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Student ID Student Name Courses: 001 Alice Math, Science

Normalization is a database design process aimed at reducing data redundancy and dependency, consisting of several levels: First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF). 1NF requires atomic attributes with no repeating groups, 2NF eliminates partial dependencies on primary keys, and 3NF removes transitive dependencies among non-key attributes. Each level necessitates restructuring tables to meet specific criteria for data organization.

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13 views4 pages

Student ID Student Name Courses: 001 Alice Math, Science

Normalization is a database design process aimed at reducing data redundancy and dependency, consisting of several levels: First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF). 1NF requires atomic attributes with no repeating groups, 2NF eliminates partial dependencies on primary keys, and 3NF removes transitive dependencies among non-key attributes. Each level necessitates restructuring tables to meet specific criteria for data organization.

Uploaded by

Awash Zilong Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Elaborate and experiment types of normalization.

Normalization is a process of designing a database schema to minimize data redundancy and


dependency. There are several levels of normalization, which are described below:

1. First Normal Form (1NF): In 1NF, all the attributes in a table must be atomic, i.e., indivisible.
Each column should have a single value, and no repeating groups or arrays should be allowed.
Every table should have a primary key that uniquely identifies each row. For example, consider
the following table:

Student ID Student Name Courses

001 Alice Math, Science

002 Bob English, History

2. This table is not in 1NF because the Courses column contains multiple values. To bring it into
1NF, we need to split it into a separate table, as shown below:

Student ID Student Name

001 Alice

002 Bob

Student ID Course

001 Math
Student ID Course

001 Science

002 English

002 History

4. Second Normal Form (2NF): In 2NF, the table should be in 1NF, and all non-key attributes
should be dependent on the entire primary key. In other words, there should be no partial
dependencies. For example, consider the following table:

Order ID Product ID Product Name Quantity

001 001 Pen 2

001 002 Pencil 3

002 001 Pen 4

002 003 Notebook 1


5. This table is not in 2NF because the Product Name column depends only on the Product ID, not
on the entire primary key (Order ID and Product ID). To bring it into 2NF, we need to split it
into two tables, as shown below:

Order ID Product ID Quantity

001 001 2

001 002 3

002 001 4

002 003 1

Product ID Product Name

001 Pen

002 Pencil

003 Notebook

7. Third Normal Form (3NF): In 3NF, the table should be in 2NF, and there should be no transitive
dependencies. In other words, no non-key attribute should depend on another non-key attribute.
For example, consider the following table:
Book ID Book Name Author Author Country

001 The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger USA

002 To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee USA

003 Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen UK

8. This table is not in 3NF because the Author Country column depends on the Author column, not
on the primary key (Book ID). To bring it into 3NF, we need to split it into two tables, as shown
below:

Book ID Book Name Author ID

001 The Catcher in the Rye 001

002 To Kill a Mockingbird 002

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