, b)

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -69-

 x y
then show that   1.
a b
5. Prove that (2, –2), (–2, 1) & (5, 2) are the vertices of a right angled triangle.
The length of the hypotenuse.
Five Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1
1. Find the vertices of a triangle, the mid points of whose sides are (3, 1), (5, 6)
& (–3, 2).
2. Find the ratio in which the line 3x + y – 9 = 0 divides the line segment
joining the points (1, 3) & (2, 7).
3. Find the centre of a circle passing through (5, –8), (2, –9) & (2, 1). (Ans. 2, –4)
4. The opposite angular points of a square are (2, 0) & (5, 1). Find the remaining
points.
LEVEL -2
1. Points P and Q divide the line AB into four equal parts Find the coordinates
of P and Q if coordinates of A and B are (1, 2) & (3, 8) resp.

2. In the mid point of the line joining (3, 4) & (k, 7) is (x, y) & (2x + 2y + 1 = 0).
Find the value of k.
LEVEL - 3

 a 2a 
If P and Q are two points whose coordinates are at , 2at  and  2 ,
2
1. 
t t 
1 1
resp. & S is sthe point (a, 0). Show that  is independent of t.
SP SQ
Case Study: (4 Marks)
1. The top of a table is shown in the figure given below:

(i) Find coordinates of the points H and G are respectively

(ii) Find the distance between the points A and B
(iii) Find the coordinates of the mid point of line segment joining points M
and Q
-70- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
2. Controlling Air Pollution
The Chief Minister of Delhi launched the, ‘Switch Delhi’, an electric vehicle
mass awareness campaign in the National Capital. The government has also
issued tenders for setting up 100 charging stations across the city. Each
station will have five charging points. For demo charging station is set up
 7   7 
along a straight line and has charging points at A  ,0  , B  0,  , C(3, 4),
 3   4
D(7, 7) and E(x, y). Also, the distance between C and E is 10 units.

Baed on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the distance DE
(ii) What is the value of x + y is
(iv) The ratio in which B divides AC is

3. The camping alpine tent is suaually made using high quality canvas and it is
water proof. These alpine tents are mostly used in hilly areas, as the snow
will not settle on the tent and make it damp. It is easy to lay out and one nee
not use a manual to set it up. One alpine tent is shown in the figure given
below, which has two triangular faces and three rectangular faces. Also, the
image of canvas on graph paper is shown in the adjacent figure.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Distance of point Q from y-axis is
(ii) What are the coordinates of U?
(iii) The distance between the points P and Q is
(iv) If a point A(x, y) is equidistant from R and T, then
(v) Perimeter of image of a rectangular face is

4. Alia and Shagun are friends living on the same street in Patel Nagar. Shagun’s
house is at the intersection of one street with another street on which there
is a library. They both study in the same school and that is not far from
Shagun’s house.
Suppose the school is situate at the point O, i.e., the origin, Alia’s house is
at A. Shagun’s house is at B and library is at C.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -71-

 Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) How far is Alia’s house from Shagun’s house?
(ii) How far is the library from Shagun’s house?
(iii) How far is the library from Alia’s house?
(iv) Which of the following is true?
(v) How far is the school from Alia’s house than Shagun’s house?

5. A person is riding his bike on a straight road towards East his college to city
A and then to city B. At some point in between city A and city B, he suddenly
realises that there is not enought petrol for the journey. Also, there is no
petrol pump on the road between these two cities.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the value of y is equal to
(ii) The value of x
(iii) If M is any point exactly in between city A and city B, then coordinates
of M
(iv) The ratio in which A divides the line segment joining the point O and
M

Answers:
MCQ:
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (b)
8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (b)
15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (a)
ASSERTION REASON:

-72- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

1. (a) 2. (a)
Two Marks:
1. 5 unit 2. 0 unit
Level-2
2. –6, 7 3. p=3 4. 7, 3
Level - 3

16
1. ,6 2. 10, –2 3. 4
3
Three Marks:
Level -1

a t 2  t1  t 2  t1 
2
4
1. 2. 3, 0
4. (0, 1) (–3, 3)
Level -2
1. 1:2 2. –3, –2 3. x = 3, y = 5
4. x–y=2 5. a = 1, b =1
Level -3

1. 2:3 3. 24 sq. units 5. 5 2 units

Five Marks:
Level -1
1. (–1, 7), (–5, –3), (11, 5) 2. 3:4 3. 2, –4
4. (4, –1), (3, 2)
Level - 2
1. (2,4), (3, 2), (4, 0) 2. k = –15
Case Study - 1
Amswer :
(i) (1, 5), (5, 1) (ii) 4 units (iii) (7, 7)
Case Study - 2
(i) 5 units (ii) 21
(iv) 7:9
Case Study -3
(i) 9 units
(ii) (8, 2)
(iii) 7 units
(iv) y–5=0
(v) 14 units

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -73-

Case Study -4
(i) 2 units
(ii) 2 units
(iii) ABC forms an isosceles triangle

(v)  
13  5 units

Case Study -5
(i) 2
(ii) 8
(iii) (5, 5)
(iv) 2:3

-74- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -75-
 CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
One Mark Questions:
MCQ:

q 1
1. If sec   , find value of cos 
p p

(a) q/p (b) 1/q (c) pq (d) p/q

2. 2 tan2 45º  cos 2 30º  sin2 60º

(a) 2 (b) 1/2 (c) 3 (d) 1
3. If cot   sin 45º.cos 45º  cos 60º , then  = ..........
(a) 30º (b) 45º (c) 60º (d) 90º

4. If sec   tan   p then sec   tan  

(a) p (b) 1/p (c) 1 (d) none
5. If tan x  3 cot x , then x = .............
(a) 30º (b) 45º (c) 60º (d) 90º

6. If 2sin   3 , then  = ..........

(a) 30º (b) 45º (c) 60º (d) 90º

2/3 2/3
x y 
7. If x  a cos  , y  b sin  , then  
3 3    ........
a  b 
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) ab

8.  sin 30º  cos 30º   sin 60º  cos 60º 

(a) –1 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
9. If 5 cos A  4 , then tan A = ?
(a) 3/5 (b) 3/4 (c) 4/3 (d) 4/5

1 1
10. If sin A  and cos B  , then A + B = ?
2 2
(a) 30º (b) 45º (c) 60º (d) 90º

11. sec 2
  11  cosec 2   is equal to

(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2

tan2 
12. is equal to
1  tan2 

(a) 2sin2  (b) 2 cos2  (c) sin2  (d) cos 2 

-76- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
  cos   sin     cos   sin   to
2 2
13.

(a) –2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

14.  sec A  tan A 1  sin A  is equal to

(a) sec A (b) sin A (c) cosec A (d) cos A

1  tan2 A
15. is equal to
1  cot 2 A
(a) sec2 A (b) –1 (c) cot2 A (d) tan2 A
16. If sec   tan   k , then the value of sec   tan  is

1 1
(a) 1 (b) 1 k (c) 1 k (d)
k k

17. Which of the following is true for all values of   0º    90º  :

(a) cos 2   sin2   1 (b) cosec 2   sec 2   1

(c) sec 2   tan1   1 (d) cot 2   tan2   1

18. Which of the following is true for all   0º    90º  :

(a) sin  90º    sec  (b) cos  90º    sin 

(c) cos  90º    sin  (d) sec  90º    tan 

19. If  is an actue angle of a rght triangle, then the value of

sin  cos  90º    cos  sin(90º  ) if 30

(a) 0 (b) 2sin  cos  (c) 1 (d) 2 sin2 

20. The value of 3 sin 1 sin2 sin 3 sin 4 ....... sin 150

3
(a) 3 (b) (c) 1 (d) 0
2
Two Marks Quesitons:
Level - 1

3
1. If sin   , then find tan  if 0º    90º .
5

2. Find the value of x, given sin 2x  sin 60º cos 30º  cos 60º sin30º .

Prove that 1  sin   sec   1

2 2
3.

4. If sin   cos   0 , find the value of sin4   cos 4  .

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -77-

Level - 2
1. If sin   cos   1 , then sin2 

1  sin 
2. Find the value of  , given 3
1  sin 

If sin   cos   k  sin   cos   then find k.

4 4 2 2
3.

4. In fig., find x and y.

Level - 3
1. Find the magnitude of angle A, if : 2sin A cos A  cos A  2sin A  1  0

2 sin   3 sin 
2. If cosec   13 /12 , then evaluate .
4 sin   9 cos 
3. A rhombus of side 40 cm has two angles of 60º each, find the length of the
diagonals?

4. Prove that sin4   cos 4   1  2sin2  cos 2 

Three Marks Questions:
Level - 1

1 1
1. If sin(A  B )  ,cos  A  B   and 0º  A  B  90º , A  B , then find the
2 2
values of A and B.
2. Find the value of sin60º and cos 60º geometrically.

3. I f x  r sin A cos C ; y  r sin A sin C and z = r cos A, then prove that

x2  y2  z2  r 2 .

sin3   cos3 
4. Find the value using trigonometric identies,  sin  cos  .
sin   cos 
Level - 2

p2  1
1. If sec   tan   p , prove that 2  sin 
p 1

Show that : sec  1  sin    2 tan   1

4 4 2
2.

-78- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 1 1
3. If sec    x  then prove that, sec    tan    2x or
4x 2x
Level - 3

a a sin   b cos  a 2  b 2
1. If tan   , show that 
b a sin   b cos  a 2  b 2

2. If sin A  2cos A  1 . Prove that 2sin A  cos A  2 .

3. If 3sin   5 cos   5 , prove that 5 sin   3 cos   3 . (Hint : square both sides
& use identities)

4. Prove that sec2   cosec 2   tan   cot 

Five Marks Questions:
Level - 1

1
1. Prove that  cosec   sin   sec   cos   
tan   cot 

m2 1
2. If sec A  tan A  m , show that 2  sin A
m 1

If cosec   sin   m & sec   cos   n , prove that m 2n   mn 2 

2/3 2/3
3. 1

4. Prove that :

sin A  cos A sinA  cosA 2 2 2

   
sin A  cos A sin A  cos A sin A  cos A 2 sin A  1 1  2 cos 2 A
2 2 2

Level - 2

sin   cos  sin   cos  2sec 2 

1. Prove :  
sin   cos  sin   cos  tan2   1

If sin   sin   1 , find the value of

2
2.

 cos    3  cos    3  cos     cos    2  cos    2  cos  

12 10 8 6 4 2

Level - 3

1
If l  cosec   sin  , m  sec   cos  prove that l  m  3 
2 2
1. .
l m2
2

2. If a sin3   b cos 3   sin  cos  & a sin   b cos  , prove that a 2  b 2  1 .

tan   cot  n sin   m cos  n 2  m 2

3. If m sin   n cos  then show that :  
tan   cot  n sin   m cos  n 2  m 2

4. If sin A  cos A  m and sin3 A  cos 3 A  n , then prove that m 3  3m  2n  0

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -79-

ASSERTION AND REASON:
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (r) is true.
1. Assertion (A) : If sin x  cos y  1; x  30º and y is acute angle the y = 60º.

1 1
Reason (R) : sin 30º  and cos 60º  .
2 2

1
2. Assertion (A) : sin 45  cos 45 
2
Reason (R) : sin x  cos x for all values of x.

3. Assertion (A): If x  2 sin2  and y  2cos 2  then the value of x + y = 3.

Reason (R): For any value of  ,sin2   cos 2   1 .

4. Assertion (A): sin A is the product of sin and A.
Reason (R): The value of sin  increases as  increases.

Assertion (A):  cos A  sin A  is equal to 2 cos 2 A  1 .

4 4
5.

Reason (R): The value of cos  decreases as  increases.

