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English 199 Chapter 7 Guide

The document discusses the restrictive press regulations established by the decree of August 9, 1943, and the subsequent changes following the Armistice of Cassibile in September 1943, which restored basic freedoms and abolished fascist ideologies. It highlights the impact of these changes on media control, the resumption of free expression by writers and journalists, and the evolution of censorship in Italy post-1946. Additionally, it provides examples of censorship cases and the politicization of the Italian media landscape.

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10 views5 pages

English 199 Chapter 7 Guide

The document discusses the restrictive press regulations established by the decree of August 9, 1943, and the subsequent changes following the Armistice of Cassibile in September 1943, which restored basic freedoms and abolished fascist ideologies. It highlights the impact of these changes on media control, the resumption of free expression by writers and journalists, and the evolution of censorship in Italy post-1946. Additionally, it provides examples of censorship cases and the politicization of the Italian media landscape.

Uploaded by

rusnani78
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bowling Green State University - Spring 2022

English 199, Chapter 7 Guide

Professor Putman, Section 2

September 16, 2022

The decree of 9 August 1943, n. 727, dictated very restrictive rules on freedom of the press:

Any transfer of ownership of a newspaper or periodical had to have the approval of the

Ministry of Popular Culture;

The appointment of the director responsible for newspapers or periodicals had to be

authorized by the said ministry;

News agencies that received state contributions or subsidies were required to submit

accounting records upon request from the ministry itself. (Johnson, 2020) As a result, The

effects of the decree ceased less than a month later, with the unconditional surrender to the

Allies.

Class Date: 19/5/2024

Instructor’s Comment: Consider restructuring the conclusion for clarity.

GENERIC CONTENT:

## Analysis
The Armistice of Cassibile, signed on 3 September 1943, in fact, contained rules regarding

the regulation of the press:

Control of the radio, communications and transceiver systems passed to the Allies. The

media would also be under the control and subject to authorization of the Allied Command

(art. 16);

All newspapers compromised with the Italian Social Republic ceased publication: the

factories would have been seized pending closure or a change of name and editorial line.

## Findings

The armistice also provided for the restoration of the most basic freedoms of thought and

expression prohibited by the past regime. The Act in fact sanctioned the suppression of the

spread of fascist ideology and teaching and the dissolution of its institutions and

organizations, especially military, paramilitary, espionage and propaganda (art. 30).

Likewise, all Italian laws involving discrimination based on race, colour, faith or political

opinion were abolished and any impediment or prohibition resulting from them was

eliminated, and the release of anyone who had been deprived of freedom or these rights due

to such laws (art. 31).

## Discussion (List)

- Writers, journalists, playwrights and political exponents whose work had been prohibited,

interdicted or forced underground by censorship and the abolition of the freedom of the

press during the years of fascism resumed writing and publishing articles, books and other
literary productions.

- In the same period, the Allies increased the hours of Radio Londra programming that could

be received in Northern Italy.

- In 1943 they reached the duration of 4 hours and 15 minutes.

- Radios were also used to send coded messages, passwords and other communications to

fighters in areas still in conflict or under Nazi-Fascist occupation.

- Starting in 1944, the reorganization of executive power between central and peripheral

bodies began in liberated Italy.

## Conclusion

The decrees no. 13 and 14 of 14 January 1944 assigned the prefects the power to grant

printing licenses and established the obligation for publishers to report stocks of paper and

printing materials. With the legislative decree of 31 May 1946, n. 561, the rules of the past

regime on the seizure of publications were cancelled and the pre-existing situation was

returned.

## Background (List)

- == Censorship in the modern Italian Republic (1946–present) ==

One of the most important cases of censorship in Italy was the banning of one episode of the

TV show Le Iene showing use of cocaine in the Italian Parliament.

- As with all the other media of Italy, the Italian television industry is widely considered

both inside and outside the country to be overtly politicized.


- According to a December 2008 poll, only 24% of Italians trust television news

programmes, compared unfavourably to the British rate of 38%, making Italy one of only

three examined countries where online sources are considered more reliable than

television ones for information.

- Italy put an embargo on foreign bookmakers over the Internet (in violation of EU market

rules) by mandating certain edits to DNS host files of Italian ISPs.

## Analysis

Italy also blocks access to websites containing child pornography. Advertisements

promoting Videocracy, a Swedish documentary examining the influence of television on

Italian culture over the last 30 years, was refused airing purportedly because it says the

spots are an offence to Premier Silvio Berlusconi. Films, anime and cartoons are often

modified or cut on national television networks such as Mediaset or RAI.

## Findings

An example of this occurred in December 2008, when Brokeback Mountain was aired on Rai

2 during primetime. Several scenes featuring mildly sexual (or even just romantic)

behaviour of the two protagonists were cut. This act was severely criticized by Italian LGBT

activist organizations and others.

## Discussion

=== Guareschi case ===


In 1950 a cartoon published in Candido (n. 25 of 18 June), drawn by Carletto Manzoni, cost

Giovannino Guareschi, co-director of the weekly at the time, his first conviction for

contempt of the President of Italy, Luigi Einaudi. The cartoon, entitled Al Quirinale, depicted

a double row of bottles with, at the bottom, the figurine of a man with a stick, like a great

officer reviewing two groups of Corazzieri ("The Corazzieri" was the caption of the cartoon).

Candido had highlighted the fact that Einaudi, on the labels of the wine he produced (a

Nebbiolo), allowed his public office as President of Italy to be highlighted.

## Conclusion

The bottle of wine, in fact, had "Nebbiolo, the President's wine" on the label. There were

also other cartoons, besides the Al Quirinale one, such as the one of the Giro d'Italia with the

motto "Toast Einaudi!"

## Background

or the little man who had the "bottle of Damocles" on his head. Sentenced to eight months in

prison, the execution of the sentence was suspended as Guareschi had no criminal record.

References / Works Cited:

1. Wikipedia (n.d.). Retrieved from https://wikipedia.org/

2. Random Book Title (2022). Academic Publishing House.

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