ABSTRACT

The production of commercialized fertilizers for plants had left negative effects to the
environment and our health such as toxicity to the ecology, pollution and as a result of the
released greenhouse gases, there are risks to human health and the environment.As a
product for daily usage, it also had affected the financial state of users especially to the
farmers. Due to these, the researchers offered an alternative which was the Banana peel
extract (Musa Paradisiaca L.) to be used as a main ingredient for organic fertilizer. Physical
properties of Banana by-product, which is its peels, are rich in elements such as the three
fundamental plant nutrients: potassium, magnesium, and nitrogen, which most plants require
for growth. As a result, it is worthwhile to recover the extract from this by-product for use in
organic fertilizer production and the fertilizer industry. This overview covers the compounds
found in banana peels as well as the primary elements that influence their presence, as well
as the existing applications of this by-product, its potential usage as an alternative and
additive to other commercial fertilizers, and a research trend for future studies. Aside from
these, the usage of Banana peel extract could also help sustainability in the environment and
could also open up to new explorations on Banana peels uses as well as preservation of
ecosystems. The study attempted to test the effectiveness of Banana peel extract as an
alternative for Commercial fertilizers in general. Specifically, the researchers would like to
know its effectiveness in terms of certain properties and its acceptability compared to the
standard Commercialized fertilizers. The researchers used experimental method of research
and incorporated a series of tests and experimentation (comparison of the effectiveness of
Commercial fertilizer with Banana peel extract to plants in terms of its: height,number of
leaves) and normative survey with respondents using validated research instruments and
partnered with statistical analysis in order to determine the results. The researchers
collected, analyzed, and interpreted the data gathered and made a generalization of the
whole study. The study found out that the Banana peels (Musa Paradisiaca L.) extract was
more effective and acceptable as an alternative organic fertilizer than the commercialized
fertilizers, but still certain properties were achieved by commercialized products as it
underwent parmaceutical and laboratory tests.

CHAPTER I
 INTRODUCTION
This chapter represents the background of the study, statement of the problem,
objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope and delimitation, and the operational
definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of the Study