CASE STUDY: (4 Marks)
1. Some of the earliest trigonometric ratios were recorded date back to about
1500 B.C. in Egypt in the form of sundial measurements. The most basic
sundials use a simple rod called a gnomon that simply stands straight up
the ground. Time in determined by the direction and length of the shadow
created by the gnomon. In the morning the sun rises in the east and
alternately the shadow created by the gnomon points westerly. When the
sun reaches its highest ponint in the sky it is known as ‘High Noon’, the
shadow of a gnomon in a simple sundial is at its shortest length and points
due north. Then as the sun sets in the west, the shadow of the gnomon
points east.
Notice how the shadow rotates throughout the day on the sundial shown.
These were the earliest clocks. The shadows act like the hand of a clock
moving in a clockwise motion. This is the reason clock’s hands today move in
the direction they do today.
(i) If the angle of reference is  and sin   sin2   1 , find cos 2   cos 4  .

1
(ii) If the value of sin   , what is the value of 2 cot 2   2 ?
3
-80- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
2. A boy is flying a kite with a string of 10m, the height of the kite from the
gorund is 8m. The kite makes an angle A with the horizontal as given in the
fig., observe the fig. and answer the following:

(i) In the given fig. find x

(ii) What is sin A?

(iii) What is cos A + sin A . tan A =

(iv) What is the value of tan A – cot A?

(v) What is the value of angle (A + C) ?

3. Three friends - Anshu, Vijay and Vishal are playing hide and seek in a park.
Anshu and Vijay hide in the shrubs and Vishal have to find both of them. If
the positions of three friends are at A, B adn C respectively as shown in the
figure and forms a right angled triangle such that AB = 9 m, BC  3 3m and
B  90º , then answer the following questions.

(i) The measure of A is

(ii) The measure of C is

(iii) The length of AC is

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -81-

 (iv) cos 2A 

C 
(v) sin   
2

4. Two aeroplanes leave an airport, one after the other. After moving on runway,
one flies due North an other flies due South. The speed of two aeroplanes is
400 km/hr and 500 km/hr respectively. Considering PQ as runway and A
and B are any two points in the path followed by two planes, then answer
the following questions.

(i) Find tan  ; if APQ   .

(ii) Find cotB.

(iii) Find tan A.

(iv) Find secA.

(v) Find cosecB.

5. Anita, a student of class 10th, has to made a project on ‘Introduction to

Trigonometry’. She decides to make a bird bouse which is triangular in
shape. She uses cardboard to make the bird house as shown in the figure.
Considering the front side of bird house as right angled triangle PQR, right
angled at R, answer the following questions.

(i) If PQR   , then cos  

-82- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 (ii) The value of sec  =

tan 
(iii) The value of 
1  tan2 

(iv) The value of cot 2   cosec 2  

(v) The value of sin2   cos 2  

Answers:

MCQ:

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (c)

7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (c)

13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (c)

20. (d)

2 Marks

Level - 1 : 1. 3/4 2. 15º

Level - 2 : 1. 0 2. 30º 3. 1

4. x  8 3cm , y  4 3cm

Level - 3: 1.(30º, 0º) 2. 3 

3. 40 cm and 40 3 cm 
4. 1

3 Marks

3 1
Level - 1 : 1.A = 45, B = 15 2. sin 60º  ,cos 30º 
2 2

5 Marks

Level - 2: 2. 3

ASSERTION AND REASON:

1. a 2. c 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (b)

Case Study 1

(i) 1 (ii) 18

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -83-

Case Study 2

(i) (a) (ii) (a) (iii) (c)

(iv) (d) (v) (d)

Case Study 3

(i) 30º (ii) 60º (iii) 6 3m

1 1
(iv) (v)
2 2

Case Study 4

3 15 3
(i) (ii) (iii)
4 8 4

5 17
(iv) (v)
3 8

Case Study 5

12 12 60
(i) (ii) (iii)
13 13 169
(iv) –1 (v) 1

-84- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -85-
 CHAPTER - 9
SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY
Heights an Distances
In this section, we shall discuss various problems of heights and distances mainly,
as an application of trigonometrical formulae learned in the perveious chapters.
Let us first define a few terms to measure the heights and distaces of objects by
obsreving the angles subtended by these objects at the eye of the observer.
Line of Sight
The line drawn from the eye of an observer to the point in the object viewed by the
observer is known as the line of sight.
Angle of Elevation
It is the angle made by the line of sight with the horizontal when the object being
viewed is above the horizontal level. In this case, we raise our head to look at the
object.

Angle of Depression
It is the angle made by the line of sight with the horizontal level. In this case, we
lower our head to look at the object benig viwed.

-86- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

Note: Angle of elevation of a point P as seen from O = angle of depression of O as
seen from P.

We shall consider the following types of questions:

Type 1: Simple qeustions of deermining the height of an object, angle of el-
evation or depression, length of an object, breadth of a river, distance
of an object, length of shadow of an object, etc. whcih involved only
one right traingle, when numercial data are given or can be found.
Type 2: More complicated questions of determining the heigt of an object,
angle of elevation or depression, length of an object, breadth of a river,
distance of an object, height of a broken tree, length of shadow of an
object, etc. under different circumstances which involve more than
one right tirnagle, when numerical data are given or can be found out.
Type 3: Problems of proving a given expression to be equal to the height of an
object, etc., involving anlge of elevation  , distance of anobject d, etc.,
when the numerical data are not given.
Type 4 : Problem involving speed, distance and time.

One Mark Questions:

MCQ:

1. The ratio of the lengthof the pole and its shadow is 1 : 3 . The angle of
elevaton of sun is
(a) 30º (b) 60º (c) 45º (d) 90º

2. If a vertical pole 6 m high casts shadow 2 3 m on the ground, then the

Sun’s elevation is
(a) 90º (b) 45º (c) 30º (d) 60º
3. A ladder mkes an angle 60º with the ground when placed against a wall. If
the foot of the ladder is 2 m away from the wall, then the length of the ladder
(in metres) is

4
(a) (b) 4 3 (c) 2 2 (d) 4
3
4. A ladder 15 m long just reaches the top of a vertical wall. If the ladder makes
an angle of 60º with the wall, then the height of teh wall (in metres) is
MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -87-
 15 3 15
(a) 15 3 (b) (c) (d) 15
2 2
5. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower at a point on the ground 50 m
away from the foot of the tower is 45º. Then, the height of the tower (in
meters) is

50 50
(a) 50 3 (b) 50 (c) (d)
2 3

6. If the height of a vertical pole is 3 times the length of its shadow on the
gorund, then the angle of elevation of the sun at that time is
(a) 30º (b) 60º (c) 45º (d) 75º
7. The angle of depression of a car parked on the road from the top of 150 m
high towr is 30º. The distance of the car from the tower (in meters) is

(a) 50 3 (b) 150 3 (c) 150 2 (d) 75

8. The length of shadow of a tower on the ground is 3 times the height of the
tower. The angle of elevations of sun is
(a) 45º (b) 30º (c) 60º (d) 90º
9. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower at a point 100 m from its foot on
the horizontal plane is 45º. The height of tower is
(a) 50 m (b) 75 m (c) 100 m (d) 125 m
10. A pole of light is 50 m high from which angle of depression of a ship is 30º.
The distance of the ship from the pole is

50
(a) 50 m (b) 50 3 m (c) 150 m (d) m
3
11. In the given fig. AB = 4 m, AC = 8 m. Then, the angle of elevation of A as
observed from C is

(a) 60º (b) 30º (c) 45º (d) 90º

12. The height of an electric pole from the ground is 6 m. A wire is tied at the top
of pole. If the inclination of the wire with the gound is 45º, then length of
the wire is

(a) 12 m (b) 6m (c) 18 m (d) 6 2m

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13. Two vertical poles are 50 m apart. The angle of depression of the top of the
first as seen from the top of the 2nd is 45º. If the height of the second pole is
100 m, then the height of the first pole is
(a) 200m (b) 150m (c) 75m (d) 50m
14. In the adjoining figure, the length of BC is

(a) 2 3 cm (b) 3 3 cm (c) 4 3 cm (d) 3 cm

15. In the adjoining figure, if the angle of elevation is 60º and the distance
AB  10 3 m, then the height of the tower is

(a) 20 3 cm (b) 10 m (c) 30 m (d) 30 3 m

16. If a kite is flying at a height of 40 3 metres from the level ground, attached
to a string inclined at 60º to the horizontal, then the length of the string is

(a) 80 m (b) 60 3 m (c) 80 3 m (d) 120 m

17. The top of a broken tree has its top touching the gorund (shown in the
adjoining figure) at a distance of 10 m from the bottom. If the angle ade by
the broken part with groudn is 30º, then the length of the broken part is

20
(a) 10 3 m (b) m (c) 20 m (d) 20 3 m
3
MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -89-
18. If the angle of depression of an object from a 75 m high tower is 30º, then
the distance of the object from the twoer is

(a) 25 3 m (b) 50 3 m (c) 75 3 m (d) 150 m

19. A ladder 14 m long rests agains a wall. If the foot of the ladder is 7 m from
the wall, then the angle of elevation is
(a) 15º (b) 30º (c) 45º (d) 60º

20. If a pole 6 m high casts shadow 2 3 m long on the ground, then the sun’s
elevation is
(a) 60º (b) 45º (c) 30º (d) 90º
Two Marks Questions:
Level - 1
1. At some time of the day, the length of the shadow of a tower is equal to its
height. What is the sun’s altitude at that time?
2. A kite is flying at a theight ogf 30 m from the ground. The length of string
from the kite to the ground is 60 m. Assuming that there is no slakc in the
string, find the angle of elevation of the kite at the ground.
3. The angle of depression of a car, standing on the ground, from the top of a
75 m high tower, is 30º. Find the distance of the car from the base of a tower
(in m).
4. The tops of two poles of heights 20 m & 14 m are connected by wire. If the
wire makes an angle of 30º with a horizontal, then the find length of the
wire?
5. If the elevation of the sun in 30º, then the length of the shadow cast by a
tower of 150 feet height is ...........
Three Marks Questions:
Level - 2
1. From the top of a cliff 25 m high, the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is
found to be equal to the angle of depression of the foot of the tower. Find the
height of the tower.
2. A pole 5 m high is fixed on the top of a tower. The angle of elevation of the
top of the pole observed from a point ‘A’ on the ground is 60º & the angle of
depression of the point ‘A’ from the top of the tower is 45º. Find the height of
the tower.
3. The horizontal distance between two poles is 15 m. The angle of depression
of the top of first pole as seen from the top of second pole is 30º. If the height
of the second pole is 24 m, find the height of the first pole.
4. The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 60 m above a lake is 30º & the
angle of depression of the reflection of the cloud in the lake is 60º. Find the
height of the cloud from the surface of the lake.
5. The angles of elevation & depression of the top & bottom of a light house
from the top of a 60 m high building are 30º & 60º resp. find

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 (i) the difference between the heights of the light-house & the bldg.
(ii) the distance between the light house & the building.
6. From the top of a 7 m tall building, the AOE of the top of a cable tower is 60º
& the angle of depression of its food is 30º. Determing the height of the
tower.
Five Marks Questions:
Level - 3
1. A man on the top of a vertical tower observes a car moving at a uniform speed
coming directly towards it. If it takes 12 mins for the angle of depression to
change from 30º to 45º how soon after this, will the car reach the tower?
2. The AOE of a jet fighter from a point A on the ground is 60º. After a flight of
15 sec., the AOE changers to 30º. If the jet is flying at a speed of 720 km/hr,
find the constant heght.
3. A parachutist is descending vertically and makes angles of depression of 45º
and 60º at two observation points 100 m apart from each other on the left
side of himself. Find in metres, the approximate height from which he falls
& also find, in meters the approximate distance of the point where he falls
on the ground from the first observaton point.
4. At the foot of a mountain, the elevation of its summit is 45º. After ascending
1000 m towards the mountain up a slope of 30º inclination, the elevation is
found to be 60º. Find the height of the mountain.
5. The AOE of a cloud from a point 60 m above a lake is 30º & the AOD of the
reflection of the cloud in the lake is 60º. Find the height of the cloud from
the surface of the lake.
6. The pilot of an aircraft flying horizontally at a speed of 1200 km/hr observes
that the AOD of a point on the ground changes from 30º to 45º in 15 sec.
Find the height at which the aircraft is flying.
7. The angle of elevation of a jet plane from a point A on the ground is 60º.
After a flight of 1.5 seconds the angle of elevation changes to 30º. If the jet is
flying at a constant height of 1500 3 m. Find the speed of the jet.

