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Primary Standard

A primary standard is a pure substance used to prepare standard solutions, with properties including stability, high solubility, and quick reactivity. The document outlines procedures for preparing standard solutions from solid solutes and concentrated solutions, as well as calculating concentrations of stock solutions using given formulas. Additionally, it includes test questions to apply the concepts discussed.

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38 views3 pages

Primary Standard

A primary standard is a pure substance used to prepare standard solutions, with properties including stability, high solubility, and quick reactivity. The document outlines procedures for preparing standard solutions from solid solutes and concentrated solutions, as well as calculating concentrations of stock solutions using given formulas. Additionally, it includes test questions to apply the concepts discussed.

Uploaded by

aprilasamoah90
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Primary Standard

A primary standard is a substance that is usually available in pure form or a


state of known purity, which is used in preparing a standard solution.
Examples are sodium carbonate and potassium iodate
Properties of a primary standard
It should be available in pure form or easily purified.
It must be stable, that is, it must not lose weight or take up water during
weighing. It must have a reasonably high relative formula mass.
It must react speedily without side reactions with the substance being
standardised. It should have high solubility
How to prepare a standard solution from a solid solute
1. Determine the mass of the solute required to make the appropriate
concentration and volume of desired solution.
2. Weigh accurately the solute in a beaker.
3. Add distilled water to the beaker and its contents and swirl to dissolve the
solid.
NB: The beaker must have a lower volume than the standard volumetric
flask being used.
4. Transfer the solution to the required standard volumetric flask through a
funnel.
5. Rinse the stirrer and the beaker used into the flask, then add more
distilled water until the
meniscus lies on the calibration mark.
6. Invert the stoppered flask a few times to mix.
7. Label the solution.
Preparation of standard solution from concentrated solution
1. Use the dilution formula (C1V1=C2V2) to calculate the volume of the
concentrated
solution required.
2. Pour some distilled water into the required standard volumetric flask.
3. Measure the stock or concentrated solution and transfer it into the
distilled water in the
volumetric flask.
4. Swirl the flask and its content and top the solution to the calibration mark
with distilled water.
5. Label the solution.
Determination of the concentration of a stock solution

The commercial stock solution usually contains chemical assay (that is


the label on their container, specifying the purity, density, molecular
mass, and other relevant information).
Calculate the mass of the substance in 1 dm3.
Calculate the mass of the pure substance in 1 dm 3 by multiplying by
the percentage purity.
Divide this mass by the molar mass to get the concentration.
Mathematically use the formula:
Density( ρ)×1000 × percentage purity (%)
Concentration (C) =
molar mass ×100

Test Questions
1. Calculate the number of moles in 2g of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

2. Calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution


prepared by dissolving
2g in 250 cm3 of solution.
3. Calculate the volume of distilled water required to prepare 0.05 mol
dm-3 of solution from 2.5g of Na2CO3. [Na = 23, O=16, C = 12, H = 1]
4. Calculate the mass concentration of a solution prepared by
dissolving 2.5g of NaOH in 250 cm3 of distilled water.
5. Calculate the mass of substance contained in 150 cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm-
3 sodium hydroxide
solution.
6. Prepare a 250cm3solution of NaOH of concentration 2.0
moldm-3
7. The label on a stock solution of HCl sold in a chemical store contains
the following
information:
Density = 1.19 g cm -3

Percentage purity = 37%


Molar mass of HCl = 36.5 g mol -1

Using the information given, prepare a 250 cm3solution of HCl


of concentration 2.0 moldm-3

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