Nowadays, chemical fertilizer is commonly used in our gardens. However, this toxic
chemical has the potential to harm fruits, vegetables, and even our health. Chemical fertilizers
are largely created from non-renewable sources, like fossil fuels, and are made from
petroleum products. Fruits and vegetables may be harmed by these harmful substances. It
disrupts the entire ecosystem in addition to harming plants.
Organic fertilizer is usually the greatest substitute for chemical fertilizer. Banana peel
fertilizer is one of these organic fertilizers. To live in harmony with nature and produce a
permanent effect on the land for future generations, banana peel can be used as fertilizer
instead of artificial fertilizer.
Banana peel fertilizers are renewable, biodegradable, long-lasting, and safe for the
environment. This type of fertilizer strengthens the soil's structure and boosts its ability to
hold water and nutrients. The banana peel fertilizer promotes the power and vitality of your
soil and plants.
The banana peel is an organic material that has no effect on plant growth. There are
two types of fertilizers available: organic and chemical. Chemical is usually connected with
artificial nourishment, whereas organic is usually associated with natural nutrition for plants
and soil. Bananas, on the other hand, are high in nutrients, including the skins. As the peels
decompose, the nutrients will benefit your plants. Plants require nutrients in order to thrive.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the most important nutrients, while calcium,
manganese, sodium, and sulfur are only needed in little amounts. Banana Peel fertilizer is
typically composed of nutrients that help your plants grow naturally and healthily. However,
if you utilize a chemical type, it may have an impact on people's health. It may have an
impact not just on humans, but also on plants.Chemical fertilizers can help plants grow, but
they don't help the soil stay healthy. The fillers do not encourage soil health or life, and even
entire packages lack the decomposing matter needed to develop soil structure. Chemical
fertilizers, in fact, do not provide many of the components that are eventually depleted by
repeated crop plantings, resulting in soil degradation. Rural areas, on the other hand, have the
advantage of being close to farms, which allows them to undertake research. However,
metropolitan areas can do research because they have the means to assess if the research will
help to alleviate the problem.
The focus of the discussion is on the usage of banana peel as an organic fertilizer. For
the purpose of determining if banana peels are effective as fertilizer, researchers undertake an
experiment. Banana peel provides potassium, which is a crucial plant nutrient for vigorous
roots, flowering, and fruit development in your vegetable garden plants, according to study.
Bananas are high in nutrients, and their peel is no exception. A common gardening method
that can improve your soil is to sprinkle banana peel around cherished plants. Potassium-rich
banana peel facilitates the passage of water and nutrients between cells. It also protects plants
from illness and strengthens stems. Potassium can boost the quality and size of any fruit or
nut after the plant blooms.
The main three macronutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, are required in
varying amounts by most plants. Some plants require more nitrogen, while others require
more phosphorus, while still others want more potassium. Tomatoes, peppers, honeydew,
melon, and passion flower are all potassium-loving plants, and banana peel is high in
potassium as well, making it one of the greatest materials for preparing plant fertilizer.
Banana peels are a great source of potassium, with 42 percent. They are one of the
highest organic potassium sources, with a potassium content that exceeds that of wood ash.
Banana peel, on the other hand, has less nitrogen, making it an ideal fertilizer for tomatoes
and peppers, which both have low nitrogen requirements. The researchers looked at a variety
of ripeness levels. The goal of their research was to determine the content of the peel in order
to determine if the waste product might be used in any way. Banana peels contain a variety of
components in varying amounts. Banana peels, on the other hand, contain 4.4-6.3 percent
potassium by dry weight, along with large levels of calcium, according to the most accurate
analysis.
Global awareness for the hazards of long-term chemical fertilizer use is growing.
Because of this, more and more farmers all over the world are shifting to organic fertilizers.
The agricultural market has also recognized this trend, and has recently employed a full-
blown campaign to promote organic and natural fertilizers. Among the benefits of using
organic fertilizers are non-toxic food, lower cost, better soil fertility and of course, a safer
environment.
However, banana peel as a fertilizer does not provide your plant with everything it
requires. Banana peels add potassium to the soil as well as modest amounts of nitrogen,
phosphate, and magnesium as they disintegrate, much like a slow release fertilizer. Adding
compost containing banana peels to your plants will help them get a range of essential
nutrients, but avoid using banana peels in compost for edible plants like potted herbs.
According to the Pesticide Action Network, bananas are often sprayed with pesticides
containing cryogen that can be dangerous if you consume them. These toxins can seep into
your potted plants through the roots as the peels decompose. If you plan to use your peels in
compost and put the compost around edible potted plants, stick to certified organic bananas.
Adding banana peels to your compost pile can contribute calcium, magnesium, sulfur,
phosphates, potassium, and sodium, all of which are essential for flowering and fruiting plant
growth. In addition, bananas in compost contribute healthy organic material, which helps the
compost retain water and make soil lighter when applied to your plants. Furthermore, banana
peels decompose quickly in compost, allowing them to add these essential nutrients to the
compost considerably faster than other compost materials.Organic fertilizers, on the other
hand, do not include nutrients in an easily used form. When they are mixed into the soil,
microorganisms such as bacteria must work on the fertilizer to break it down and release the
nutrients. Because this is a lengthy process, there is no risk of the plant receiving too many
nutrients. As a result, when organic fertilizers are applied, there is a low risk of 'plant burn.'
 "The reason why farmers should use organic fertilizer is that it improves the
production quality and increases soil input," Clinton (2016) writes. "Organic fertilizers can be
produced at home or on farms using compost turners, such as hydraulic compost turners,
groove type compost windrow turners, etc., with raw materials such as animal manure and
crop wastes such as leaves and dead plants." This is a terrific way to dispose of garbage from
your garden or farm, and it's a lot less expensive than buying chemical fertilizers. Organic
fertilizers are fertilizers that are high in organic materials as well as a variety of nutrients that
offer nutrition to plants. Organic fertilizer degradation provides energy and nutrients for soil
microbial activities."

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study attempted to determine the effectiveness of Banana Peel (Musa Paradisiaca
L.) as an alternative organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizers. It aims to prove its effectiveness
by thoroughly testing banana peel- as an idea of natural nutrition for plants and soil- and its
effect on the growth of plants.

Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions:

1. How does banana peel fertilizer affect the growth of plants?

2. What are the methods or processes in making a banana peel into a fertilizer?

3. Is banana peel effective (refers to growth of plants ) in terms of its height?

4. Does banana peel make a good fertilizer compared to chemical fertilizers?

5. What are the properties of banana peels that make it a good fertilizer?

6. Is there any significant difference between the costs of commercial fertilizer and
banana peel fertilizer?

1.3 Objectives of the Study

This study determined the effectiveness of banana peel fertilizer to the plants and
environment. The following are the objectives of the study:

a. ) To observe the effects of banana peel fertilizer to the growth of plants.

b.) To determine if it is possible to make a fertilizer out of banana peel.

c.) To determine the efficacy of banana peel fertilizer to plants.

d.) To identify which is more effective, between chemical fertilizers and banana peel
fertilizers.
 e.) To determine the composition of the banana peel that makes it a good fertilizer over
chemical fertilizers.
f.) To compare the costs of commercial fertilizer and banana peel fertilizer.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The researcher’s main purpose in conducting this study entitled “Banana Peel (Musa
Paradisiaca L.) an an Additive in Making Organic Fertilizer” was to evaluate and to observe
its outcome and how will it benefit the following:

Farmers. Plants always play an important role to our farmers and it would help them
minimize their expenses for availing commercial fertilizers. The demand for cheap yet
effective fertilizer justifies the need for more ways of making organic fertilizer. The
following process of making the said fertilizer that result to this study will produce and can
make a cheaper, effective and environment friendly fertilizer.
The Society. The banana peel as fertilizer would be a good instrument in promoting
environmental sustainability actions in the community and would be very significant as an
effective substitute to commercial/ chemical fertilizer.
The Researchers. The result and findings of the research would enable the researchers to
present recommendations which would serve as a basis which would come up with more
effective research plans and improve the study. The readers will be guided through the series
of processes on how to improve the growth of plants by use of organic fertilizer ( Banana
Peel).
The Academe. This study will be significant to the academic environment as it increases the
researcher’s prior knowledge and it would serve as a foundation to them and to other scholars
who seek for related knowledge in making an organic fertilizer using only the things that they
can find at home.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of this study was anchored to the general question which is to determine
the effectiveness of Banana Peel (Musa Paradisiaca L.) extract as substitute to chemical
fertilizer and to the specific questions posed by the researchers. This study will focus on
increasing the growth of plants healthily. This study will be using peel from peel from
bananas by soaking it into the water or dried or dried and grind it into pieces. This study
limited its coverage by the focus on increasing the growth of plants healthily by using peel
from bananas by soaking it into water or dried /grinding it into pieces. The proposed study is
limited only in increasing the growth of plants healthily and avoiding the number of
pesticides. The organic fertilizer can be used in adding grind peel into soil or pouring the
soaked peel in the plants. Due to the inability of laboratory equipment and lack of devices,
the researchers used manual and traditional methods in a systematic and scientific approach
for the experimentation.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
The terms written below were defined intentionally for it may have other meanings to
other fields. These terms will help clarify its meaning when used in certain parts of the
research paper.
Additive- is a substance which is added in small amounts to foods or other things in order
to
improve them or to make them last longer.
Antioxidants- are man-made or natural substances that may prevent or delay some types of
cell damage.
Botanically- of or pertaining to botany. Botany is the scientific study of plants.
Biochemical- the chemical processes and substance which occur within living organisms;
relating to biochemistry, the application of the tools and concepts of chemistry to living
systems. Chemical- a substance that is produced or used in a process (reaction) involving
changes to atoms or molecules; is any mix of raw elements.
Herbaceous- of, relating to, or having the characteristics of an herb; are plants that has no
persistent woody stem above ground.
Parasites- a organisms that lives in or on other organism and benefits by deriving
nutrients at the host’s expense.
Plantains- is a type of banana that is larger in size and has a starchier consistency; a low-
growing plant that typically has a rosette of leaves and a slender green flower spike, widely
growing as a weed in flower spike.
Purification- the process of extracting something from a substance; is the process of
rendering something pure
Organic- produced or involving (of food or farming methods) produced or involving
production without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or other art , pesticides, or other
artificial agents.
Wilt- to bend over because of not having enough water; (of a plant, leaf or flower) become
limp through heat, loss of water, or disease.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
In this chapter it involves the presentation of the review of related literature and studies with
the presentation of the conceptual framework.

2.1 Related Literature

2.1.1 Banana Plant

 Banana (Musa) is one of the most important crops of the tropical and subtropical
regions of the world, growing about 8.8 million hectares. It belongs to the family (Musaceae)
and the genus (Musa sapientum). It is known in English as banana and in Hausa as ayaba.
The plant consists of long, overlapping leaf stalks and bears a stem which is 1.22 to 6.10 m
high.It is one of the tallest herbaceous plants with a pseudostem. It's tough treelike pliable
stem is composed of the sheathing twisting leaf bases, which contains fibers of sufficient
strength to keep the tree upright. In different countries, about 300 varieties of bananas are
growing, of which a vast majority are grown in tropical Asia. Banana contains high fibre
content, and is capable of preventing illnesses- and various parts of the plant such as the
leaves, root, fruit stalk, bract and fruit have been used for medicinal ,domestic and fertilizer
purposes. (Oladeji et al ; 2010).