ASSERTION REASON:
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (a) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (r) is true.
1. Assertion (A) : If angle of elevation is 60º, distance from base is equal to the
height.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -91-

 Reason (R) : The value of tan 45º is 1.
2. Assertion (A) : The height of a pole is 6 m, then angle of depression from the
top will be 45º at a distance of 6 m from the base.
Reason (R) : The angle formed by the line of sight with the verticle is called
the angle of depression.
3. Assertion (A) : As the distance from the base increases, the angle of elevation
decreases.
Reason (R) : Angle of elevation does not depend on distance from base.
4. Assertion (A): In the figure, if BC = 20 m, then height AB is 11.56 m.

AB perpendicular
Reason (R): tan    where  is the angle ACB .
BC base
5. Assertion (A): If the length of shadow of a vertical pole is equal to its height,
then the angle of elevation of the sun is 45º.
Reason (R): According to pythagoras theorem, h2 = l 2 + b 2, where h =
hypotenuse, l = length and b = base.
CASE STUDY: (4 Marks)
1. The brick kilns played an important role during the COVID-19 crisis by
preserving rural industries. These industries adapted to environment-friendly
technologies and practices.
One such brick kiln is located at the outskirts of a city. The chimney removes
harmful gases formed due to incomplete combustion of coal use in brick
kilns. A street runs at a distance of 200 m from the chimney. At a distance of
200 m, the angle of elevation of the top of chimney is 60º. Based on the
above information, answer the following questions.

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 (i) What is the height of chimeny?
(ii) What will be the length of the hypotenuse in thei sase?
(iii) Find the area of the triangle formed in this case?
(iv) What will be the perimeter of the triangle formed in this case? (Take
3  1.732 )
(v) The ratio of the height of the chimney and length of the base level is
given by
2. Raju has a beautiful graden in his house. In the garden, he has planted
different types of trees and flower plants. One day due to heavy rain and
storm, one of the trees was broken as shown in the figure.

The height of the non-broken part was 15 m and the broken part of the
treehad fallen a 20 m away from the base of the tree. Based on the above
information, answer the following questions.
(i) What is the length of the broken part?
(ii) What is the total heght of the full tree?
(iii) What is the area of the formed right-angled triangle?
(iv) What is the perimeter of the formed triangle?
(v) What is the length ogf the hypotenuse in the case?

3. There are two temples on each bank of a river. One temple is 50 m high. A
man, who is standing on the top of 50 m high temple, observed from the top
that angled of depression of the top and foot of other temple are 30º and 60º
respectively. (Take 3  1.73 )

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -93-

 (i) Measure of ADF is equal to
(ii) Measure of ACB is equal to
(iii) Width of the river is
(iv) Height of the other temple is
(v) Angle of depression is always

4. There are two windows in a house. First window is at the height of 2 m above
the ground and other window is 4 m vertically above the lower window.
Ankit and Radha are sitting inside the two windows at points G and F
respectively. At an instant, the angles of elevation of a balloon from these
windows are observed to be 60º and 30º as shown below.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Who is more closer to the balloon?
(ii) Value of DF is equal to
(iii) Value of h is
(iv) Height of the balloon from the ground is
(v) If the balloon is moving towards the building, then both angle of el-
evation will

5. A circus artist is climbing through a 15 m long rope which is highly stretched

and tied from the top of a vertical pole to the ground as shown below.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

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 (i) Find the height of the pole, if anlge made by rope to the ground level
is 45º.
(ii) If the angle made by the rope to the ground level is 45º, then find the
distance between artist and pole at ground level.
(iii) Find the height of the pole if the angle made by the rope to the ground
level is 30º.
(iv) If the angle made by the rope to the ground level is 30º and 3 m rope
is broken, then find the height of the pole.
(v) Which mathematical concept is used here?

Answers:
MCQ
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (b)
7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (d)
13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (c)
19. (d) 20. (a)
Two Marks Questions:
Level - 1

1. 45º 2. 30º 3. 75 3 m 4. 75 3 m

5. 150 3 m)
Three Marks Questions:
Level - 2
1. 50 m 2. 6.82 m 3. 15.35 m 4. 120 m

5. (i) 20 m (ii) 20 3 m 6. 28 m

Five Marks Questions:

Level - 3
1. 16 min 23 sec 2. 2598 m 3. 236.5 m, 136.5 m)
4. 1.366 km 5. 120 m 6. 6.83 km
ASSERTION REASON:
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (c)
Case Study -1

(i) 200 3 m (ii) 400 m (iii) 10000 m2

(iv) 946.4 m (v) 3 :1

Case Study - 2

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -95-

(i) 25 m
(ii) 40 m
(iii) 150 m2
(iv) 60 m
(v) 25 m
Case Study - 3
(i) 30º
(ii) 60º
(iii) 28.90 m
(iv) 33.33 m
(v) an acute angle
Case Study - 4
(i) Radha

(ii) h 3m
(iii) 2
(iv) 8m
(v) increase
Case Study - 5

15
(i) m
2

15
(ii) m
2
(iii) 7.5 m
(iv) 6m
(v) Application of Trigonometry

-96- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -97-
 CHAPTER - 10
CIRCLES
One Mark Questions:
Level -1
1. Number of tangents that can be drawn from a point outside the circle is
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) infinite
2. In the figure given below, PA and PB are tangents to the circle drawn from
an external point P to a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm. If PA  PB ,
then length of each tangent is
(a) 3 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 4 cm
3. In the figure given below, PA and PB are tangents to the circle drawn from
an external point P, if APB  60º , then find OAB

(a) 30º (b) 60º (c) 90º (d) None of these

4. In the given figure, AB is a chord of the circle with centre O and PQ is a
tangent at point B of the circle. If AOB  110º , then ABQ is

(a) 35º (b) 55º (c) 45º (d) 70º

5. ED is the tangent to the circle with centre O. BCD  52º , then CAB
equal to

-98- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 (a) 38º (b) 76º (c) 52º (d) 46º
6. How many tangents, parallel to a secant can a circle have?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) none of these
7. The tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle are ...........
(a) parallel (b) perpendicular
(c) intersecting (d) none of these
8. Two concentric circles are of radii 13 cm and 12 cm. What is the length (in
cm) of the chord of the larger circle which touches the smaller circle?
(a) 8 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 10 cm (d) 4 cm
9. If four sides of a quadrilateral ABCD are tangential to a circle, then
(a) AB+CD=AD+BC (b) AC+AD=BD+CD
(c) AB+CD=AC+BC (d) None of these
10. If tangents PA and PB from a point P to a circle with centre O are inclined to
each other at angle of 80, then POA is equal to :
(a) 80º (b) 40 (c) 100º (d) 50º
11. In the ajoining figure, PQ and PR are tangents from P to a circle with centre
O. If POR  55º , then QPR is

(a) 35º (b) 55º (c) 70º (d) 80º

12. If tangents PA and PB from an exterior point P to a circle with centre O are
inclined to each other at an angle of 80º, then POA is equal to
(a) 50º (b) 60º (c) 70º (d) 100º
13. In the adjoining figure, PA and PB are tangents from point P to a circle with
centre O. If the radius of the circle is 5 cm and PA  PB , then the length OP
is equal to

(a) 5 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 7.5 cm (d) 5 2 cm

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -99-

14. At one end A of a diameter AB of a circle of radius 5 cm, tangent XAY is
drawn to the circle. The length of the chord CD parallel to XY and at a
distance 8 cm from A is
(a) 4 cm (b) 5 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 8 cm
15. If radii of two concentric circles are 4 cm and 5 cm, then the length of each
chord of one circle which is tangent to the other is
(a) 3 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 1 cm
16. In the adjoining figure, AT is tangent to the circle with centre O at A such
that OT = 4 cm and OTA  30º . Then AT is equal to

(a) 4 cm (b) 2 cm (c) 2 3 cm (d) 4 3 cm

17. Two tangents inclined at an angle of 60º are drawn to a circle of radius 3 cm,
then the length of each tangent is

3 3
(a) cm (b) 6 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 3 3 cm
2
18. In the adjoining figure, O is the centre of a circle and PQ is a chord. It the
tangent PR at P makes an angle of 50º with PQ, the POQ is

(a) 100º (b) 80º (c) 90º (d) 75º

19. In the adjoining figure, sides BC, CA and AB of ABC touch a circle at point
D, E and F erspectively. If BD = 4 cm, DC = 3 cm and CA = 8 cm, then the
length of side AB is

-100- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 (a) 12 cm (b) 11 cm (c) 10 cm (d) 9 cm
20. How many tangents are there in a circle
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) infinite
Two Marks Questions:
Level - 1
1. In the given figure, common tangents AB and CD to two circles with centres
O1 and O2 intersect at E. Prove that AB = CD

2. A point P is 13 cm from the Centre of the circle, the length of tangents

drawn from point P to the circle is 12 cm. Find the radius of the circle.
3. Two tangents PA and PB are drawn from an external point P to a circle with
centre O. Prove that AOBP is a cyclic quadrilateral.
4. Prove that the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius
through the point of contact.
Level - 2
1. AB and CD are common tangents to two circles of unequal radii. Prove that
AB = CD

2. ABC is an isosceles triangle, in which AB = AC, circumscribing a circle.

Show that BC is bisected at point of contact.

3. In the given figure, AT is a tangent to the circle with centre O such that OT =
4 cm and OTA  30º . Find the length of AT.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -101-

Level - 3
1. In the given figure, AP is tangent to the circle with centre O. OA = 16 units,
AP = 30 units, QP = x find x.

2. In the following figure, two circles touch each other externally at C. Prove
that the common tangent at C bisects the other two common tangents.

3. If PA and PB are tangents to a circle from a point P, such that PA = 10 cm

and APB  60º . Find the length of chord AB.
Three Marks Questions:
Level - 1
1. Prove that the lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to the circle
are equal.
2. In the given figure, ABC is circumscribing a circle. Find the length of BC.

-102- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

3. In the given figure, O is the centre of two concentric circles of radii 5 cm and
3 cm respectively. From an external point P, PA and PB are tangents drawn
to the external circle and internal circle respectively. If PA = 12 cm then find
PB.

Level - 2
1. A circle is touching the side BC of a ABC at X and is touching AB and AC
when produced, at P and Q respectively. Prove that AQ = 1/2 (Perimeter of
ABC )

2. In the given figure, two circles touch each other at C. AB is the common
tangent. Find ACB .

3. PQ is a tangent at a point C to a circle with centre O. If AB is a diameter and

CAB  30º , find PCA .

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -103-

Level - 3
1. Two tangents making at angle of 120º with each other, are drawn to a circle
of radius 6 cm. Show that the length of each tangent is 2 3 cm.

2. ABC is a right angled at B with AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 cm. A circle with centre

O has been inscribed inside the triangle. Find the radius of the inscribed
circle.

3. In the given figure TAS is a tangent to the circle, with centre O, at the point
A. If OBA  32º , find the value of x and y.

