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Primary storage (key term) temporary storage

•Primary storage is temporary – loses content when computer loses power

Secondary storage (key term) permanently saves information for future use; to share
information with others; to modify at later date using secondary storage devices (key
term)
•Secondary storage is nonvolatile – stores programs and data as opposed to
temporary storage (RAM)
•Characteristics include:
•Media or medium (key term) – actual physical materials that holds
the data and programs
•Capacity (key term) – measures how much a particular storage
medium can hold
•Storage devices (key term) – hardware that reads data and programs
from storage media (most also write to storage media)
•Access speed (key term) – measures the amount of time required by
the storage device to retrieve data and programs

Writing– process of saving information to the secondary storage device

Reading – process of accessing information from secondary storage

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Read-write head is .000001 inch above surface

Head crash (key term) occurs when read/write head makes contact with surface.

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Internal Hard Disk (key term) - Located inside the system unit
•Used for storing the operating system, other programs, and large data files
•You should perform routine maintenance and periodically backup all
important files

External hard drives (key term) are removable and are used to complement an
internal hard disk
•Connect to a USB .

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Disk caching (key term)
•Uses hardware and software to anticipate data needs; performs function
similar to RAM caching; improves processing by acting as a temporary high-
speed holding area between a secondary storage device (Key Term) and the
CPU
•Frequently used data is stored in memory; when needed, the access time is
much faster

Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) (key term)

•Groups of low cost hard-disk drives grouped together using networks and
special software
•Performs as a single large-capacity disk; but faster than a single disk of
comparable size
•Often used by Internet servers and large organizations

File compression (key term) and decompression (key term)

•Increase storage capacity
•Reduce space required for storage; reduce up to ¼ of original size
•WinZip is a well-known program, and you can also use utility programs in
Windows.

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Use laser technology. CD (Key Term) and DVD (Key Term) are optical disc (key term)
formats.

Compact, high capacity form of permanent storage (up to 50 gigabytes of data)

Optical discs are read by an optical disc drive (key term)

Laser beam writes by creating a pattern of pits (key term) (holes) and lands (key
term) (flat areas) to encode data bits

Laser beams reflect off the pits and lands to read the data

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CD stands for compact disc

Standard on most computers; can store up to 700 MB on one side

•Read only: CD-ROM (key term)

•Commercial music CD
•Read only means it cannot be written on or erased
•Used to distribute large databases and references

•Write once: CD-R (CD-recordable) (key term)

•Used to archive data or to record music downloaded from the
Internet

•Rewriteable: CD-RW (key term) compact disc rewritable

•Known as erasable optical disks (Key Term)
•Can be changed
•Used to create and edit multimedia presentations

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DVD – digital versatile disc or digital video disc (key term) has replaced CD as the
standard optical disc.

Three types:
• Read only (DVD-ROM) (key term)
• Write once (DVD+R and DVD-R) (key term)
• Rewriteable (DVD+RW, DVD-RW and DVD-RAM) (key terms)

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Blu-ray, also known as BDs (key term) – past, and the present for optical disc storage,
and future belongs to discs of even greater capacity.
•Have a capacity of 50 gigabytes on one side

Blu-ray has seemingly won the battle as the standard high definition video disc
• Like CDs and DVDs, Blu-ray has three basic types: read only, write once, and
rewritable.

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Solid state drives (key term) are faster and more durable (no moving parts) than hard
drives
•Require less power
•Contain solid state memory instead of magnetic disk to store data
•Used for tablet PCs, like the iPad
•Built out of flash memory chips (same ones used in USB flash drives)

Flash memory cards (key term) are one type of solid state device.
•Used in digital cameras, ipods

USB Drives (key term) or Flash drives (key term) connect to a USB port

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Cloud computing (key term) is where the Internet provides cloud storage (key term)
also know as online storage (key term)

The processing power of the service provider’s server is used to run the applications
and your computer is responsible only for displaying the results.

The applications and data can be accessed from any Internet-ready device. This
means that devices with little storage, memory, or processing power, such as mobile
phones, can run the same powerful applications as a desktop computer.

Cloud servers provide storage, processing, and memory.

Software installation and upgrades are avoided.

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Because the service provider’s server is used to run the application and store the
files, even devices with little storage, memory or processing power such as a
smartphone can run the same applications as a desktop computer.

Benefits that are handled by the cloud service

• Maintenance – disk defragmentation, backups, encryption and security,
software upgrades
• Hardware upgrades
• File sharing and collaboration – users can share and collaborate with
anywhere with an Internet connection

Disadvantages
• Access speed – transfer rate is dependent upon your Internet connection
• File Security – may not be as effective as your personal file security

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Mass storage devices (key term) are designed to meet the demands for a tremendous
amount of mass storage (key term).

Support enterprise storage systems are

•File servers (Key Term) – dedicated computer with very large storage
capacities that provide user access to fast storage and retrieval of data
•Network attached storage (NAS) – similar to a files server except less
expensive
•RAID systems (Key Term) – larger versions of the specialized devices
discussed earlier in this chapter that enhance organizational security by
constantly making backup copies of files moving across the organization’s
networks
•Organizational cloud storage (key term) – high speed internet connection to
a dedicated remote organizational cloud storage server.

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Storage area network (SAN) (key term) – a recent mass storage development.

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•Have students turn to the end of Chapter 7 in their textbooks to view the same
“Open-Ended” questions/statements

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