Banana is one of the most common crops grown in almost all tropical countries,
including Nigeria. Banana plantations occupy a very large part of the country and therefore
an abundant and cheap agricultural product. As industrial by-products, the peels represent
about 30-40 g/ 100 g of fruit weight. This resulted in 200 tons of waste from banana peels
generated each day and this amount tends to increase annually (Pangnakorn, 2006).The
banana peels waste is normally disposed of in municipal landfills, which contribute to the
existing environmental problems.

According to Pacific Lutheran University in Parkland, Washington (2007), Bananas

were originally found in South East Asia, mainly in India. They were brought west by Arab
conquerors in 327 B.C. and moved from Asia Minor to Africa and finally carried to the New
World by the first explorers and missionaries in the Caribbean. The mass production of
bananas started in 1834 and really started exploding in the late 1880's.

In 135 countries and territories across the tropics and subtropics, bananas are
being produced. The majority producers are farmers who grow the crop for either home
consumption or for local markets. Banana is the second most produced fruit after citrus. It has
a 16% contribution in the world's total fruit production. It has also stated that India is the
most or the largest producer of banana in the world estimating up to 27% of banana's
production. According to them the banana is useful in every part just like food, feed,
pharmaceutical, packaging, and many other industrial applications. (FAO, Food and
Agricultural Organization,Geneva ; 2009)

In addition, as stated by Vigneswara, Pavithra, Gayathri, and Mythili (2015), banana

fibers have a huge contribution to the textile and packaging industry. However, the banana
stem and peel forms a major source of waste material, specifically fertilizers.

Banana plant peels(Musa paradisiaca) residues being organic in nature are rich in
sources of macro and micronutrient that can be recycled to prevent their disposal in the
environment, thus sustaining the balance between economic development and environmental
protection. Compost is an organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a
fertilizer for soil amendment. (Memon, M., Mirani, S and Jamro, G.M.,2012).
2.1.2 Banana as Fertilizer

Application of banana fertilizer improves soil structure, texture, aeration, water holding
capacity, porosity, increases stress tolerance and also reduces the use of chemical fertilizers
thus saving huge amounts of foreign exchange incurred for import fertilizers. (Guarm, A.C.,
Geetak, 1993)
Compost plays a central role in maintaining key soil functions and is an essential
determinant of soil fertility and resistance to erosion. (Yadav, R.L., 1991). The compost
reduces were used as artificial fertilizers, and the amount of waste added to landfill sites
compost is considered to be an environmentally safe, agronomically advantageous, and
relatively cheap organic amendment which stimulates soil microbial activity and crop growth.
( Lal, R., 2005). Compost is an excellent source of plant-available nutrients and their addition
to soil could maintain high microbial populations and activities.(Pascual,et al.,1997).
Composting has been recognized as a low cost and environmentally sound process for
treatment of many organic waste. (Hoitink, H.A.J., 1993)

The amount of banana waste reached million tons per year from the total banana
cultivated area.(Bekunda, M. A., P. L.Woomer, 1996). This tremendous amount is an
environmental and economic problem facing banana farms.(Bhattacharyya,et al.,1985).
Reapplied banana waste to the plant after harvest was reported, such banana trash used as
much to maintain soil moisture.(Ismail,et al.,1998). Bananas have a great economic impact as
one of the most popular fruits and for its high nutritive value. Bananas play an important role
in tropical economic impact as cash export and complementary food in local sets. Besides, we
can use banana waste as a natural fertilizer alternative to manufactured chemical fertilizers.
(Palmer, J.K., 1971)

2.1.3 Fertilizer
Fertilizers (also spelled fertilisers) are compounds given to plants to promote growth;
they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar feeding, for
uptake through leaves. Fertilizers can be organic (composed of organic matter), or inorganic
(made of simple, inorganic chemicals or minerals). They can be naturally occurring
compounds such as peat or mineral deposits, or manufactured through natural processes (such
as composting) or chemical processes such as the Haber process. (Fertilizer. (2017, April 6).
New World Encyclopedia, . Retrieved 17:35, November 7, 2021
Moreover, fertilizers typically provide, in varying proportions, the three major plant
nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), the secondary plant nutrients (calcium,
sulfur, magnesium), and sometimes trace elements (or micronutrients) with a role in plant
nutrition: boron, chlorine, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, and molybdenum.