Five Marks Questions:

Level - 1
1. In the given fig. from an external point P, two tangents PT and PS are drawn
to a circle with Centre O and radius r. If PO = 2r, show that
OTS  OST  30º .

-104- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

2. In the given figure, the circle touches the sides of ABC , BC, CA and AB at
D, E and F respectively. Show that AF + BD + CE = AE +BF + CD = 1/2.
(Perimeter of ABC )

3. ABC is an isosceles triangle inscribed in a circle. If AB = AC = 12 5 cm and

BC = 24 cm, find the radius of the circle.
Level - 2
1. In the given fig., AB is a tangent to the circle, if AC = BC = 9 cm, and CD = 7
cm then find AD.

2. In the adjoining figure OD is perpendicular to the chord AB of a circle with

centre O show that AC||DO and AC = 2 × OD.

3. In the given figure, PT is tangent and PAB is a secant, if PT = 6 cm, AB = 5

cm. Find the length PA.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -105-

Level - 3
1. In the given figure, two circle of equal radius with centres O and O’ touch
each other at X. OO’ produced meets the circle with centre O’ at A. AC is the
tangent to the circle with centre O, at point C. O’D is perpendicular to AC.
Find the value of DO’/CO.

2. The radii of two concentric circles are 13 cm and 8 cm. AB is a diameter of

the bigger circle and BD is a tangent to the smaller circle touching it at D
and intersecting the larger Circle at E on producing. Find the length of AD.

3. AB is a line segment of length 12 cm and M is its mid point. Semi circles are
drawn with AM, MB and AB as diameters on same side of the line AB. A
circle with centre O and radius r is drawn so that it touches all the 3 semi
circles. It touches the circle with diameter AM at the point P, the circle with
diameter MB at the point Q and the circle with diameter AB at the point R.
Find the value of r if L and N are the mid points of AM and MB respectively
and the points O, P, L; the points O, Q, N and the points R, O, M are collinear.

-106- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

4. In the quadrilateral ABCD if D  90º , O is the centre of circle with radius.
(r), BC = 38, cm, CD = 25 cm, & BP = 27 cm then find the value of r.

ASSERTION REASON:
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
1. Assertion (A) : At a point P of a circle with centre O and radius 12 cm, a
tangent PQ of length 16 cm is drawn. Then, OQ =20 cm.
Reason (R) : The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the
radius through the point of contact.
2. Assertion (A) : In the given figure, QR is a common tangent to the given
circles, touching externally at the point T. The tangent at T meets QR at P. If
PT = 3.8 cm then the length of QR is 3.8 cm.

Reason (R) : Tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal in
length
3. Assertion (A): If in a circle, the radius of the circle is 3 cm and distance of a
point from the centre of a circle is 5 cm, then length of the tangent will be 4
cm.
Reason (R): (hypotenuse)2 = (base)2 + (height)2

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -107-

4. Assertion (A): The two tangents are down to a circle from the external point,
than they subtend equal angles at the centre.
Reason (R): A parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.
5. Assertion (A): If in a cyclic quadrilateral, one angle is 40º, then the opposite
angle is 140º.
Reason (R): Sum of opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to 360º.
CASE STUDY: (4 Marks)
1. An international school in Hyderabad organised an Interschool Throwball
Tournament for girls just after the pre-board exam. The throw ball team was
very excited. The team captain Anjali directed the team to assemble in the
ground for practices. Only three girls Priyanshi. Swetha and Aditi showed
up. The rest did not come on the pretext of preparing for pre-board exam.
Anjali drew a circle of radius 5 m on the ground. The centre A was the
position of Priyanshi. Anjali marked a point N, 13 m away from centre A as
her own position. From the point N , she drew two tangential lines NS and
NR and gave positions S and R to Swetha and Aditi. Anjali throws the ball to
Priyanshi, Priyanshi throws it to Swetha, Swetha throws it to Anjali, Anjali
throws it to Aditi, Aditi throws it to Priyanshi, Priyanshi throws it to Swetha
and so on.

(i) What is the measure of NSA ?

(ii) Find the distance between Swetha and Anjali

(iii) How far does Anjali have to throw the ball towards Aditi?

(iv) If SNR is equal to  , then which of the following is true?

(v) If SNR is equal to  , then NAS 

2. ONLINE TEST
In an online test, Ishita comes across the statement. If a tangent is drawn to
a circle from an external point, then the square of the length of the equal to
the difference of squares of distance of the tangent from the centre of the
circle and radius of the circle.

-108- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 Help Ishta to answer the following
(i) If AB is a tangent to a circle with centre O and B such that AB = 10 cm
and OB = 5 cm, the find OA.
(ii) In the given fig., find the length of tangents.

3. In a park, four poles are standing at positions A, B, C and D around the

fountain such that the cloth joining the poles. AB, BC, CD and DA touches
the fountain at P, Q, R and S respectively as shown in the figure.

Basedon the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) If O is the centre of the circular fountain, then OSA 

(ii) Which of the following is correct?

(iii) If DR = 7 cm and AD = 11 cm, then AP =

(iv) If O is the centre of the fountain, with OCR  60º , then QOR 

4. Smita always find it confusing with the conceps of tangent and secant of a
circle. But this time she has determined herself to get concepts easier. So,
she started listing down the differences between tangent and secant of a
circle along with their relation. Here, some points in question form are listed
by Smita in her notes. Try answering them to clear your concepts also.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -109-

 (i) A line intersects a circle exactly at two points is called
(ii) Number of tangents that can be drawn on a circle is
(iii) Number of tangents that can be drawn to a circle from a point not on
it, is
(iv) Number of secants that can be drawn to a circle from a point on it is
(v) A line that touches a circle at only one point is called
5. A backyard is in the shape of a triangle with right angle at B, AB = 6 m and
BC = 8 m. A pit was dig inside it such that it touches the walls AC, BC and
AB at P, Q and R respectively such that AP = x m.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) The value of AR =
(ii) The value of BQ =
(iii) The value of CQ =
(iv) Which of the following is correct?
(v) Radius of the pit is

-110- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

Answer:
MCQ:
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (b)
7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (a)
13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (a)
19. (d) 20. (d)
Two Marks
Level - 1
2. 5cm
Level - 2

3. 2 3 cm
Level - 3
1. QP = 18 units 3. 10 cm
Three Marks
Level -1

2. BC = 10 cm 3. 4 10 cm
Level - 2
2. ACB  90º
3. PCA  60º
Level - 3
2. 2 cm 3. X = 58º, y = 58º
Five Marks
Level - 1
3. Radius = 15 cm
Level - 2
1. AD = 12 cm 3. 4 cm
Level - 3
1. 1/3 2. 19 cm
3. 2 cm 4. r = 14 cm
Assertion Reason
1. (a) 2. (d)
Case Study -1
(i) 90º
(ii) 12 m
MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -111-
(iii) 12 m
(vi) RAS  180  


(v) 90 
2
Case Study - 2

(i) 5 5 cm (ii) 15 cm

Case Study - 3
(i) 90º
(ii) AS = AP
(iii) 4 cm
(iv) 120º
Case Study - 4
(i) Secant
(ii) Infinite
(iii) 2
(iv) infinite
(v) tangent
Case Study - 5
(i) xm
(ii) (6 – x) m
(iii) (4 + x) m
(v) 2 cm

-112- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -113-
 CHAPTER - 12
AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES
One Mark Questions:
MCQs
1. A steel wire when bent in the form of a square encloses an area of 121 cm 2,
then the area enclosed by the same wire, when bent in the form of a circle
is
(a) 157 cm2 (b) 150 cm2 (c) 154 cm2 (d) 164 cm2
2. The area of the largest clrcle that can be drawn inside a rectangle with sides
18 cm and 14 cm is
(a) 49 cm2 (b) 154 cm2 (c) 378 cm2 (d) 1078 cm2
3. The perimeters of a circular and a square field are equal. If the area of the
square field is 484 m2, the diameter of the circular field is
(a) 14 m (b) 21 m (c) 28 m (d) None of these
4. The length of the rope by which a cow must be tethered so as to graze an
area of 9856 m2 is
(a) 56 m (b) 64 m (c) 88 m (d) 168 m
5. If an arc makes an angle of 72º at the centre of a circle of radius 10 cm, its
length is

(a) 4 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 7 cm (d) 8 cm

6. The radius of the wheel of a car is 7 cm and the wheel makes 10 revolutions
in 15 seconds. Then the speed of the wheel is
(a) 29.49 km/h (b) 31.68 km/h
(c) 36.25 km/h (d) 32.72 km/h
7. A crater (A large bowl shaped cavity) falls near a park creating a pit of diameter
200 m. Then, the affected area of the land is
(a) 31428.57 m2 (b) 31400.27 m2
(c) 31428 m2 (d) 31430 m2
8. If the area of a circle is 24.64 m2, its circumference is
(a) 14.64 m (b) 16.36 m
(c) 17.60 cm (d) 18.40 m
9. If the concentric circles have radii 350 m and 490 m, the difference in their
circumferences is
(a) 960 m (b) 990 m (c) 890 m (d) None of these
10. If the perimeter of a semicircular protractor is 36 cm, its diameter is
(a) 14 m (b) 16 m (c) 18 cm (d) 20 cm

-114- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

11. A water sprinkler in a lawn sprays water as far as 7 m in all directions. Then,
the length of the centre adge of wet grass is
(a) 50 m (b) 49 m (c) 44 m (d) 47 m
12. The angle subtended by an arc of length 11 cm at the centre of a circle of
radius 7 cm is
(a) 60º (b) 70º (c) 80º (d) 90º
13. The difference between the circumference and the radius of a circle is 37
cm. Then area of the circle is
(a) 111 cm2 (b) 184 cm2 (c) 154 cm2 (d) 259 cm2
14. The area of sector of a circle of radius 5 cm, formed by an arc of length 3.5
cm is
(a) 55 cm2 (b) 8.75 cm2 (c) 350 cm2 (d) 17.5 cm2
15. If the ratio of the radii of the two wheels is 3:4, the ratio of their circumference
is
(a) 3:4 (b) 3:5 (c) 3:6 (d) none of these
16. If the sum of the areas of two circle with radii r 1 and r2 is equal to the area of
a circle of radius r, then

(a) r12  r22  r 2 (b) r1  r2  r (c) r12  r22  r 2 (d) r12  r22  r 2

17. The radius of a circle whose circumference is equal to the sum of

circumferences of the two circles of diameters 36 cm and 20 cm is
(a) 56 cm (b) 42 cm (c) 28 cm (d) 16 cm
18. The diameter of a circle whose area is equal to the sum of the areas of the
two circles of radii 24 cm and 7 cm is
(a) 31 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 62 cm (d) 50 cm
19. It is purposed to build a single circlar park equal in area to the sum of the
areas of two circular parks of diameters 16 m and 12 m in a locality. The
radius of the new park would be
(a) 10 m (b) 15 m (c) 20 m (d) 24 m
20. If a bicycle wheel makes 5000 revolutions in moving 11 km, then the diameter
of the wheel is
(a) 35 cm (b) 70 cm (c) 1.4 m (d) 70 m
Two Marks Questions:
Level - 1
1. If circumference and the area of a circle are numerically equal, find the
diameter of the circle.
2. Find the area of a quadrant of a circle whose circumference is 22 cm.
3. What is the area of the largest circle that can be drawn inside a rectangle of

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -115-

 length a cm and breadth b cm.
4. If the perimeter of a semi-circular protractor is 36 cm, find its diameter.
5. A race track is in the form of a ring whose inner circumference is 352 m, and
the outer circumference is 396 m. Find the width of the track.
Level - 2
1. A wire is looped in the form of a circle of radius 28 cm. It is reverted into a
square form. Determine the side of the square.
2. Find the area of square inscribed in a circle of diameter p cm.

