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Logical instructions in 8086 microprocessor

Logical instructions in the 8086 microprocessor perform operations such as AND, OR, XOR, and NOT on data in registers or memory. They are essential for tasks like bit manipulation, data encryption, and compression, and can set condition code flags for program control. While they offer efficient data manipulation, their limitations include restricted precision and complexity in programming.

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58 views

Logical instructions in 8086 microprocessor

Logical instructions in the 8086 microprocessor perform operations such as AND, OR, XOR, and NOT on data in registers or memory. They are essential for tasks like bit manipulation, data encryption, and compression, and can set condition code flags for program control. While they offer efficient data manipulation, their limitations include restricted precision and complexity in programming.

Uploaded by

ezekiel nyamu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Logical instructions in 8086 microprocessor

Last Updated : 24 Apr, 2023




Introduction :
Logical instructions in the 8086 microprocessor are instructions that
perform logical operations on data stored in registers or memory
locations. These instructions can manipulate bits within a byte, set
or clear individual bits, or perform Boolean operations such as AND,
OR, XOR, and NOT.
Some of the commonly used logical instructions in the 8086
microprocessor include:
1. AND – Performs a bitwise logical AND operation between two
operands and stores the result in the destination operand.
2. OR – Performs a bitwise logical OR operation between two
operands and stores the result in the destination operand.
3. XOR – Performs a bitwise logical XOR (exclusive OR)
operation between two operands and stores the result in the
destination operand.
4. NOT – Performs a bitwise logical NOT (negation) operation
on the operand and stores the result in the destination
operand.
5. TEST – Performs a bitwise logical AND operation between
two operands, but does not store the result. Instead, it sets
the condition code flags based on the result of the
operation.
Logical instructions are used in many applications, including bit
manipulation, data encryption, and data compression. They are an
important part of the instruction set of the 8086 microprocessor and
are used extensively in assembly language programming.
Logical instructions are the instructions which perform basic logical
operations such as AND, OR, etc. In 8086 microprocessor, the
destination operand need not be the accumulator. Following is the
table showing the list of logical instructions:
OPCOD
E OPERAND DESTINATION EXAMPLE

AND AX,
AND D, S D = D AND S
0010

OR D, S D = D OR S OR AX, BX

NOT D D = NOT of D NOT AL

XOR D, S D = D XOR S XOR AL, BL

performs bit-wise AND operation and TEST [0250],


TEST D, S
affects the flag register 06

shifts each bit in D to the right C times


SHR D, C SHR AL, 04
and 0 is stored at MSB position

shifts each bit in D to the left C times and


SHL D, C SHL AX, BL
0 is stored at LSB position

ROR D, C rotates all bits in D to the right C times ROR BL, CL

ROL R, C rotates all bits in D to the left C times ROL BX, 06

rotates all bits in D to the right along with


RCR D, C RCR BL, CL
carry flag C times

rotates all bits in D to the left along with


RCL R, C RCL BX, 06
carry flag C times

Here D stands for destination, S stands for source and C stands for
count. They can either be register, data or memory address.
Why use Logical instructions in 8086 microprocessor ?
Here are some reasons why logical instructions are used in the 8086
microprocessor:
1. Bit manipulation: Logical instructions allow the programmer
to manipulate individual bits within a byte, which is useful in
many applications, including device control, signal
processing, and graphics programming.
2. Data encryption: Logical instructions are used in data
encryption algorithms to scramble data by performing
bitwise operations on the data.
3. Data compression: Logical instructions are used in data
compression algorithms to reduce the size of the data by
removing redundant or irrelevant bits.
4. Boolean operations: Logical instructions are used to perform
Boolean operations such as AND, OR, XOR, and NOT, which
are used in many applications, including control systems,
signal processing, and mathematical operations.
5. Condition code flags: Logical instructions can set the
condition code flags in the flags register, which can be used
to control program flow or make decisions based on the
result of the logical operation.
Advantages of Logical instructions in 8086 microprocessor :
1. Efficient data manipulation: Logical instructions allow for
efficient manipulation of data in memory or registers,
providing a powerful and flexible tool for programmers.
2. Bitwise operations: Logical instructions allow for bitwise
operations on individual bits within a byte, providing a
powerful tool for device control, signal processing, and
graphics programming.
3. Boolean operations: Logical instructions can perform
Boolean operations such as AND, OR, XOR, and NOT,
providing a powerful tool for control systems, signal
processing, and mathematical operations.
4. Condition code flags: Logical instructions can set the
condition code flags in the flags register, providing a way to
control program flow or make decisions based on the result
of the logical operation.
5. Data encryption and compression: Logical instructions can
be used in data encryption and compression algorithms,
providing a way to scramble data by performing bitwise
operations on the data or reducing the size of the data by
removing redundant or irrelevant bits.
6. Faster execution: Logical instructions execute faster than
other instructions that perform similar operations, providing
a way to optimize performance in time-critical applications.
Dis-advantages of Logical instructions in 8086
microprocessor :
1. Limited precision: Logical instructions can only operate on 8-
bit or 16-bit data, which can limit their precision in
applications that require higher precision.
2. Limited functionality: Logical instructions can only perform
simple bitwise and Boolean operations, which may not be
sufficient for more complex applications.
3. Register limitations: Logical instructions require the use of
registers, which can be a limited resource in the 8086
microprocessor, especially in applications that require many
different operations to be performed simultaneously.
4. Complex programming: Logical instructions can be difficult
to program, especially for novice programmers who may not
be familiar with the syntax and semantics of assembly
language programming.
5. Debugging challenges: Logical instructions can introduce
subtle errors into programs, especially if they are used
incorrectly or in combination with other instructions.

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