Fertilizers boost the growth rate of the plants since the soil itself cannot provide an
adequate amount of nutrients the plant needs. The organic fertilizers are from naturally
occuring mineral deposits and organic material (e.g. bones, animal manure, or fruit peels like
orange or banana). The chemically processed raw materials produce synthetic fertilizers
(Laliberte, 2014).

(Akande et al,2010) conducted a study about the response of Okra to organic and In
the past, both organic and inorganic fertilizers were called "manures," but this term is now
mostly restricted to man-made manure.

In addition, though nitrogen is plentiful in the Earth's atmosphere, relatively few

plants engage in nitrogen fixation (conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to a biologically
useful form). Most plants thus require nitrogen compounds to be present in the soil in which
they grow.

According to the study, application of 60 kg N organic fertilizer produced the tallest

plants with 57 cm while application of 60 kg N poultry manure produced 53 and 51 cm
plants.

2.2 Related Study

Based on the articles congregated in Liesl Clark(2003), banana peels can also be
natural alternative sources of shoe polish, teeth whitener, and a tomato plant fertilizer. It also
has compounds that can be used as insecticides.(L.C,2003). Banana peels are also good in
depression, sleeping better, helps in lowering cholesterol, and being safe from cardiovascular
diseases.(Dr. Raider, 2013)

In accordance with the study, H. M,(2013) stated that studies have found that banana
peels contain more tannin compared to the fruit itself. Tannins are in great use for
preservation, and an element of an insecticide. Also, researchers found out that the fruit peels
have collected all the insecticidal residue when they are compared to the fruit inside it.

A study once conducted that banana peels, a waste material, have good potential as an
adsorbent to remove toxic metals like Co2+ and Ni2+ from wastes. (Universal Journal of
Chemistry, 2013)

According to Chooklin, C. S., Maneerat, S., & Saimmai, A.(2014) in study of the
Utilization of Banana peel as a novel substrate for biosurfactant production by
Halobacteriaceae archaeon AS65. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology study,
biosurfactant-producing bacteria was evaluated for biosurfactant production by using banana
peel as a sole carbon source. From the 71 strains screened, Halobacteriaceae archaeon AS65
produced the highest biosurfactant activity. The highest biosurfactant production (5.30 g/l)
was obtained when the cells were grown on a minimal salt medium containing 35 % (w/v)
banana peel and 1 g/l commercial monosodium glutamate at 30 °C and 200 rpm after 54 h of
cultivation. The biosurfactant obtained by extraction with ethyl acetate showed high surface
tension reduction (25.5 mN/m), a small critical micelle concentration value (10 mg/l),
thermal and pH stability with respect to surface tension reduction and emulsification activity,
and a high level of salt tolerance. The biosurfactant obtained was confirmed as a lipopeptide
by using a biochemical test FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The crude biosurfactant
showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and had the ability to emulsify oil,
enhance PAHs solubility, and oil bioremediation.

2.3 Conceptual Framework of the Study

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

The conceptual framework shown above is the general outlook of the study. The study only
consists of one independent variable which is the banana peels. The banana peels would then
undergo the process of being turned into fertilizers by the researchers using various tools.
After turning the banana peels into fertilizers, they would be then applied to a certain kind of
plant while also applying chemical fertilizer to another same kind of plant. The plants would
then be observed on certain days to check for any developments. Both fertilizers will be
tested based on the growth and the length of the plant on each certain day. The data results of
the study will be used to assess the effectiveness of banana peels as fertilizer and the
comparison between the effects of chemical fertilizer and banana peel fertilizer.

CHAPTER III
 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, research locale, respondents of the study,
data gathering procedure, research instruments, validity and reliability, and statistical
treatment and analysis.

3.1 Research Design

The type of research design utilized in this study was quantitative research design in
the sense that the study integrated numerical analysis and statistical records in
presenting,analyzing and interpreting the results and findings.

Moreover, the study used the experimental method of research. The method is a
highly controlled procedure in which manipulated treatment or actions from a factor or
condition, called the experimental variable (the Banana peel),were applied upon another
factor or condition, called the dependent variables (banana peel fertilizer and chemical
fertilizer), to determine the effect of banana peel as an additive in making fertilizer and the
effect of those interventions will be observed by the researchers. All other factors or variables
were kept constant or equal so that any change in the dependent variables is attributable only
to the independent variable.

