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Lecture Note - GIS 821 - Programming in Geoinformatics - Weeks 3

The lecture notes for GIS 821 cover programming in geoinformatics, focusing on conditional statements, loops, file I/O, and geospatial data handling. Key objectives include processing geospatial data using Python, reading/writing files, and manipulating vector/raster data with libraries like GDAL and GeoPandas. Practical exercises involve classifying temperature data, converting CSV files, and visualizing geospatial data.

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7 views5 pages

Lecture Note - GIS 821 - Programming in Geoinformatics - Weeks 3

The lecture notes for GIS 821 cover programming in geoinformatics, focusing on conditional statements, loops, file I/O, and geospatial data handling. Key objectives include processing geospatial data using Python, reading/writing files, and manipulating vector/raster data with libraries like GDAL and GeoPandas. Practical exercises involve classifying temperature data, converting CSV files, and visualizing geospatial data.

Uploaded by

Akeredolu Joshua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture Note: GIS 821 - Programming in Geoinformatics

Target: Conditional Statements, Loops, File I/O, Geospatial Data


Handling

Week 3: Conditional Statements, Loops, and Data Structures


Objective: Use conditional logic, loops, and lists to process geospatial data.
1. Conditional Statements & Branching
Python Example:

Practical Exercise:
⚫ Write a script to classify temperature data (e.g., "Hot", "Moderate",
"Cold") using thresholds.
2. Loops & Repetition
Python Example (For Loop):

Practical Exercise:
⚫ Use a loop to iterate over a list of coordinates and filter latitudes above
30 degrees.

3. Data in Lists/Arrays
Python (List Operations):

Week 4: File I/O, Libraries, and Scripts


Objective: Read/write files, import libraries, and organize code into
reusable scripts.

1. File Input/Output
Python Example (Read/Write CSV):

Practical Exercise:
⚫ Convert a CSV of river coordinates to a text file using Python.
2. Libraries and Scripts
Python Script Example (custom_geo.py):
```python
# Import custom functions
def calculate_distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
# Haversine formula implementation
return distance

# Save as custom_geo.py and import in another script:


from custom_geo import calculate_distance
```
Week 5: Geospatial Data Handling & Processing
Objective: Manipulate vector/raster data using Python (GDAL, Pandas).

1. Geospatial Data Formats


- Vector: Shapefiles (points, lines, polygons).
- Raster: GeoTIFF, ASCII grids.
- Structured Data: GeoJSON, CSV with coordinates.

2. Loading & Visualizing Data


Python Example (Shapefile with GeoPandas):
```python
import geopandas as gpd

# Load shapefile
gdf = gpd.read_file('roads.shp')
print(gdf.head())

# Plot
gdf.plot(color='blue', edgecolor='black')
```
3. Data Conversion & Processing
Python (CSV to Shapefile):
```python
import geopandas as gpd
from geopandas import GeoDataFrame
from shapely.geometry import Point

# Read CSV
data = pd.read_csv('cities.csv')

# Create geometry
geometry = [Point(xy) for xy in zip(data.lon, data.lat)]
gdf = GeoDataFrame(data, geometry=geometry, crs="EPSG:4326")

# Save as shapefile
gdf.to_file('cities.shp')
```
Practical Exercises
1. Python:
- Load a GeoTIFF using GDAL, extract metadata, and convert it to a
CSV of elevation values.
- Use Pandas to clean a CSV with missing geospatial values.

Next Steps:
- Practice with real-world datasets (e.g., Natural Earth
(https://www.naturalearthdata.com/)).
Resources:
- GeoPandas Documentation (https://geopandas.org/)

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