COURSE CODE :AAR801 SUBJECT NAME : SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Unit -II

Ar. BIKASH PATRA

_______________________
M.Arch,
IGBC AP, ECBC Expert, GEM CP, GRIHA CP

Topic of the Lecture : Associate Professor

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
GITAM(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
RESOURCE CONSERVATION Visakhapatnam – 530045
Email: [email protected]

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COURSE CODE :AAR801 SUBJECT NAME : SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Unit -II

Outline
• Resource Conservation
• Types of Resource Conservation
• History of Resource Conservation
• Need for Resource Conservation
• Conservation of Natural Resources India

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Introduction
• Nature provides us
the basic needs like
food, shelter, clothes,
etc. for our survival.

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• We use air,
water, soil,
minerals, coal,
petroleum,
animals,
plants etc. in
our daily life.

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• The growing population, rapid industrialisation and

urbanisation have created heavy demand on all these
materials. It is feared that unless proper steps are taken to
conserve them in time, we will face tremendous hardship in
future.

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Resource
• A resource can be
defined as ‘any natural or
artificial substance,
energy or organism,
which is used by human
being for its welfare.
These resources are:
1.Natural resource
2.Artificial resource
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Types of Resource
• (a)Natural resources: All that the nature has provided such as
soil, air, water, minerals, coal, sunshine (sunlight), animals
and plants, etc., are known as natural resources. Human
being uses these directly or indirectly for survival and
welfare.

• (b) Artificial resources: The resources, which have been

developed by human being during the growth of civilization,
are called artificial resources. For example, biogas, thermal
electricity, plastics, etc are manmade resources. These man-
made resources are generally derived from some other
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natural
GITAM SCHOOL resources.
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Types of Resource

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Exhaustible Resources
There are some resources, which are available in limited
quantities and are going to be exhausted as a result
of continuous use. These are called exhaustible
resources. For example, the stock of coal in the earth
is limited and one day there will be no more coal
available for our use. Petroleum is another important
exhaustible resource.

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Inexhaustible Resources
• The resources which cannot be exhausted by human
consumption and other uses, are called inexhaustible
resources. These include energy sources like solar
radiation, wind power, water power (flowing
streams) and tidal power, and substances like sand,
clay, air, water in oceans, etc.

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Renewable Resources
• Some of the exhaustible resources are naturally
regenerated after consumption and are known as
renewable resources. e.g. The living beings (both
animals and plants) reproduce and can thus, replace
the dying or killed individuals. However, if the
consumption of these resources exceeds the rate of
regeneration they may also get totally exhausted.
• Some examples are fresh water, fertile soil, forest
(yielding wood and other products), vegetation,
wildlife, etc. GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
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Non-renewable Resources
• The resources, which cannot be replaced after the
use, are known as non-renewable Resources.
• These include minerals (copper, iron etc.) fossil fuels
(coal, oil etc.).
• Even the wildlife species (rare plants and animals)
belong to this category.

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Conservation
• Conservation is the proper management of a natural
resource to prevent its exploitation, destruction or
degradation.
• Conservation is the sum total of activities, which can
derive benefits from natural resources but at the
same time prevent excessive use leading to
destruction or degradation.

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Conservation of natural resources:

As the human population is continuously growing the
consumption of natural resources is also increasing.
With the increasing industrialisation and urbanisation of
the modern human society, the use of all the resources
is rising. If they are not properly used and well
managed, a serious scarcity will result. Therefore we
need to conserve the natural resources. This will also
upset the ecological balance.

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Need for Conservation of Natural Resources

• We know that nature provides us all our basic needs

but we tend to overexploit. If we go on exploiting the
nature, there will be no more resources available in
future. There is an urgent need to conserve the
nature. Some of the needs are :
• To maintain ecological balance for supporting life.
• To preserve different kinds of species (biodiversity).
• To make the resources available for present
• To ensure the survival of human race.
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Natural Resource Conservation

Past , Present & Future

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COURSE CODE :AAR801 SUBJECT NAME : SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Unit -II

1700-1800’s- a time of plenty

Land stretched for miles!
Endless resources!
Huge forests leveled
Prairies converted to farm
land, Swamps were drained
for useable land
Attitude:
USE IT UP, AND MOVE ON!

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Conservation in the 19th Century

• Need for conservation of land and resources became
evident:
• Trees disappeared
• Soils were eroded

Several leaders and visionaries stepped forward to

intervene.

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George Perkins-Marsh
225px-George_Perkins_Marsh

• Diplomat-naturalist
• Identified fragile nature of our
resources
• Attracted attention to abuses by
humans
• Wrote the book Man and Nature
in 1864
• Began the environmental
movement
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John Muir
• True naturalist, loved nature
• Journaled amazing adventures
• Devoted his life to preservation of
great places
• Lobbied hard for the
establishment of national parks
• Wrote many books that spread
the idea of preservation of
amazing places for future
generations GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
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Conservation in the 20th Century

Four Waves of Conservation

• The First Wave (1901-1909)

• The Second Wave (1933-1941)
• The Third Wave (1960-1980)
• The Fourth Wave (1980-
present)

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The First Wave (1901-1909)

• Teddy Roosevelt got
involved and used his
power to establish
governance over our
natural resources.