This study also focused on how Banana peels are capable of being utilized as a form
of organic fertilizer for varieties of plants. Additionally, the Banana peels were tested to
determine its effectiveness and through experiments, observations were gathered and utilized
as a collective in making conclusions.

The experimental set-up had undergone the same process, same environment and
same tests in order to avoid alteration and confusion of observation.

3.2 Research Locale

Figure 2. Map of Julugan I, Tanza, Cavite.

 Figure 3. Saint Augustine School

The collecting of materials to be used was done generally in the Province of

Julugan I, Tanza, Cavite. It is one of the barangays in Tanza. The making of Banana peel
into an alternative for chemical fertilizer and the testing of the banana peel were
conducted within the vicinity of Tanza, Cavite majorly the farmers of Colmenar, to test if
the banana peel fertilizer is effective or not. The city of Cavite’s 1st congressional district
is one of the eight congressional districts in the Philippines.

3.3 Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were students, researchers and farmers in Cavite City.
The researchers will use banana peels as fertilizers. The target populations were selected
because of their experience and insights of using fertilizers in plants, thus, ensuring the
credibility of the study.
The researchers conducted the experiment with the help of farmers because they have
a bigger land and crops. The researchers also lended the researchers some space in their field
that can be used for conducting the study. The researchers will also give the organic fertilizer
to the farmers so that they can use it and observe if the banana peel fertilizer is effective.

3.4 Data Gathering Procedure

3.4.1 Identification of Ingredients and Materials

A. List of Ingredients
300 g Banana Peel
 1 L H2O

B. List of Materials

Large Basin

Mortal and Pestle

 Ceramic Bowl

Spray Bottle

Shallow Tray
 Jar

3.4.2 General Procedure

A. Peeling the Banana
The first step was getting Banana peel to be used. It can be a peel from a banana
that has just been eaten.

B.Preparation of Banana peel Extract

After preparing the Banana peel, it was pounded using mortar and pestle. Next, fill
the large basin with water, and add banana peel.Let it sit for 48 hours. After 2 days,
discard the peel and pour the water in your mason jar. Then, chop the peels and then add to
your garden’s soil directly. If you made the banana peel tea above, you’ll have leftovers to
use up. Consider adding them to your garden directly. Chop your Banana peels into ¼
inch pieces. By chopping them, you can now start the composting process, and release
some of the beneficial vitamins and minerals in the peels. Lastly, bury them anywhere
from 4 inches down to just beneath the surface of the soil. After that, dry the peels then
grind them into a fertilizer.

Table 1.Comparison of Costs of Commercial Fertilizer and Banana Peel

Fertilizer

Commercial Fertilizer Banana Peel Fertilizer

Chemical Fertilizer Php. 300.00 Banana Peel Php.
0.00
Total: Php. 300.00 Total: Php.
 0.00

3.4.3 Evaluation of Samples

The researchers evaluated each sample to determine the difference between the
Banana peel fertilizer and the Commercial fertilizer.

A. Growth of Plants Test

Both Banana peel extract and Commercial fertilizer were subjected to the
same test on the same environment.

First, the researchers made a list of costs regarding the study. Next, the
researchers conducted an observation of making fertilizer out of banana peel.
Afterwards, the researchers observed the growth of the plants in n terms of height and
number of leaves. Lastly, the researchers analyse each observation to provide a clear
answer regarding the study.

3.4.4 Collection of Data

A
fter the evaluation, the data of the comparative experimentation were collected by
the researchers and will be tabulated in record sheets using specific units of
measurements in order to be examined in further analysis.

3.4.5 Analysis of Results

The data and results were analyzed by the researchers using the
adapted statistical methods and tools and interpreted through a qualitative approach
and graphical presentation.

3.5 Research Instruments

The study used the following method of
instrumentation in data gathering:

A. Questionnaire
The questionnaire was framed by the researcher in order to gather data in
determining a) the effectiveness of Banana peel in terms of growth, yield and yield of
plants b) the significant difference between the commercial fertilizer and banana peel
fertilizer.
This had two parts, the respondent’s profile, and a question-scale part.
Part I was composed of personal information of the respondents such as name,
section and sex. It also includes the date of observation. The respondents were identified
through random sampling.
 Part II was divided into two parts: a) the acceptability of the Banana peel and b)
significant difference between the Banana peel fertilizer and Commercial fertilizer.
Respondents rated the Banana peel as fertilizer, and commercial fertilizer in terms of the
results of the observation of the effectiveness of each fertilizer to the growth of plants.
In order to rate the variables, the Likert’s scale was used in which 5 means
exceptional, 4 means very good, 3 means good, 2 means fair and 1 means poor.
Instructions will be given that will serve as a guide for the respondents on how to rate the
variables.