3. Find the area of a sector of a circle whose radius is r and length of the arc is
‘l’
4. If a square is insribed in a circle, what is the ratio of the areas of the circle
and the square?

5. What is the area of the largest triangle that is inscribed in a semi circle of
radius r unit?

6. What is the angle subtended at the centre of a circle of radius 10 cm by an

arc of length 5 cm ?

-116- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

7. If the permeter of a semicircular protractor is 66 cm, find the diameter of the
22
protractor. (Take   )
7
Three Marks Questions:
Level - 1
1. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle of 60º at the centre.
Find
(i) the length of an arc
(ii) area of the sector formed by the arc.
(iii) the area of segment made by this arc.
2. In the given fig. the shape of the top of a table is that of a sector of a circle
with centre O & AOB = 90º. If AO = OB = 42 cm, then find the permeter of
22
the top of the table. (Use   )
7

3. Find the ratio of the areas of a circle and an equilateral triangle whose
diameter and a side are respectively equal.
Level - 2
1. The minute hand of a clock is 10 cm long. Find the area swept by the minute
hand between 9:00 am & 9:35 am.

5
2. In the fig. O is the centre of a circle. The area of sector OAPB is of the
18
area of the circle. Find x.

3. In the given fig., ABC is rt .d at B, with AB = 14 cm & BC = 24 cm. With
the vertices A, B and C as centres, arcs are drawn each of radius 7 cm. Find

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -117-

 22
the area of the shaded region. (Use   ).
7

4. ABC is a right triagle, right angled at A. Find the area of the shaded region if
AB = 6 cm, BC = 10 cm & O is the centre of the incircle of ABC .(Take  =
3.14).

Level - 3
1. Find the area of the shaded region given in fig.

2. Three semicircles each of diameters 3 cm, a circle of diameters 4.5 cm and a

semicircle of radius 4.5 cm are drawn in the given figure. Find the area of
the shaded region.

-118- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

3. The diagram shows two arc A and B. Arc A is a part of circle with centre O
and radius OP. Arc B is part of the circle with centre M and radius PM,
where M is the mid point of PQ. Show that the area enclosed by the two arcs
  2
is equal to 25  3   cm .
 6

4. OAQB is a quadrant of a circle with centre O. C is the mid pt. on OB if OC =

OB = 7 cm. Find the aera of the shaded region.

5. AB is the diameter of circle with centre O. C is a point on the cicumference

such that COB   . The area of the minor segment cut off by AC equal to
  1  
twice the area of sector BOC. Prove that sin cos   
2 2  2 120 

6. An elastic belt is placed around the rim of a pulley of radius 5 cm. One point
on the belt is pulled directly away from the centre O the pulley until is at
point P, 10 cm away from O. Find the length of the pulley of the belt that is
in contact with the rim of the pulley. Also find the shaded area.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -119-

7. In an Atta Chakki the rim of the belt is moving on ABPC. Find the length of
the belt which is contact with the circle.

8. Find area of the shaded region if CB = 9 cm & ED = 5 cm. (   3.14 )

Hint: 2R – 2r = 9 cm  R – R = 4.5 cm
AOD ~ DOC
 OD 2  OA  OC
 R  25cm
9. In fig. ABCD is a trapezium with AB||DC & BCD  60º . If BFEC is a sector
of circle with centre C and AB = BC = 7 cm & DE = 4 cm, find shaded area.

-120- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

10. Find shaded area of ABCD (rectangle) with AB = 8 cm, BC = 6 cm.

  
11. In fig. prove that, perimeter of shaded region r  tan   sec    1
 180 

ASSERTION REASON:
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (a) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (r) is true.
1. Assertion (A) : A circular wre of radius 28 cm is bent into a square, then the
area of square is 1936 cm2.
Reason (R) : Angle described by a minute hand in 60 minutes is twice of
straight angle.

2. Assertion (A): In the given figure, area of shaped region is 16 m2.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -121-

 Reason (R): Area of a ring shaped structure with internal and external radii
as r1 and r2 respectively, is  r1  r2  .
2 2

 r 2
3. Assertion (A) : Area of a sector with radius ‘r’ and central angle  is .
360º

Reason (R) : Area of a circle is  r 2 .

4. Assertion (A) : A car wheel has radius 35 cm and it covers a distance of 77 km

in one hr, then number of revolutions made by wheel are 35000.

Reason (R): Area of a circle is  r 2 , where r is the radius of circle.q

5. Assertion (A) : Area of segment of a circle having radius 7 cm and central

49
angle 60º is [2  3 3]cm 2 .
12

Reason (R) : Area of sector of a circle with radius ‘r’ and central angle ‘  ’ is
 r 2
.
360º

CASE STUDY : (4 Marks)

1. Pookalam is the flower bed or flower pattern designed during Onam in Kerala.
It is similar as Rangoli in North India and Kolam in Tamil Nadu.

During the festival of Onam, your school is planning to conduct a Pookalam

competition. Your friend who is a partner in competition, suggests two designs
given below.

Observe these carefully.

Design I : This design is made with a circle of radius 32 cm leaving equilateral

triangle ABC in the middle as shown in the given figure.
Design II: This Pookalam is made with 9 circular design each of radius 7 cm.
Refer Design I:
1. The side of equilateral triangle is
2. The altitude of the equilateral triangle is

-122- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 Refer Desgn II:
3. The area of square is
4. Area of each circlar design in
5. Area of the remaining portion of the square ABCD is

2. A Brooch
A brooch is a small piece of jewellery which has a pin at the back so it can be
fastened on a dress, blouse or coat.
Designs of some brooch are shown below. Observe them carefully.

Design A: Brooch A is made with silver wire in the form of a circle with
diameter 28 mm. The wire used for making 4 diameters which divide the
circle into 8 equal parts.
Design B: Brooch B is made two colurs_ Gold and silver. Outer part is made
with Gold. The circmference of silver part is 44 mm and the gold part is 3
mm wide everywhere.
Refer to Design A
1. Calculate the total length of silver wire required is
2. Find the area of each sector of the brooch
Refer to Design B
3. The circumference of outer part (golden) is .......
4. The difference of areas of golden and silver parts is ..........
3. Choosing Representative of the Students
Principle of a school decided to give badges to students who are chosen for
the post of Head boy, Head girl, Prefect and Vice Prefect. Badges are circular
in shape with two colour area, red ad silver, as shown in figure. Thediameter
of the region representing red colour is 22 cm and silver colour is filled in
10.5 cm wide ring.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -123-

 Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) The radius of circle representing the red region is
(ii) Find the area of the red region
(iii) Find the radius of the circle formed by combining the red and silver
region.
(iv) Find the area of the silver region.
(v) Area of the circular path formed by two concentric circles of radii r 1
and r2 (r1 > r2) =

4. Area of Button
While doing dusting a maid found a button whose upper face is of black
colour, as shown in the figure. The diameter of each of the smaller identical
circles is 1/4 of the diameter of the larger circle whose radius is 16 cm.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) The area of each of the smaller circle is
(ii) The area of the larger circle is
(iii) The area of the black colour region is
(iv) The area of quadrant of a smaller circle is
(v) If two concentric circles are of radii 2 cm and 5 cm, then the area
between them is

-124- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

5. Layout of a House
Mr. Ramanand purchased a plot QRUT to build his house. He leave space of
two congruent semicircles for gardening and a rectangular area of breadth 3
cm for car parking.

Based on the above infrmation, answer the following questions.

(i) Area of square PQRS is
(ii) Area of rectangle left for car parking is
(iii) Radius of semi-circle is
(iv) Area of a semi-circle is
(v) Find the area of the shaded region.

Answers:
MCQ
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (c)
7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (b)
13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (d)
19. (a) 20. (b)
2 Marks
Level -1

b2
1. 4 units 2. 9.624 cm 2
3. cm2 4. 14 cm
4

2
5. 2618 m2 6. 90º 7. 25 cm
3
Level - 2

P2 1
1. 44 cm 2. cm 2 3. lr sq unit 4.  : 2
2 2
5. r2 sq unit
3 Marks
Level - 1

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -125-

 21 
(i) 22 cm (ii) 231 cm2 (iii)  44  21 3  cm 2
4


2. 282 cm 3.
3
Level - 2
1. 183.166 cm2 2. 100º 3. 91 cm2 4. 11.44 cm2
Level - 3

63 99
1. (180 – 8  ) cm2 2.  cm 2 or cm 2 5. 77cm2
16 8

176
7. (i) 20.03cm2 (ii) 17.07 cm2 8. cm
6
ASSERTION REASON:
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (a)
7. (a)
Case Study - 1
1. 13 3 cm
2. 12 cm
3. 1764 cm2
4. 154 cm2
5. 378 cm2
Case Study - 2
1. 280 mm
2. 77m2
3. 62.86 mm
4. 51 
Case Study - 3
(i) 11 cm
(ii) 380.28 cm2
(iii) 21.5 cm
(iv) 1072.50 cm2

(v)  r12  r22  sq. units

Case Study - 4
(i) 50.28 cm2
(ii) 804.57 cm2
(iii) 13.68 cm2
(iv) 12.57 cm2

-126- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

(v) 66 cm2
Case Study - 5
(i) 729 cm2
(ii) 81 cm2
(iii) 6.75 cm
(iv) 71.59 cm2
(v) 700 cm2

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -127-

-128- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 CHAPTER - 13
SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

IMPORANT TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND FORMULAE

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -129-

One Mark Questions:
MCQ:
Level -1
1. Th shape of a gilli, in the gilli-danda game is a combination of
(a) two cylinders (b) one cone and one cylinder
(c) two cones and one cylinder (d) two cylinders and one cone
2. A Surahi is the combination of :
(a) a sphere and a cylinder (b) a hemisphere and a cylinder
(c) two hemispheres (d) a cylinder and a cone
3. Given figure is a combination of :

(a) two cones and one sphere (b) two cones

(c) one sphere and one cone (d) one cone and one cylinder
4. A maximum diameter of sphere is carved out from the cube of edge 6 cm.
The diameter of sphere is :
(a) 3 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 12 cm (d) 9 cm
5. A cylinder and a cone have same base and same base and same height. The
ratio of their volumes is:
(a) 3:1 (b) 1:3 (c) 2:3 (d) 3:2
6. The length of the longest pole that can be kept in a room (12 m × 9 m × 8 m)
is :
(a) 17 m (b) 19 m (c) 21 m (d) 29 m
7. If two cubes of edge 3 cm each are joined end to end, then the surface area
of the resulting cuboid is:
(a) 90 cm2 (b) 95 cm2 (c) 92 cm2 (d) 94 cm2
8. If two solid hemispheres of same base radius r are joined together along
their bases, then curved surface area of this new solid is:
(a) 4 r 2 (b) 6 r 2 (c) 3 r 2 (d) 8 r 2
9. Suppose h and r be the height and radius of cylinder. If cylinder is cut from
the middle part, then the volume of the remaining part of cylinder is :

 r 2h
(a) r h
2 (b) (c) 2 r 2h (d) None of these
2
10. Suppose height and radius of a solid cylinder are 15 cm and 6 cm. A cone is
carved out from a cylinder the maximum height of cone is:
(a) 6 cm (b) 15 cm (c) 13 cm (d) 17 cm
11. The volumes of two spheres are in the ratio 64:27. The ratio of their surface
areas is:

-130- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 (a) 4:3 (b) 16:9 (c) 9:16 (d) 2:3
12. The ratio of lateral surface area to the total surface area of a cylinder with
base diameter 1.6 m height 20 cm is:
(a) 1:5 (b) 4:1 (c) 3:2 (d) 2:3
13. The radii of two cylinders are in the ratio 3:5. If their heights are in the ratio
2:3, then the ratio f their curved surface areas is:
(a) 2:5 (b) 5:2 (c) 3:4 (d) 4:3
14. A solid ball is exactly fitted inside the cubical box of side 2 cm. The volume of
the ball is:

16 32 33
(a)  cm 3 (b)  cm 3 (c)  cm 3 (d) None of these
3 3 2
15. A solid cylinder of radius R and height H is placed other cylinder of same
height and radius. The total surface area of the shape so formed is:

(a) 2 R  R  3H  (b) 2 R  R  2H 

(c) 2 R  R  2H  (d) None of these

16. The capacity of a cylinderical vessel with a hemispherical portion raised

upward at the bottom as shown in the figure is:

256 250 245

(a)  cm 3 (b)  cm 3 (c)  cm 3 (d) 256 cm 3
3 3 3
17. If the base area of a cone is 51 cm2 and its volume is 85 cm3, then its vertical
height is
(a) 3.5 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 4.5 cm (d) 5 cm
18. If the surface area of a sphere is 324  cm2, then its volume is
(a) 960  cm3 (b) 972 cm3 (c) 729  cm3 (d) 546.75 cm3
19. A rectangular piece of paper of dimensions 100 cm × 44 cm is rolled along
its length to form a cylinder. The volume of the cylinder so formed is
(a) 15400 cm3 (b) 7700 cm3 (c) 30800 cm3 (d) 15600 cm3
20. If two solid hemispheres of same base radius r are joined together along
their bases, then the curved surface of this new solid is

(a) 4r 2 (b) 6r 2 (c) 3r 2 (d) 8r 2

Two Marks Questions:
Level - 1
MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -131-
1. Find the volume of right circular cylinder which has a height of 21 cm & the
base radius 5 cm. Find also the CSA of the cylinder.