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Teddy Roosevelt
• Teddy Roosevelt created the White House
Conference on Natural Resources (1908).Why?
• Deep concern among scientists about timber
depletion in the great lakes states
• Gross mismanagement of the US natural resources
• Worried about economic hardship
• Hunters, anglers, scientists, resource experts met and
talked!

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Gifford Pinchot
First Head Chief of the newly formed US Forest Service!
PA to Governor for a while too!
Teddy’s head advisor
• First Head Chief of the newly formed US
Forest Introduced scientific principles to
forest management
• Favored conservation and future growth
• Use the resources wisely to provide a
steady supply to the people
• Crucial advisor to Teddy in creating public
policy
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“Earth provides enough to

satisfy every man’s
needs, but not
everyman’s greed

Mahatma Gandhi

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• “Ecology is permanent economy.”

• “Today Himalaya is calling you.
Wake up my son, do not allow my
auction. ...
• “We in Himalaya are facing a
crisis of survival due to the
suicidal activities being carried
out in the name of development.”
Sundar Lal Bahuguna

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What is calling for our attention?

India as country is blessed with rich natural resources. But from
our research on the usage of natural resources in our country,
we found that the resources are depleting every day. For
example:
• Forest and arable land is being depleted due to
urbanization, overpopulation and overconsumption
• Wild life resources are being lost due to illegal
poaching, hunting and industrialization.
• Water resources are being contaminated are drying
up due to industrialization.
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Conservation of Natural Resources and

Traditions of India
• The need for conservation of natural resources was felt
by our predecessors and in India, there was a tradition
of respecting and preserving the nature and natural
resources.
• Natural resources were conserved in the form of sacred
groves/forests, sacred pools and lakes, sacred species
etc.
• Sacred forests are forest patches of different
dimensions dedicated by the tribal to their deities and
ancestral spirits. GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
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Conservation of Natural Resources and

Traditions of India
• Cutting down trees, hunting and other human interferences
were strictly prohibited in these forests.
• several water bodies, e.g., Khecheopalri lake in Sikkim was
declared sacred by people, thus, protecting aquatic flora
and fauna.
• Worshipping certain plants like banyan, peepal, tulsi etc.
has not only preserved them but also encouraged us for
their plantation.
• History recalls numerous instances where people have laid
down their lives in protecting the trees.
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COURSE CODE :AAR801 SUBJECT NAME : SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Unit -II

Conservation of natural resources in India:

• The Government of India has undertaken many
measures for the conservation of the resources
• Regulations and reforms for proper housing and
infrastructure development to avoid land acquisition
problems.
• Mass media public service messages to educate the
people on the importance of conservation of
resources.

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COURSE CODE :AAR801 SUBJECT NAME : SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Unit -II

Conservation of natural resources in India

• Increase the wildlife and forest reserves in the
country.
• Schemes to do a proper inventory of the resources
and monitor changes in the environment.
• Various projects and schemes that promote
conservation of resources.

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As a responsible citizen, we should mainly conserve:

• Soil
• Water
• Biodiversity
• Forests

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Legislation for conservation

• Various laws and acts have been passed in Indian
constitution for the protection and conservation of
various natural resources. Some of them are:
• Environment Protection Act,1986.
• Forest Conservation Act,1980.
• Chipko Movement, 1988.
• And many more...

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COURSE CODE :AAR801 SUBJECT NAME : SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Unit -II

Famous Indian Environmental Activists

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COURSE CODE :AAR801 SUBJECT NAME : SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Unit -II

Chipko movement
• Chipko movement in India is one of the best examples.
• This movement was started by the women in Gopeshwar
village in Garhwal in the Himalayas.
• They stopped the felling of trees by hugging them when
the lumbermen arrived to cut them.
• This saved about 12000 square kilometres of the sensitive
water catchment.
• Similar movements also occurred in some other parts of
the country.
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COURSE CODE :AAR801 SUBJECT NAME : SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Unit -II

Quiz
1. Deforestation may reduce the chances of
(a) frequent landslides (b) erosion of surface soil (c) rainfall (d) frequent cyclones

2. Soil erosion can be prevented by

(a) Afforestation (b) overgrazing (c) increasing birds population d) removal of
vegetation

3. This is an example of non-polluting renewable type of energy

(a) Tidal (b) wind (c) solar (d) all of these

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COURSE CODE :AAR801 SUBJECT NAME : SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Unit -II

Topics Covered:
• Resource Conservation
• Types of Resource Conservation
• History of Resource Conservation
• Need for Resource Conservation
• Conservation of Natural Resources India

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THANK YOU

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