B. Record Sheets
Another research instrument to be used were record sheets. These record sheets
were used to record and tally the observations and the results of experimentation of the
Banana peel extract as an alternative fertilizer.

The data jotted down in record sheets were the contents of fertilizers (Banana peel
and commercial fertilizer), weighted mean for the acceptability of the Banana peel, the
respondent’s weighted score for the two fertilizers, the rating score of the two fertilizers in
the effectiveness of each, and the significant difference between the Banana peel fertilizer
and the chemical fertilizer.

3.6 Validity and Reliability of Research Instrument

To ensure the validity, the researchers made sure the research instruments are checked
by the research teacher thoroughly. The research instruments of the study were also referred
to people who have expertise in the field. The research teacher and the experts validated and
proved that the research instruments were helpful and accurate in getting the results of the
conducted research study.

To establish reliability, the researchers assured that the results of the study are
unbiased and accurate. The inclusion of samples in the study also helped in ensuring the
reliability and credibility of the study. The research instruments such as the questionnaires
and record sheets were also checked thoroughly by the researchers as they conducted the
study to arrive at reliable results.

In rating the qualities of the Banana peel and commercial fertilizer,, the researchers
adapted the rating scale below. The respondents will rate the quality of each fertilizer and the
effectiveness of both fertilizers based on their honest perceptions.

Rating Scale
5 Excellent
 4 Very Satisfactory

3 Satisfactory

2 Unsatisfactory

1 Poor

3.7 Statistical Treatment and Analysis

The data gathered from the questionnaire were classified, tabulated, computed and
analyzed statistically using chi-square and weighted mean to test the hypothesis of the
study. The chi-square test of homogeneity shows the significant difference between the
Banana peel fertilizer and the commercial fertilizer. The weighted mean tests the
acceptability of the Banana peel.

The formula used for the chi-square test of homogeneity is:

Wherein O is the observed frequency, E is the expected frequency and is the p-value.

To compute for E, use: , where RT is the total in a row, CT is the total in a

column and GTis the grand total.

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA

This chapter presents, analyzes, and interprets data that is anchored on the
specific questions of the study.

4.1 Materials Needed in the Preparation of Banana Peel Fertilizer

A. List of Ingredients

300 g Banana Peel

1 L H2O

B. List of Materials
Large Basin

Mortar and Pestle

Mortar and Pestle

Ceramic Bowl
 Ceramic Bowl

Shallow Tray

4.2 Processes in Making Banana Peel Fertilizer

General Procedure
A. Peeling the Banana
The first step was getting Banana peel to be used. It can be a peel from a banana
that has just been eaten.

B.Preparation of Banana peel Extract

After preparing the Banana peel, it was pounded using mortar and pestle. Next, fill
the large basin with water, and add banana peel.Let it sit for 48 hours. After 2 days,
discard the peel and pour the water in your mason jar. Then, chop the peels and then add to
your garden’s soil directly. If you made the banana peel tea above, you’ll have leftovers to
use up. Consider adding them to your garden directly. Chop your Banana peels into ¼
inch pieces. By chopping them, you can now start the composting process, and release
some of the beneficial vitamins and minerals in the peels. Lastly, bury them anywhere
from 4 inches down to just beneath the surface of the soil. After that, dry the peels then
grind them into a fertilizer.
4.3 Effectiveness of Banana Peel Fertilizer in Terms of Height of the Stem

Table 2. Observation in Plants in Terms of the Height of its Stem

WEEK Without Fertilizer With ChemicalWith Banana Peel
Fertilizer Fertilizer
Week 1 The seed started toThe seed started toThe seed started to
grow slowly yet thegrow slowly. Thegrow slowly but
plant shows a smallplant already appearednormal like other
stem. with a small stem. plants. The stem
already appeared in
week 1.

Week 2 The stem is now 6 cm. The stem is now 7.5The stem is currently
now 7.5 cm and theat 7.8 cm.
plant started to
grow more.

Week 3 The stem are growing The stem continuouslyThe stem grows to 13.5
fast it is now 10 cm. growing cm.
and it is also growing
in quantity with 12cm.