22
2. The surface area of a sphere is 616 cm 2. Find its radius. (Use   ).
7

3. How many cubes each of side 2 cm can be cut from a cube of side 6 cm.
Level - 2
1. In the fig., a right circular cylinder just encloses a sphere of radius r. Find
CSA of the cylinder.

2. Find the radius of the lergest right circular cone that can be cut out from a
cube of edge 4.2 cm.
3. A rectangular sheet of paper 44 cm × 18 cm is rolled along its length & a
22
cylinders is formed. Find the volume of the cylinder. (   ).
7

4. Two cubes each of edge 4 cm are joined end to end. Find the suface area of
the resulting cuboid.
Level - 3
1. A conical tent is to accomodate 11 persons. Each person must have 4 sq. m
of space on the ground & 20 m3 of air to breathe. Find the height of the
cone.
Three Marks Questions:
Level - 1
1. A semicircular sheet of metal of diameter 28 cm is bent into an open conical
shape cup. Find the depth & capacity of the cup.
2. How many spherical lead shots each 4.2 cm in diameter can be obtained
from a rectangular solid lead with dimensions 66 cm, 42 cm & 21 cm?
3. A cylinder & a cone are of same base radius & of same height. Find the ratio
of the volume of cylinder to that of the cone.
Level - 2
1. A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemisphere. The diameter of the
base of the cone is 18 cm & its height is 12 cm. Calculate the surface area of
the toy. (   3.14 ).
2. Two cubes have their volume in the ratio 1:64. What is the ratio of their
surface areas?

-132- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

3. A cone of height 20 cm & radius of base 5 cm is made up of modelling clay a
child reshpes it in the form of a sphere. Find the diameter of the sphere.
4. The dimensions of a metallic cuboid are 100 cm × 80 cm × 64 cm. It is
melted & recast into a cube. Find the surface area of the cube.
5. A solid sphere of radius 10.5 cm is melted & recast into smaller solid cones,
each of radius 3.5 cm & height 2 cm. Find the number of cones so formed.
22
(  ).
7

6. A hemispherical bowl of internal radius 9 cm is full of water. Its contents are

emptied in a cylindrical vessel of internal radius 6 cm. Find the height of
water in the cylinderical vessel.

2
7. The TSA of a solid cylinder is 231 cm 2. If the CSA of this solid cylinder is
3
22
of its total surface area. Find its radius & height. (Use   ).
7

8. The diameter of a roller 120 cm long is 84 cm. If it takes 500 complete

revolutions to level a playground, determine the cost of levelling it @ 0.30
paise per sq. meter.
9. The circumference of the base of 10 m high conical tent is 44 m. Calculate
the length of canvas used in making the tent if width of canvas is 2 m.
10. A heap of wheat is in the form of a cone of diameter 9 m & height 3.5 m.
Find its volume. How much canvas cloth is required to just cover the help?
(   3.14 )

Level - 3
1. A sector of a circle of radius 12 cm has the angle 120º. It is rolled up so that
p   3.14 two bounding radii are joined together to form a cone. Find the
volume of the cone.
2. A sphere of diameter 18 cm is dropped into a cylinderical vessel of diameter
36 cm, partly filled with water. How much water level will rise (in cm) if the
sphere is completely submerged.
3. A sphere & a cube have equal surface areas. Find the ratio of the volume of
the sphere to that of cube.
4. If, h, c and V resp. are the height, the curved surface area & volume of a
cone, prove that 3Vh 3  c 2h 2  9V 2  0 .

5. Water flows in a tank 150 m × 100 m at the base through a pipe whose cross
section is 2 dm by 1.5 dm at the speed of 15 km/h. In what time will the
water be 3m deep?
6. A well with 10 m inside diameter is due 14 m deep. Earth taken out of it &
spread all around to a width of 5 to form an embankment. Find the height of
embankment.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -133-

7. The surface area of a sphere & a cube are equal. Prove that their volumes are
in the ratio 1 :  /6 .

Five Marks Questons:

Level - 3
1. A solid right circular cone of diameter 14 cm & height 8 cm is melted to form
a hollow sphere. If the external diameter of the sphere is 10 cm. Find the
internal diameter of the sphere. (Ans. 6 cm)
2. Water flows out through a circular pipe whose internal radius is 1 cm, @ 80
cm/sec into an empty cylindrical tank, the radius of whose base is 40 cm.
By hwo much will the level of water rise in the tank in half an hour?
3. A farmer wants to dig a well either in the form of cuboid of dimension 1 m ×
1 m & depth 7 m or in the form of cylinder of diameter 1 m & depth 7 m. The
rate of digging the well is Rs. 500/m3.
(a) Find the cost to dig both the well.s
(b) If the farmer decides to dig the cylindrical well, then which value is
depited?
4. A cylindrical vessel with internal diameter 10 cm & height 10.5 cm is full of
water. A solid cone of base diameter 7 cm & height 6 cm is completely
immersed in water find the volume of
(a) water displaced out of the cylinderical vessle.
(b) water left in the cylindrical vessel.
ASSERTION REASON:
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (a) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (r) is true.
1. Assertion (A): Total surface area of the cylinder having radius of the base 14
cm and height 30 cm is 3872 cm 2.
Reason (R): If r be the radius and h be the height of the cylinder, then total
surface area = ( 2 rh  2 r 2 )
2. Assertion (A): The slant height of the frustum of a cone is 5 cm and the
difference between the radii of its two circular ends is 4 cm. Than the height
of the frustum is 3 cm.
Reason (R): Slant height of the frustum of the cone is given by

R  r 
2
l  h2 .

3. Assertion (A): If the height of a cone is 24 cm and diameter of the base is 14

cm, then the slant height of the cone is 15 cm.
-134- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 Reason (R): If r be the radius and h the slant height of the cone, then slant
height = h2  r2 .
4. Assertion (A): Two identical solid cube of side 5 cm are joined end to end.
Then total surface area of the resulting cuboid is 300 cm 2.
Reason (R): Total surface area of a cuboid is 2(lb + bh + lh).
5. Assertion (A): If the radius of a cone is halved and volume is not changed,
then height remains same.
Reason (R): If the radius of a cone is halved and volume is not changed then
height must become four times of the original height.
CASE STUDY QUESTION: (4 Marks)
1. Rita and Sita were playing with table tops (lattus). Both of them decided to
colour their tops and make them look beautiful. Both the tops were equal in
shape and size. The top is shaped like a cone surmounted by a hemisphere
as shown in the figure. The entire top is 5 cm in height and the diameter of
the top is 3.5 cm.

(i) What is the slant height of the conical part of the top?
(ii) What is the total surface area of the toy?
2. Due to sudden floods, some welfare associations jointly requested government
to get 100 tents. The tents were to be constructed in such a way that the
lower part of each tent is of the form of a cylinder of diameter 4.2 m and
height 4 m with conical upper part of same diameter but height 2.8 m.
These tents provied shelter to the affected people and the welfare association
also served the people with soup which was served in hemispherical bowls of
diameter 14 cm each.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -135-

 (i) How much canvas will be needed to make the conical part of each
tent?
(ii) If the canvas used for making the tent costs Rs. 20 per sq. m and the
total area of canvas required is 2512 sq m, then find the total cost of
canvas.
3. Gopal juice shop was a very famous shop in Delhi. They had various varieties
of juice available in their shop. Sulekha brought her kids to the juice shop
for buying mango shake. Sulekha’s daughters Sonu and Monu were very
happy for this treat. Sonu ordered type 1 glass of shake whereas Monu
ordered type 2 glass of shake.

Type - 1 : A glass with hemispherical Type - 2: A glass with conical

raised bottom. raised bottom.
(i) Find the ratio of the capacity of both type of glass?
(ii) Out of Sonu or Monu, who got more quantity of shake to drink and by
how much?
4. Science Project
Arun a 10th standard student makes a project on corona virus in science for
an exhibition in his school. In this project, he picks a sphere which has
volume 38808 cm3 and 11 cylindrical shapes, each of volume 1540 cm3
with length 10 cm.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Diameter of the base of the cylinder is
(ii) Diameter of the sphere is
(iii) Total volume of the shape formed is
(iv) Curved surface area of the one cylindrical shape is
(v) Total area covered by cylindrical shapes on the surface of sphere is

5. Visit to Sanchi Stupa

Ajay is a Class X student. His class teacher Mrs Kiran arranged a historical
-136- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 trip to great Stupa of Sanchi. She explained that Stupa of Sanchi is great
example of architecture in India. Its base part is cylindrical in shape. The
dome of this stupa is hemispherical in shape, known as Anda. It also contains
a cubical shape part called Hemika at the top. Path around Andais known as
Pradakshina Path.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the lateral surface area of the Hermika, if the side of cubical part
is 8 m.
(ii) The diameter and height of the cylindrical base part are respectively
42 m and 12 m. If the volume of each brick used is 0.01 m 3, then find
the number of bricks used to make the cylindrical base.
(iii) If the diameter of the Anda is 42 m, find the volume of the Anda
(iv) The radius of the Pradakshina path is 25 m. If Buddhist priest walks
14 rounds on this path, then find the distance covered by the priest.
(v) The curved surface area of the Anda is .........

