MODEL QUESTION PAPER

SEMESTER - 2

B. Tech.

GROUP B
[email protected]
www.ktu.edu.in
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: GYMAT201

Course Name: MATHEMATICS FOR ELECTRICAL SCIENCE AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE – 2
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 Hours 30 Minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
2 2 2
1 Find the slope of the sphere x +y +z =1 in the y-direction at (2/3,1/3,-2/3) (3)
2 3 y (3)
Find all first order derivatives of f ( x, y)  x e  y 4 sec x
3 ln 3 ln 2 (3)
 e
x2 y
dydx
Evaluate 0 0

4
  ydx  xdy (3)
Evaluate c where C: y2=3x from (3, 3) to (0,0)
5 Find the gradient of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 at (-2,-1) (3)
6 If 𝐹⃗ (x, y, z) = x2 i -3 j + yz2 k. Find div 𝐹⃗ . (3)
7 (3)
2
Use Greens theorem to evaluate  2 xydx  ( x  x )dy where c is the unit
c
circle in the positive direction
8 Let 𝐹⃗ (x, y, z) = a i +b j +c k be a constant vector field and let  be the surface (3)

of the solid G. Use divergence theorem to show that the flux of F across  is
zero.
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) (4)
u u u
Let u = f (y-z, z-x, x-y). Show that   0
x y z

b) Locate all relative maxima, relative minima and saddle points if any, in f(x, y) (5)
= 2xy - x3- y2
10 a) Find all second order partial derivatives of f(x,y)= x 2y3 + x4y (4)
 b)
z z (5)
u
If z  e ; x  2u  v , y  u and v
xy
then find
v
Module 2
11 a) (5)
1 4

 e
2
y
Evaluate dy dx by reversing the order of integration
0 4x
b) Use a double integral to find the area of the region R enclosed by the curves (4)
y 2  4 x and x 2  4 y
12 a) (4)
Evaluate  R
x 2  y 2 dA over the region in the first quadrant for which x+y≤1

b) Using triple integral find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the planes (5)
x + 2y + z = 6, x=0,y=0 and z=0
Module 3

13 a) Find the work done by the force field F = xyi +yzj +xzk on a particle that (5)

moves along the curve c: r (t )  ti  t j  t k where 0  t  1

2 3

 
b) (4)
Find .( F  G ) if 𝐹⃗ = yzi +xzj+ xyk and 𝐺⃗ = xyi + xyzj
14 a) 2 3 (4)
Find the divergence and curl of vector field F  x yi  2 y zj  3 zk
b) (5)
 3x e dx  x e dy is independent of the path and evaluate the
2 y 3 y
Show that

( 3, 2 )

 3x e y dx  x 3 e y dy
2
integral
( 0,0 )
Module 4
15 a) (4)
Apply Green’s theorem to evaluate  (2 x  y )dx  ( x  y )dy where c is
2 2 2 2

c
the boundary of the area enclosed by the x axis and the upper half of the circle
x2 + y2 = 4.

b) Use Stokes theorem to evaluate ∫ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗ (5)

𝐹⃗ = 𝑧 𝑖 + 3𝑥𝑗 − 𝑦 𝑘 , 𝐶 is the circle in the XY plane,

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 with counter clockwise orientation.
16 a) Use divergence theorem to evaluate ∬ 𝐹⃗ . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 where (5)

F = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘 and 𝜎 is the surface of the cube bounded by planes

𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 0, 𝑧 = 1.
b) (4)
 xzds
Evaluate the surface integral  where  is the part of the plane
x +y + z = 1 that lies in the first octant
*****
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
FIRST SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: GBEST213

Course Name: Engineering Mechanics
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 State and explain Varignon’s theorem. CO1 (3)
2 Explain free body diagram with an example. CO2 (3)
3 Distinguish between angle of friction and angle of repose. CO2 (3)
4 Define the terms moment of inertia and polar moment of inertia. CO2 (3)
5 State and explain D’Alembert’s principle. CO5 (3)
6 What do you mean by general plane motion. Give two examples of bodies CO5 (3)
performing combined motion of rotation and translation.
7 Differentiate between curvilinear motion and projectile motion. CO5 (3)
8 Distinguish between simple harmonic motion and projectile motion. CO5 (3)
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 8 marks
Module 1
9 Concurrent forces 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 N are applied at the center of regular CO3 (9)
hexagon acting towards its vertices as shown in Figure 3 . Determine the
magnitude and direction of the resultant.