Week 4 The plant is healthy andThe plant stayedThe stem is still

it is growing fast thehealthy since Week 1.growing since Week 1.
stem is now 15 cm. The stem grewIt is currently at 19.5
17.5cm. cm and it is already
enough to be an
outdoor plant.

4.5 Significant difference between the Banana Peel Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer
Table 4.Observation in Plants in Terms of Scent

Without Fertilizer With Chemical Fertilizer With Banana Peel Fertilizer

The product is composed ofThe plant composed of chemicalThe result shows unpleasant
water. Result shows a naturalfertilizer shows a strong smellsmell because of the mixture.
smell that comes from thebecause of its chemical. OverallThe potency of the formula is
plants. percentage of the concoction ispresent. Overall percentage of
100%. the concoction is 100%.
 The analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in this chapter were based on the
responses of the researchers. This chapter discusses the results of the study about the banana
peel as fertilizer. This chapter shows the results through the analysis and interpretation of
data. It also presents all the data gathered from the observation of the subject of the study in
the following: without fertilizer, with chemical fertilizer, and with banana peel fertilizer; in
terms of growth, height, and health of the subject and the Effectivity of Banana Peel as
fertilizer.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the whole research, the conclusion and
recommendations.

5.1 Summary
The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Banana peel(Musa paradisiaca L)
extract as an alternative organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizers (commercial fertilizers). This
study used quantitative research design and incorporated the experimental method of
research. This study was conducted at Julugan I, Tanza, Cavite from December to March
2019. This study helps the plant grow naturally and healthy. Generally, this study assessed
the effectiveness of banana peel fertilizer to San Francisco and specifically aimed to: (a)
determined the process involved in the production; (b) determine if the contents of the banana
peel are effective as organic fertilizer; and (c) determine the efficacy of the banana peel
fertilizer in terms of growth, height and health. After conducting the experimentation and the
normative survey, the researchers presented, analyzed, and interpreted the data and came up
with the generalization of the study.

The result showed that the banana peel fertilizer could help the plants to grow
naturally. The San Francisco with banana peel fertilizer shows better appearance in height
and leaves. However, in San Francisco chemical fertilizer has a better odor than banana peel
fertilizer. While in San Francisco without fertilizer, it shows better appearance in leaves but
not in height.

5.2 Conclusion
After conducting the research, the researchers reached the conclusion that, in general,
the banana peel extract as a fertilizer generated a successful result in terms of efficacy.
Because of their height and leaves, the banana peel fertilizer works well on San Francisco
plants. The findings demonstrate that the banana ammonia plant is taller than the chemical
fertilizer-fed one.

5.3 Recommendations
 The use of banana peels as a fertilizer for San Francisco plants is strongly
recommended. In addition, future researchers, researchers, and researchers can conduct
additional studies to look for other alternatives that could be used to various plants and fruits.
It has the ability to broaden our horizons.

Furthermore, this study serves as a resource for future researchers who wish to pursue
similar or related research. The researchers suggest that they continue to develop a unique
process for producing products from it and discover new variables that will support its
durability, efficacy, and quality in producing a better result.

LIST OF REFERENCES
BalconyGardenWeb (2016). 5 ways to use Dried Banana. 5 ways to use Dried Banana Peels
As a Fertilizer. Peels As a Fertilizer. Retrieved from https://balconygardenweb.com/5-ways-
to-use-dried-banana-peels-as-a-fertilizer/

Clinton (2017). Banana Peel Fertilizer. Retrieved from

http://stonefamilyfarmstead.com/banana-peel-fertilizer/

Maat (2017). 10 ways to use Banana Peels in the Garden. Retrieved from
https://thefrugalchicken.com/10-ways-to-use-banana-peels-in-garden/ peels-in-garden/

Munroe, S. (2018). Banana Banana Peels Work Potted Plants. Plants. Retrieved from
https://homeguides.sfgate.com/banana-peels-work-potted-plants-55514.html

Plantcaretoday.com (2015). Banana Peels Garden Uses. Retrieved Retrieved from

https://plantcaretoday.com/banana-peels-garden-uses.html

Reed (2018). Nutritional Values of Banana Peels for Plants. Retrieved from
https://homeguides.sfgate.com/nutritional-values-banana-peels-plants-58851.html

Ventures (2012 – 2017). Preparedness Mama Retrieved from

https://preparednessmama.com/dry-banana-peels/