Semester Wise Road Map
BS-Zoology
Course
Semester 5 Course Outlines Cr. Hrs.
Codes
Course Objectives:
1. To prepare the students to understand General and Molecular Genetics to
understand Mendelian and non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance inhuman
and to understand the terms and basic concepts of genetics, chromosomes
and genes, traits and variations in changing environment, how traits are
inherited, analyses (to solve problems and complete pedigrees) and how
genetic problems may lead to disease or lethality and current issues regarding
genetics e.g., cloning etc.
2. To impart knowledge about chemical, physical and biological properties of
General and nucleic acids.
ZOL- Molecular 2. To understand different molecular mechanisms and their regulation 4(3-1)
507 Genetics inprokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Learning Outcomes
The students will be able to achieve the aims and objectives of this course; on
completion of course will be able to define terms of genetics and apply
concepts of modern transmission, Solve transmission genetics problems,
make accurate predictions about in heritance of genetic traits as well as make
predictions aboutthe causes and effects of changes in DNA, practice common
genetics laboratory techniques and techniques of modern genetic technology,
as well as select the correct techniques to solve practical genetic problems
and identify the human traits and genetic diseases
Course Outline
1. Nucleic acid, structure and Significance of genetic material.
2. DNA structure
Structure of DNA –A, B and Z forms.
3. DNA replication mechanisms in prokaryotes,Proofreading and role of
different enzymes
DNA replication in eukaryotes
DNA polymerases and other enzymes and DNA binding proteins involved in
DNA replication
DNA Damaging agents
DNA repair mechanisms.
4. Cell Cycle and its regulation.
5. Transcription in prokaryotes, different RNA polymerases and their role
transcriptional control in prokaryotes. Transcription in eukaryotes and role of
different enzymes
Post-transcriptional processing of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA.
6. Genetic Code, genetic code in mitochondrial DNA
7. Translation: Protein synthesis in Prokaryotes
Translation in eukaryotes
Post-translational processing of proteins
Regulation of Gene Expression: Inducive and repressive operons
Lac Operon and Trp Operon
8. Recombinant DNA technology: Restriction enzymes
Cloning vectors. PUC and PBR322, viral vectors, cosmid etc
Rstriction and Ligation
Transformation and Expression
9. Polymerase chain reaction
DNA Hyberadization techniques southern blotting, Northern blotting western
blotting
DNA sequencing (Introduction to sangers method)
10. Site directed mutagenesis.Cancer genomics, Introduction Oncogens,
Introduction, types and mode of action.
Practical
1. Preparation of different stock solutions used in molecular biology (solution
used in PCR, electrophoresis, DNA isolation, RNA isolationand Protein
isolation).
2. Isolation of DNA from human blood.
3. Quantification of DNA and RNA through spectrophotometer.
4. DNA amplification through polymerase chain reaction.
5. Separation of different sized DNA fragments on agarose gel.
Books Recommended
1. Alberts, B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Watson, J.D.
2017.Molecular Biology of the Cell. 6th Edition. Garland Publishing Inc.,
NewYork.
2. Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk, Chris A. Kaiser, Monty Krieger,
AnthonyBretscher, Hidde Ploegh, Angelika Amon, Kelsey C. Martin.
2016.Molecular Cell Biology. W. H. Freeman Publishers, Scientific American
Inc.
3. Geoffrey M.C., Robert E.H. 2007. The cell: A Molecular Approach,
SinauerAssociates, INC.
4. Karp, J. 2005. Cell and Molecular Biology, Concepts and Experiments,Jhon
Wiley and Sons, INC.
5. De Robertis, E. D. P. 2017. Cell and Molecular Biology, 8th edition, Lea
&Febiger, New York.