10 Determine the reactions at the supports A and B of the beam loaded as shown CO3 (9)
in figure.
 Module 2
11 A uniform ladder 4m length rest against a vertical wall with which it makes CO4 (9)
angle of 45o. The coefficient of friction between the ladder and wall is 0.4 that
between the ladder and floor is 0.5. If a man whose weight is one half the
weights of ladder ascents it, how high will be he when the ladder slips.
12 Calculate the centroid of the composite area shown in figure. CO4 (9)

Module 3
13 An elevator weights 2500 N and is moving vertically downwards with CO5 (9)
constant acceleration. Write the equation for the elevator cable tension.
Starting from rest it travels a distance of 35 metres during an interval of 10
seconds. Find the cable tension during this time. Neglect all other resistances
to motion. What are the limits of cable?
14 Two masses MA = 20 kg and MB = 10 kg are connected by a bar of negligible CO5 (9)
mass. Find the acceleration of the system when it slides down an inclined plane
of inclination 45° as shown in figure. Also find the force in bar. Assume μA=
0.2 and μB=0.4.
 Module 4
15 A weight of 50N suspended from a spring vibrates vertically with an amplitude CO5 (9)
of 7.5cm and a frequency of 1 oscillation/second. Find stiffness of spring and
maximum tension induced in the spring?

16 A particle performing simple harmonic motion. When it is at a distance of CO5 (9)

10cm and 20cm from the mean position, its velocities are 1.2m/s and 0.8m/s
respectively. Find amplitude of oscillations, time period of oscillations, its
maximum velocity and maximum acceleration?
*****
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: GXEST203

Course Name: Foundations of Computing: From Hardware Essentials to Web Design

Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PART A

Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks

1 Explain the boot process of a computer. CO1 (3)

2 Describe how the cache memory can enhance the performance of the CPU in a CO1 (3)
program execution environment.

3 Why is Unicode encoding better than ASCII? Is ASCII still important? Justify. CO2 (3)

4 Explain how a CPU executes an arithmetic operation (e.g., addition of two CO2 (3)
numbers) using the fetch-execute cycle.

5 Consider a mutli-office company with each office site seperated by a few hundred CO3 (3)
kilometers. The offices are equipped with a network of computers. Explain the
possible type of networking technolologies involved in the communication between
any two computers of the company.

6 Is WWW same as the Internet? Justify. CO3 (3)

7 Write a simple HTML code to display a heading and a paragraph. CO4 (3)

8 In what situations would JavaScript be more useful than HTML and CSS alone? CO4 (3)
Provide an example.

PART B

Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1

Page 1of 3
9 a) Explain the memory hierarchy in a computer system with a labeled diagram and CO1 (5)
examples.

b) What are the advantages of using SSDs over HDDs for data storage? CO1 (4)

10 a) Draw a diagram to show the components of a motherboard. Explain the role of any CO1 (6)
three components in enabling effective system performance.

b) Explain the role of buses in data communication. CO1 (3)

Module 2

11 a) Illustrate the addition of two 4 bit binary numbers. Explain the process step by step. CO2 (5)

b) (i) Explain the function of the Control Unit within a CPU. CO2 (4)

(ii) Describe the function of an instruction set and explain how it facilitates
software – hardware interaction.

12 a) A new character encoding system is being developed for a multilingual CO2 (5)
application. Explain why Unicode would be preferred over ASCII for such
purposes.

b) How does a computer represent the integer -12(negative 12) using 8-bit 2's CO2 (4)
complement notation? Show the steps involved in the conversion. Also, state
the number of bits required to represent a value of 255 in binary.

Module 3

13 a) A company has multiple offices in different cities and requires seamless data CO3 (5)
sharing. Compare the suitability of client-server and peer-to-peer networks for this
purpose, and recommend the better option.

b) Give the Linux commands for the following operations: CO3 (4)

(i) Create a directory

(ii) List all the files and sub folders in a directory
(iii) Copy the contents of a text file
(iv) Change the access permissions of files and directories.

14 a) A startup is expanding its business and needs to implement network security. CO3 (5)
Propose a security plan that includes desktop security, perimeter security, and VPN

Page 2of 3
 for remote access.

b) Answer the following: CO3 (4)

(i) Explain the concept of a Client-Server network and provide a real-

world example.
(ii) Explain the role of DNS in internet communication.