Answers:
MCQ
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a)
7. (a) 8. (a) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (b)
16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (a)
Two Marks Questions:
Level - 1
1. 660 m2, 2650 cm3 2. 7 cm 3. 27
Level - 2

1. 4 r 2sq . units 2. 2.1 cm 3. 2772 cm3

4. 160 cm2
Level - 3
1. 15 m
Three Marks Questions:
Level - 1

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -137-

1. V=622.4 cm3, h = 7 2 cm 2. 1500 3. 3:1

Level - 2
1. 932.58 cm2 2. 1:16 3. 10 cm
4. 38400 cm2 5. 126. 6. 1.35 cm

7
7. cm ,7cm 8. 475.20 9. 134.27 m
2
10. V = 74.1825 m3, Cloth area = 80.54 m2
Level - 3

1. 189.61 cm3 2. 3 cm 3. 6: 
4. 5. 100 hrs 6. 4.66 m
Five Marks Questons:
Level - 3
1. 6 cm 2. 90 cm 3. (a) Rs. 35500(b) Rs 2750
4. (a) 77 cm3 (b) 748 cm3

Case Study - 1
(i) 3.69 cm (ii) 39.05 cm2
Case Study - 2
(i) 76.9 cm (ii) Rs. 54020
Case Study - 3
(i) 12:11 (ii) Sonu, 9  cm2.
Case Study - 4
(i) 14 cm (ii) 42 cm
(iii) 55748 cm3 (iv) 440 cm2
(v) 1695 cm2
Case Study - 5
(i) 256 m2 (ii) 1663200
(iii) 19404 m3 (iv) 2200 m
(v) 2772 m2

-138- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -139-
 CHAPTER - 14
STATISTICS
One Mark Question:
MCQ:
1. Which of the following is true?
(a) Mode = 2 Median – Mean (b) Mode = 3 Median + 2 Mean
(c) Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean (d) None of these
2. The mean of the first 10 multiples of 6 is
(a) 3.3 (b) 33 (c) 34 (d) None of these
3. In the given data if n = 230, I = 40, cf = 76, h = 10, f = 65, then its median is
(a) 40 (b) 46 (c) 47 (d) 48
4. Which of the following is true
(a) Mode = 3 Meadian + 2 Mean

3
(b) Median = Mode + [Mean – Median]
2

3
(c) Mean = Mode + [Median – Mode]
2

3
(d) Median = Mode + [Median + Mode]
2

5. For a symmetrical distribution, which is correct

Μedian
(a) Mean > Mode > Median (b) Mode = Mean +
2

(c) Mean < Mode < Median (d) Mean = Median = Mode
6. For the following frequency distribution
Class 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30
Frequency 2 7 18 10 8 5
If the mode and the median are 12.9 and 14.44 respectively, then the mean
is
(a) 15.2 (b) 13 (c) 16 (d) 17
7. Mean of 100 items is 49. It was discovered that three items which should
have been 60, 70, 80 were wrongly read as 40, 20, 50 respectively. The
correct mean is
(a) 48 (b) 49 (c) 50 (d) 60
8. The wickets taken by a bowler in 10 cricket matches are 2, 6, 4, 5, 0, 3, 1, 3,
2, 3.The mode of the data is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
9. While computing mean of a grouped data, we assume that the frequencies
are

-140- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 (a) centered at the lower limits of the classes
(b) centered at the upper limits of the classes
(c) centered at the class marks of the classes
(d) evenly distributed over all the classes
10. Mode is the
(a) middle most frequent value (b) least frequent value
(c) maximum frequent value (d) none of these
11. While computing mean of grouped data, we assume that the frequencies are
(a) evenly distributed over all the classes
(b) centred at the class marks of the classes
(c) centred at the upper limits of the classes
(d) centred at the lower limits of the classes

12. If x 'i s are the mid-points of the class intervals of grouped data f 'i s are the
corresponding frequencies and x is the mean, then f i (xi  x ) is equal to

(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) 2

13. Construction of a cumulative frequency distribution table is useful in
determining the
(a) mean (b) median
(c) mode (d) all the three measures
14. The tims, in seconds, taken by 150 athletes to run a 110 m hurdle race are
tabulated below:

The number of athletes who completed the race in less than 14.6 seconds is
(a) 11 (b) 71 (c) 82 (d) 130
15. Consider the following frequency distribution:

The upper limit of the median class is

(a) 17 (b) 17.5 (c) 18 (d) 18.5
16. Daily wages of a factory workers are recorded as:

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -141-

 The lower limit of the modal class is
(a) 137 (b) 143 (c) 136.5 (d) 142.5
17. For the following distribution:

The sum of lower limits of the median class and modal class is
(a) 15 (b) 25 (c) 30 (d) 35
18. Consider the following data:

The difference of the upper limit of the median class and the lower limit of
the modal class is
(a) 0 (b) 19 (c) 20 (d) 38

ASSERTION REASON:
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (a) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (r) is true.
1. Assertion : Consider the following frequency distribution:
Class Interval 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21
Frequency 2 5 21 23 10 12
The mode of the above data is 12.4
Reason : The value of the variable which occurs most often is the mode.
2. Assertion : If the value of mode and mean is 60 and 66 respectively, then the
value of median is 64.
Reason : Median = (mode + 2 mean)
3. Assertion (A): The arithmatic ean of the following given frequency distribution
table is 13.81.

-142- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 f i
Reason (R): x  f
i

4. Assertion (A): If the number of runs scored by 11 players of a cricket team of

India are 5, 19, 42, 11, 50, 30, 21, 0, 52, 36, 27 then median is 30.
th
 n 1
Reason (R): Median =   value, if n is odd.
 2 
5. Assertion (A): If the value of mode and mean is 60 and 66 respectively, then
the value of median is 64.
Reason (R): Median = (mode + 2 mean)
Two Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1
1. Find the mean of 30 numbers given mean of ten of them is 12 and the mean
of remaining 20 is 9.
2. The mean of ‘n’ observation is x, if the first term is increased by 1 second by
2 and so on. What will be the new mean?
3. The mode of a distribution is 55 and the modal class is 45-60 and the
frequency preceding the modal class is 5 and the frequency after the modal
class is 10. Find the frequency of the modal class.
LEVEL - 2
1. Find the sum of upper limits of median class & modal class.
Class 0-8 8-16 16-24 24-32 32-50
Frequency 12 26 10 9 15
2. The time, in sec., taken by players to run a 110 m hurdle race is tabulated
below:
Time 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35
Frequency 8 11 18 20 75 48
Find the number of players who completed the race in less than 25 sec.
LEVEL - 3
1. The following data gives the information on the observed lifetimes (in hrs.) of
225 electrical components:
Lifetimes (in hrs) 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50
Frequency 49 133 63 5 6 7 4 2 1
Find the modal lifetimes of the components.
2. The following table shows age distribution of persons in a particular region.
Find the median age.
Age Below 10 Below 20 Below 30 Below 40 Below 50 Below 60
No. of Persons 250 190 100 40 15 5
3. The table shows the daily expenditure on food of 25 households in a locality.
Daily exp in (Rs.) 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 72.5 77.5
No. of households 4 4 13 5 6 5 2 1
Find the mean daily expenditure on food.

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -143-

Three Marks Questions:
LEVEL-1
1. Find the median of the data.
Marks 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90
No. of students 7 15 25 20 5 8 10
2. During the medical checkup of 35 students of a class, their weights were
recorded as follows: Find median.
Weight (in kg) less than 14 24 34 44 54 64
No. of students 6 17 38 61 75 80
LEVEL-2
1. The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a
locality. The mean pocket allowance is Rs. 20. Find the missing frequency.
Daily Pocket 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
No. of children 7 P 10 9 13
2. Arithmetic mean of the following freq. distribution is 50. Find the missing
frequencies.
C.I. 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Total
Frequency 17 p 32 q 19 120
LEVEL - 3
1. The marks obtained in a class test by 30 students of a class are as follows:
Marks obtained More
than equal to 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
No. of students 49 44 38 23 13 8 4 2
Find the median.
2. The median of the data is 50. Find the value of p and q if sum of all the
frequencies is 90.
Marks 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 870-80 80-90
No. of students p 15 25 20 q 8 10
Five Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1
1. People were asked about the time spent in a week in doing social work in
their community. They said 10, 7, 13, 10, 20, 15, 10, 14, 12, 16 hours resp.
Find the mean, mode & median time in a week devoted by them for social
work.
2. The following table shows the interest paid by India (in thousand crore rupees)
on external debts during the period 1998-99 to 2002-03.
Year 1998-99 99-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03
Interest 70 84 98 106 120
Calculate the mean.
LEVEL -2
1. The following table shows the distribution of total expenditure of manual
workers during a year.

-144- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 Age group 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50
Expenditure 49 133 63 15 6 7 4 2 1
Find the average expenditure done by maximum number of manual workers
& the mean of the data given above. Compare & interpret the two measures
of central tendency.
2. Form the freq. distribution table from the following data:
Marks obtained more
than or equal to 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
No. of studetns 4 6 11 17 23 27 30 32 34
Find the median & mean of the data.
3. Find the median weight
Weights (in kgs) less than 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
No. of students 0 3 5 9 14 28 32 35
LEVEL - 3
1. The mode of the following freq. distribution is 36. Find the values of x and y.
C.I. 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 Total
Freq. 8 10 x 16 12 y 7 69
2. Find the mean, mode & median of the following data:
xi 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66
fi 2 3 6 15 10 5 4 3 2
3. Compute mean, mode & median of the following data:
Mid. value: 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195
Freq. 6 25 48 72 116 60 38 22 3
Case Study: (4 Marks)
1. Installation of Playing Equipments in Parks
An agency has decided to install customised playground equipments at
various clony parks. For that they decided to study the age-group of children
playing in a park of the particular colony. The classification of children
according to their ages, playing in a park is shown in the following table.
Age group of children (in years) 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14 14-16
Number of children 43 58 70 42 27

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -145-

 Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Find the maximum number of children are of the age-group
(ii) The lower limit of the modal class
(iii) Find the frequency of the class succeeding the modal class
(iv) Find the mode of the ages of children playing in the park is
(v) If mean and mode of the ages of children playing in the park are
same, then median will be equal to ..........
2. Transport department of a city wants to buy some Electric buses for the city.
For which they wants to analyse the distrance travelled by existing public
transport buses in a day.

The following data shows the distance travelled by 60 existing public transprot
buses in a day.
Daily distance travelled (in km) 200-209 210-219 220-229 230-239 239-249
Number of buses 4 14 26 10 6
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) The upper limit of a class and lower limit of its succeeding class is
differ by ...........
(ii) The median class is .............
(iii) What is cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class
(iv) What is median of the distance travelled is .............
(v) If the mode of the distance travelled is 223.78 km, then mean of the
distance travelled by the bus

3. Business Expansion
As the demand for the products grew, a manufacturing company decided to
hire more employees. For which they want to know the mean time required
to complete the work for a worker.
The following table shows the frequency distribution of the time required for
each worker to complete a work.

-146- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

 Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) The class mark of the class 25-29

(ii) If x i ' s denotes the class marks and f i ' s denotes the corresponding
frequencies for the given data, then the value of x i f i equals to .............
(iii) Find the mean time required to complete the work for a worker is
(iv) If a worker works for 8 hrs a day, then find the approximate time
required to complete the work for a worker
(v) Find measure of central tendency

4. Toll Tax Collection

On a particular day, National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) checked the
toll tax collection of a particular toll plaza in Rajasthan.

