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Assignment 07

This document is an assignment for PHY304: Statistical Mechanics, detailing problems related to the Hamiltonian of classical harmonic oscillators, partition functions of classical and quantum systems, and chemical potentials in different limits. It includes calculations for thermodynamic properties, mean energy, and grand partition functions for various systems. The assignment emphasizes the application of statistical mechanics principles to derive key thermodynamic quantities.

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hamrazh2004
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24 views2 pages

Assignment 07

This document is an assignment for PHY304: Statistical Mechanics, detailing problems related to the Hamiltonian of classical harmonic oscillators, partition functions of classical and quantum systems, and chemical potentials in different limits. It includes calculations for thermodynamic properties, mean energy, and grand partition functions for various systems. The assignment emphasizes the application of statistical mechanics principles to derive key thermodynamic quantities.

Uploaded by

hamrazh2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHY304: Statistical Mechanics

Assignment 7
February 25, 2025

1. The Hamiltonian for the system of N classical distinguishable harmonic oscillators with
frequency ω is given by
N
X p2i 1
H(qi , pi ) = + mω 2 qi2
i=1
2m 2
Calculate the thermodynamic properties in the canonical ensemble.

2. Set up the partition function of a classical relativistic ideal gas and obtain the free en-
ergy. Show that the chemical potential in the non-relativistic and the ultra-relativistic
limits are given by
q
Nonrelativistic : 2
µ ≈ mc + kT ln(nλ ) 3
(λ = 2πh̄2 /mkT )

Ultra-relativistic: µ ≈ kT ln(nL3 ) (L = π 2/3 h̄c/kT )

3. Consider a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator which is in equilibrium with a heat


reservoir at absolute temperature T . The energy of such an oscillator is given by
p2 1
E= + k 0 x2 .
2m 2
According to quantum mechanics the possible energy levels of the harmonic oscillator
are given by  
1
En = n + h̄ω (n = 0, 1, 2, . . .),
2
p
where ω = k0 /m is the classical angular frequency of oscillation of the oscillator.

(a) Calculate the partition function for the quantum harmonic oscillator.
(b) Calculate the mean energy ⟨E⟩ of the oscillator.
(c) Show that at high temperatures h̄ω ≪ kB T , the mean energy of the oscillator is
in agreement with the classical result.
(d) Show that as T → 0 it approaches the zero point energy of the ground state.

4. Using the grand canonical ensemble, evaluate the chemical potential µ(T, P ) for an
ultra-relativistic gas contained in a box of volume V .

1
5. A lattice gas consists of N sites, each of which may be occupied by at most one atom.
The energy of a site is ϵ if occupied, and 0 if empty.

(a) Calculate the grand partition function G(z, T ) at fugacity z and temperature T .
(b) What fraction of sites are occupied?
(c) Find the heat capacity as a function of T at fixed z.

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