CMT REVIEWER 1B

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They are from igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks or
AGGREGATES
blast furnace slag.
They are natural-based materials mixed with other elements to
AGGREGATES
generate construction materials.
AGGREGATES They are considered the building blocks of society.
They are used as filler with binding material in the production of
AGGREGATES
mortar and concrete
They provide a finished product with volume, stability, resistance
AGGREGATES
to wear and erosion, and other desirable physical attributes.
*Used to strengthen concrete, reduce fractures, and distribute
load across a large area in the construction of railway and road
AGGREGATES ballast.
*They also improve the aesthetics of a project and reduce main-
tenance costs
BASED ON ITS GEOLOGICAL ORIGIN
BASED ON ITS SIZE
WHAT ARE THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF AGGREGATES?
BASED ON ITS SHAPE
BASED ON ITS UNIT WEIGHT
Naturally occuring
NATURAL AGGREGATES
Obtained from PITS or DREDGED from river, creek or sea
ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATES materials that are produced through an ARTIFICIAL PROCESS.
COARSE AGGREGATES AGGREGATES RETAINED ON 4.75MM SIEVE are identified as?
COARSE AGGREGATES Obtained by natural disintegration or artificial crushing of rocks
AGGREGATES PASSING THROUGH 4.75mm sieve are defined
FINE AGGREGATES
as fine
NATURAL SAND Deposited by rivers
CRUSHED STONE SAND Obtained by crushing stones and crushed gravel sand.
0.06MM The Smallest size (sand) is?
GRADED AGGREGATES Aggregates that passes through a particular size of sieve
Naturally available aggregates of different fractions of fine and
coarse sizes
ALL-IN AGGREGATES
Not recommended for quality concrete
Obtained from river or sea shore and produce MINIMUM VOIDS
ROUNDED AGGREGATES
of about 32% in the concrete
Are irregular in shape and have a strong locking bond
IRREGULAR AGGREGATES
These aggregates have 36% voids and require more cement
paste than rounded aggregates
Aggregates with sharp, ANGULAR and rough particles and has
better bond than rounded and irregular aggregates
ANGULAR AGGREGATES
Recommended to use in construction of pavements

Have about 40% voids and require more cement paste

If the least lateral dimension is less than 27mm then it is classified
as?
FLAKY AGGREGATES
Sometimes wrongly called as ELONGATED AGGREGATES

1. STRENGTH
2. STIFFNESS
3. BOND STRENGTH
4. SHAPE AND TEXTURE
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5. SPECIFIC GRAVITY
6. BULK DENSITY
7. VOIDS
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS/ PROPERTIES OF AG-
8. POROSITY
GREGATES?
9. MOISTURE CONTENT
10. BULKING
11. FINENESS MODULUS
CRUSHING TEST, IMPACT TEST, ABRASION TEST, AND TEN WHAT ARE THE TEST CONDUCTED FOR STRENGTH EVAL-
PERCENT FINES TEST UATION?
The modulus of elasticity of concrete is approximately EQUAL TO
STIFFNESS THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE of the moduli of the cement paste
and the aggregate.
The strength of the BOND between aggregate and cement paste
BOND STRENGTH
has an important influence on the strength of concrete.
It influences the properties of fresh concrete more than when it
SHAPE
has hardened
SHAPE AND TEXTURE It govern its void ratio and significantly affect the water requirement
LOW SPECIFIC GRAVITY - HIGH POROSITY - POOR DURA-
The specific gravity and porosity of aggregates greatly influence
BILITY - LOW STRENGTH
the strength and absorption of concrete.
HIGH SPECIFIC GRAVITY - LOW POROSITY - HIGH DURABIL-
(HINDI TERMS SAGOT DITO FLIP MO NALANG)
ITY - HIGH STRENGTH
It depends upon their PACKING, the particles shape and size, the
BULK DENSITY
grading and the moisture content.
The entrapped air bubbles in the rocks during their formation lead
POROSITY
to minute holes or cavities known as pores.
The surface moisture expressed as a percentage of the weight of
MOISTURE CONTETNT
the saturated surface dry aggregate is known as?
The increase in the volume of a given mass of fine aggregate
BULKING
caused by the presence of water is known as?
PERCENTAGE BULKING EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OF
A-B/B X 1 0 0
THE DRY VOLUME =
A numerical index of fineness, giving some idea about the mean
FINENESS MODULUS
size of the particles in the aggregates.
ORGANIC MATTER
CLAY
SHALE EXAMPLES OF DELETERIOUS MATERIALS
COAL
IRON PYRITES
defined as the ability of aggregates to RESISTS CHANGE IN
SOUNDNESS
VOLUME as a result of changes in physical conditions.
TEMPERATURE CHANGES ( FREEZING AND THAWING) CONDTIONS AFFECTING THE SOUNDNESS PROPERTY
SPECIFIC HEAT
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY THERMAL PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATES
COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION
STANDARD SAND Sand used for mix design is known as?
ENNORE SAND In India what do you call the standard sand?
LEIGHTON-BURRARD SAND In UK what do you call the standard sand?
It should be obtained from Ennore, Tamil Nadu
It should be quartz, light grey or whitish THE STANDARD SAND SHOULD BE?
It should be free from silt
ON THE BASIS OF SOURCE
MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION SAND MAY BE CLASSIFIED AS?
SIZE OF PARTICLES
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MORTAR CEMENT+SAND+WATER=?
CONCRETE GRAVEL+SAND+WATER+CEMENT=?
Achieve economy by its use in mortar FUNCTIONS OF SAND?
The grading of fine aggregate has a GREAT INFLUENCE ON
WORKABILITY of mortar
EFFECT OF GRADATION
Very fine sand & very coarse sand = UNSATISFACTORY for
making mortar and concrete
Impurities such as clay, dust and organic materials are HARMFUL
EFFECT OF IMPURITIES
FOR MORTAR AND CONRETE
The quality of fine aggregate in making concrete mix can be
EFFECT BY ENTRAINING AIR IN CONCRETE
reduced by entraining air
These may be uncrushed, crush or partially crushed gravel or
COARSE AGGREGATES
stone most of which is retained on 4.75 mm IS sieve
They should be hard, strong, dense, durable, clear and free from
veins and adherent coatings; and free from injurious amounts of
COARSE AGGREGATES
disintegrated pieces, alkali, organic matter and deleterious sub-
stances

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