The following table shows the toll tax paid by drivers and the number of
vehicles on that particular day.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) If A is taken as assumed mean, then the possible value of A is

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -147-

 (ii) If x i ' s denotes the class marks and di ' s denotes the deviation of
assumed mean (A) from x i ' s , then the minimum value of |di |
(iii) The mean of toll tax received by NHAI by assumed mean method
(iv) The mean of toll tax received by NHAI by direct method
(v) The average toll tax received by NHAI in a day, from that particular toll
plaza

5. Groupu Visit to Museum

A group of 71 people visited to a museum on a certain day. The following
table shows their ages.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) If true class limits have been decided by making the classes of interval
10, then first class must be .............
(ii) Find the median class for the given data will be
(iii) Find the cumulative frequency of class preceding the median class
(iv) Finnd the median age of the persons visited the museum
(v) If the price of a ticket for the age group 30-40 is 30, find the total
amount spent by this age group

Answers:
MCQ
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (a)
7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (a)
13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (c)
ASSERTION REASON:
1. (a) 2. (c)
Two Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1

x n  1 
1. 10 2. 3. 15
2

-148- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X

LEVEL - 2
1. 32 2. 57
LEVEL - 3
1. 12.37 2. 1.26 3. 18.07
Three Marks Questions:
LEVEL-1
1. 50 2. 34.87
LEVEL-2
1. 11 2. 28, 24
LEVEL - 3
1. 19.5 2. 7, 5
Five Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1
1. 12.7, 10, 12.5 2. 95.6
LEVEL -2
1. 12.73, 14.8 2. 50, 49.1 3. 46.5
LEVEL - 3
1. 10, 6 2. 61.72, 61, 61 3. 153.64, 154, 4, 153.8
Case Study -1
(i) 10-12 (ii) 10 (iii) 42 (iv) 10.6 yrs
(v) mean and mode
Case Study -2
(i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (b) (iv) (d) (v) (d)
Case Study -3
(i) 27 (ii) 1265
(iv) 3 days (v) Mean, Median, Mode
Case Study -4
(i) 55 (ii) 0
(iii) 52
(iv) equal to the mean of toll tax received by NHAI by assumed mean method
Case Study -5
(i) 0-10 (ii) 30-40
(iii) 22 (iv) 37.5 years
(v) 540

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -149-

-150- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 CHAPTER - 15
PROBABILITY
One Mark Question:
MCQ:
1. The experiment which when repeated under identical conditions produce
the same results or outcomes are known as
(a) random experiments (b) probabilistic experiment
(c) elementary experiment (d) deterministic experiment
2. An outcome of a random experiment is called an ........... event.
(a) elementary (b) complementary
(c) equally-likely (d) None of these
3. An event associated to a random experiment is a compound event if it is
obtained by combining two or more elementary events associated to the
random experiment
(a) True (b) False
(c) Can’t say (d) Partially true/false
4. The sum of probabilities of all the outcomes of an experiment is greater than
one
(a) True (b) False
(c) Can’t say (d) Partially true/false
5. The sum of the probability of all elementary events of an experiment is p,
then
(a) 0<p<1 (b) 0  p<1 (b) p=1 (d) p=0
6. For an event E, P(E) + P( E ) = 1, then
(a) 0  q<1 (b) 0<p  1 (c) 0<q<1 (d) None of these
7. If P(E) = 0.05, the probability of ‘not E’ is ........
(a) 0.85 (b) 0.95 (c) 0.25 (d) None of these
8. If an event cannot occur, then its probability is
(a) 1 (b) 3/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 0
9. Which of the following cannot be the probability of an event?
(a) 1.5 (b) 3/5 (c) 25% (d) 0.3
10. An event is very unlikely to happen. Its probability is closest to
(a) 0.0001 (b) 0.001 (c) 0.01 (d) 0.1
11. A number x is chosen at random from the numbers –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
4. What is the probability that |x|<1?
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2/9 (d) 1/9
12. A letter is chosen at random from the word ‘MATHEMATICS’. What is the
probability that it will be a vowel?
(a) 1/2 (b) 3/8 (c) 3/11 (d) 4/11
MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -151-
13. The probability that an ordinary year contains 53 Sundays is
(a) 2/7 (b) 1/7 (c) 7/53 (d) 7/52
14. If the probability of an event is p, then the probability of its complementary
event will be

1
(a) p–1 (b) p (c) 1–p (d) 1
p
15. If P(A) denotes the probability of an event A, then
(a) P(A) < 0 (b) P(A) > 1 (c) 0  P ( A )  1 (d) 1  P ( A )  1
16. Out of one digit prime numbers, one number is selected at random. The
probability of selecting an even number is

1 1 4
(a) (b) (c) .
2 4 9

2
(d)
5
17. Out of vowels of the English alphabet, one letter is selected at random. The
probability of selecting ‘e’ is

1 5 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
26 26 4 5
18. When a die is thrown, the probability of getting an odd number less than 3
is

1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
6 3 2
19. A fair die is thrown once. The probability of getting an even prime number is

1 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 3 3 2
20. A fair die is thrown once. The probability of getting a composite number is

1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
3 6 3
ASSERTION REASON:
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
1. Assertion : If a box contains 5 white, 2 red and 4 black marbles, then the

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 5
probability of not drawing a white marble from the box is .
11
Reason: P (E )  1  P(E) , where E is any event.
2. Assertion : An event is very unlikely to happen. Its probability is 0.0001
Reason: If P(A) denote the probability of an event A, then 0  P ( A )  1 .
3. Assertion (A): If a box contains 5 white, white, 2 red and 4 black marbles,
5
then the probability of not drawing a white marble from the box is .
11

Reason (R): P (E )  1  P (E ) , where E is any event.

4. Let A and B be two independent events.
2
Assertion (A): If P(A) = 0.3 and P ( A  B )  0.8 then P(B) is
7

Reason (R): P (E )  1  P (E ) , where E is any event.

5. Assertion (A): If P(A) = 0.25, P(B) = 0.50 and P (A  B )  0.14 , then the
probability that neither A nor B occurs is 0.39.
Reason (R): A  B  A  B
Two Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1
1. Two dice are arblesthrown simultaneously. List the sample space for this
experiment.
2. From a well-shuffled pack of cards, a card is drawn at random. Find the
probability of getting a black queen.
3. A dies is thrown once. Find the probability of getting a number less than 3.
4. A bag contains 4 red & 6 black balls. A ball is taken out of the bag at random.
Find the probability of getting a black ball.
5. Two players, Sangeeta & Reshma, play a tennis match. It is known that the
probability of winning the match by Sangeeta is 0.62. What is the probability
of winning the match by Reshma.
6. 17 cards numbered 1, 2, 3, .....17 are put in a box & mixed throughly. One
person draws a card from the box. Find the probability of getting a prime
number on the card.
7. Fill in the blanks: (i) Probability of a sure event is ...............
(ii) Probability of an impossible event is .......(Ans. 1, 0)
LEVEL - 2
1. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards, each of the 52 cards being
equally likely to be drawn. Find the probability of
(a) the card drawn is red
(b) the card drawn is king
(c) the card drawn is red & a king.
2. Three unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting
MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -153-
 (a) two heads (b) atleast two heads
(c) atmost two heads (d) one head or two heads
3. Two friends were born in the year 2000. What is the probability that they
have the same birthday.
4. Two coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting exactly
one head.
5. 1000 tickets of a lottery were sold & there are 5 prizes on these tickets. If
John has purchased on lottery ticket. What is the probability of winning of
prize?
Three Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1
1. A coin is tossed twice. If the second throw results in tail, a die is thrown.
Describe the sample space.
2. A coin is tossed two times. Find the probability of getting atleat one head.
3. Three cards of spades are lost from a pack of 52 playing cards. The remaining
cards are well shuffled & then a card was drawn at random from them. Find
the probability that the drawn card is a black colour.
4. Find the probability of getting 53 Fridays in a leap year.
5. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability
that the card drawn is neither an ace nor a king.
LEVEL - 2
1. A box contains 19 balls bearing numbers 1, 2, 3, ......., 19. A ball is drawn at
random from the box. What is the probability that the number on the ball is
(a) a prime number (b) divisible by 3 or 5
(c) neither divisible by 5 nor by 10 (iv) an even number
2. A bag contains 5 red balls & some blue balls. If the probability of drawing a
blue ball from the bag is thrice that of a red ball, find the number of blue
balls in the bag.
3. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability that
(a) 5 will not come up on either of them?
(b) 5 will not come up on atleast one?
(c) 5 will come up at both dice?
4. All kings, queen & aces removed from a pack of 52 cards. The remaining
cards are well shuffled & then a card is drawn from it. Find the probability
that the drawn card is (a) a black face card and (b) a red card.
p
5. The probability of guessing the correct answer to a certain test is . If the
12
1
probability of not guessing the correct answer to this question is then
3
find the value of p.
Case Study: (4 Marks)
1. Piggy Bank Savings

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 Two friends Rich and Sohan have some savings in their piggy bank. They
decided to count the total coins they both had. After counting they find that
they have fifty 1 coins, forty eight 2 coins, thirty six 5 coins, twenty
eight 10 coins and eight 20 coins. Now, they said to Nisha, their another
friends, to choose a coin randomly. Find the probability that the coin chosen
is

(i) Find the probability of 5 coin

(ii) Find the probability of 20 coin
(iii) Find the probability not a 10 coin
(iv) Find the probability of denomination of atmost 5.
2. Claw Crane Game
In a play zone, Nishtha is playing claw crane game which consists of 58
teddy bears, 42 pokemons, 36 tigers and 64 monkeys. Nishtha picks a puppet
at random. Now, find the probability of getting

(i) Find the probability of getting a tiger

(ii) Find the probability of getting a monkey
(iii) Find the probability of getting a teddy bear
(iv) Find the probability of getting not a monkey
(v) Find the probability of getting not a pokemon

3. Birthday Celebration
Rohit wants to distribute chocolates in his class on his birthday. The
chocolates are of three types: Milk chocolate, White chocolate and Dark
chocolate. If the total number of students in the class is 54 and everyone

MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -155-

 gets a chocolate, then answer the following questions.

1
(i) If the probability of distribution milk chocolate is , then find the
3
number of milk chocolates Rohit

4
(ii) If the probability of distributing dark chocolates is , then find the
9
number of dark chocolates Rohit
(iii) The probability of distributing white chocolates is
(iv) Find the probability of distirbuting both milk and white chocolates
(v) Find the probability of distributing all the chocolates

4. Musical Chair
In a party, some children decided to play musical chair game. In the game
the person playing the music has been advised to stop the music at any time
in the interval of 3 mins after he start the music in each turn. On the basis
of the given information, answer the following questions.

(i) What is the probability that the music will stop within first 30 secs
after start
(ii) Find the probability that the music will stop within 45 secs after start
(iii) Find the probability that the music will stop after 2 mins after start
-156- MATHEMATICS CLASS-X
 (iv) Find the probability that the music will not stop within first 60 secs
after start
(v) Find the probability that the music will stop within first 82 secs after
start

5. Tossing of Coin
Three persons toss 3 coins simultaneously and note the outcomes. Then,
thney ask few questions to one another. Help them in finding the answers of
the following questions.

(i) The probability of getting atmost one tail

(ii) The probability of getting exactly 1 head
(iii) The probability of getting exactly 3 tails
(iv) The probability of getting atmost 3 heads
(v) The probability of getting atleast two heads

Answers:
MCQ
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (b)
8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (c)
15. (c) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (a)
ASSERTION REASON:
1. (d) 2. (a)
Two Marks Questions:
LEVEL - 1
1. HH, TH, HT, TT 2. 1/26 3. 1/3 4. 3/5
5. 0.38 6. 7/17 7. 1, 0
LEVEL - 2
3 1 7 3
1. (a) 1/2 (b) 1/13 (c) 1/28 2. , , ,
8 2 8 4

1
3. 4. 1/2 5. 0.006
366
Three Marks Questions:
MATHEMATICS CLASS-X -157-
LEVEL - 1
1. HH, TH, HT1, HT2, HT3, HT4, HT5, HT6, TT1, TT2, TT3, TT4, TT5, TT6
2. 3/4 3. 23/49 4. 2/7 5. 11/13
LEVEL - 2
8 8 16 9
1. , , , 2. 15 3. (a) 25/36 (b) 11/36 (c) 1/36
19 19 19 19

1 1
4. , 5. p=8
20 2
Case Study -1
18 4 71 67
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
85 85 85 85

Case Study -2

9 8 29
(i) (ii) (iii)
50 25 100

17 79
(iv) (v)
25 100
Case Study -3

2
(i) 18 (ii) 24 (iii)
9

5
(iv) (v) 1
9
Case Study -4

1 1 1
(i) (ii) (iii)
6 4 3

1 41
(iv) (v)
3 90
Case Study -5
1 3 1
(i) (ii) (iii)
2 8 8

1
(iv) 1 (v)
2

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