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RIP

The document provides an overview of the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its metric. It details how RIP updates routing information every 30 seconds and the mechanisms in place to prevent routing loops, such as split horizon and route poisoning. Additionally, it discusses the limitations of RIP, particularly its suitability for smaller networks due to its maximum metric of 16.

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12 views19 pages

RIP

The document provides an overview of the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its metric. It details how RIP updates routing information every 30 seconds and the mechanisms in place to prevent routing loops, such as split horizon and route poisoning. Additionally, it discusses the limitations of RIP, particularly its suitability for smaller networks due to its maximum metric of 16.

Uploaded by

drananfackguyclaudio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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+

RIP
+
PLAN

RIP

ROUTING LOOP

CONFIGURATION
+
WHAT IS RIP
+
GENERAL

 THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS THAT WE


USE ON OUR INTERNAL NETWORKS:

 DISTANCE VECTOR

 LINK-STATE

 Distance vector

 Distance: how far away, here we use metric.

 Vector: which direction.


+
rip
 Routing information protocol (RIP) is a stable protocol that uses a distance-
vector algorithm to calculate routes.

 RIP uses hop count as its metric which is nothing more than counting the
number of routers (hops).

A directly connected network has a metric of zero, an unreachable network has a


metric of 16. This limited metric range makes RIP unsuitable for large
networks.

 Devices run rip don’t know the network topoloogy.


+ rip

 Devices that run RIP send routing information updates every 30 seconds,
which is termed advertising. If a device does not receive an update from
another device for 180 seconds or more, the receiving device marks the routes
served by the nonupdating device as unusable. If there is still no update after
240 seconds, the device removes all routing table entries for the nonupdating
device.
+ rip
+ RIP

 The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) sends routing-update messages at regular intervals
and when the network topology changes. When a device receives a RIP routing update that
includes changes to an entry, the device updates its routing table to reflect the new route.
The metric value for the path is increased by 1, and the sender is indicated as the next hop.
RIP devices maintain only the best route (the route with the lowest metric value) to a
destination. After updating its routing table, the device immediately begins transmitting RIP
routing updates to inform other network devices of the change. These updates are sent
independently of the regularly scheduled updates that RIP devices send.
`
+ rip

Routing Loop
+ rip

Infinity updating

If you send packets

Routing loop
+ Routing loop

 IP packet has TTL (time to live) in this head who means the maximal
number of routers transit. This field is code on 8 bits and have initial value
255. each time the packet goes accros the routers on the path to their
destination, the value is reduced by one.

 One thing router does to avoid routing loop is used TTL.


+ Routing loop

Counting to
infinity

Router rip reach counting infinity of 16 who is the maximum


where router is considered unreachable.
+ Routing loop

 Router use split horizon to prevent routing loop. Split horizon means whatever
you learn from your neighbor you are not going to advertise back to him.

 Triggered update is something that, once a network goes down a router will
send it immediately to update its neighbors. Triggered update contents network
that is down and an infinity metric (16).

 Route poisoning is when router send an update for the network with an infinite
metric.
+ Routing loop
+ Routing loop

 Poison reverse it is answer to route poisoning to make sure that router does not update
itself via some other router or path in the network.

 Holddown timer run for 180 secondes and does the following:

 If receive information about lost network from another router with the same or worse
metric than we currently have, we ignore this information.

 If receive information about lost network from another router with a better metric, we
stop a holddown timer and update our routing table with this new information.

 If we don’t receive anything and the holddown timer elapses we remove this network
from the routing table.
+ configuration
+ configuration

classfull

Split horizon
+ configuration

classless
+ configuration

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