Module 4

15 a) Design a webpage using HTML and CSS for an online bookstore. Include a title, a CO4 (6)
heading, a list of book categories, and a basic style.

b) Inspect the following XHTML and make the necessary corrections required, if any: CO4 (3)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="https://ktu.edu.in/">
<head>
</head>
<BODY>
<b><i>Some text</b></i>
<P>This is a paragraph</P>
<a HREF="https://www.ktu.edu.in/">Visit our university website</a>
</BODY>

16 a) A university website needs to display a dynamic countdown timer for an upcoming CO4 (6)
event. Explain how JavaScript can be used to achieve this, with a sample script.

b) Illustrate the different ways in which style sheets can be applied to a web page with CO4 (3)
simple examples.

*****

Page 3of 3
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, DECEMBER 2024

Course Code: GXEST204

Course Name: PROGRAMMING IN C
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PARTA
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 Convert the below if-else to conditional operator 1 (3)
if (first_check)
{
"access denied";
}
else
{
if (second_check)
{
"access denied";
}
else
{
"access granted";
}
}

2 State proper reasons to identify whether the given identifiers are valid or not. 1 (3)
i) 9marks
ii) Mark 2020
iii) v4vote
iv) _csdept
v) @cse
vi) AxB
3 Explain the different ways in which you can declare and initialize a single- 2 (3)
dimensional array.

4 How can a list of strings be stored within a two-dimensional array? How can the 2 (3)
individual strings be processed? What library functions are available to simplify
string processing?
5 Suppose function F1 calls function F2 within a C program. Does the order of the 3 (3)
function definitions make any difference? Explain.

6 Identify the storage class in the below code? 5 (3)

#include<stdio.h>
int a;
int main()
{
printf("a=%d",a);
return 0;
}

7 Suppose a function receives a pointer as an argument. Explain how the function 4 (3)

3
 prototype is written. In particular, explain how the data type of the pointer argument
is represented.
8 While using the statement, fp = fopen( "myfile.c", "r" ) ; what happens if, 5 (3)
− ‘myfile.c’ does not exist on the disk
− ‘myfile.c’ exists on the disk
PARTB
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a 1 (5)
Write a C Program to check if a given number is a strong number or not.
A strong number is a number in which the sum of the factorial of the digits is equal
to the number itself. Eg:- 145=1!+4!+5!=1+24+120=145
b Write a C program that calculates and prints the result of the following expression: 1 (4)
result = 5 * (6 + 2) / 4 - 3. Explain how parentheses affect the precedence of
operators in this expression.
10 a Write a C program that reads employee's ID, name, status (‘F’ for full-time and ‘P’ 1 (6)
for part-time) and basic pay. DA and HRA for full-time employees are 75% and
10% of basic pay respectively. Part-time employees have basic pay only. Print the
total salary of the employee.

b 1 (3)
Explain the difference between primitive (basic) data types and derived data types
in C. Provide examples for each category. Why is it important to choose the
correct data type for variables in a program?
Module 2
11 a Write a C program to reverse the content of an array without using another array. 2 (4)
b Given a list of cities, their literacy level, and the population, write a program to print 2 (5)
the list cities sorted lexicographically. Assume duplication in city names.. Break the
ties with the value of literacy level, and then the population.
18

a Write a C program to rotate (re-insert rightmost element at the left) elements of an 2 (4)
12 array to the right by n-steps.
b Write a C program that allows the user to enter a line of text, store it in an array, 2 (5)
and then display it backward. The line length should be unspecified (terminated by
pressing the Enter key), but assume it will not exceed 80 characters.

Module 3
13 a Develop a function that takes the two dates as input and compares them. The 3 (4)
function should return 1 if date1 is earlier than date2, return 0 if date1 is later than
date2. Write code to display whether date1 is earlier, later, or the same as date2
based on the function’s result.
b Define a structure named Vehicle with members model (character array), year 2 (5)
(integer), and price (float). Create an array of 10 Vehicle structures and write a
function to accept user input for each vehicle's details and Sort the array in
descending order based on price.
14 a Define a structure that can describe a hotel with the following members: name, 3 (4)
address, grade, average room charge, and number of rooms. Write a function to
print out hotels of a given grade, sorted in order of their average room charges.
b Write a function to print out hotels with an average room charge less than a 3 (5)
specified value in the above problem.

3
 Module 4
15 a Write a c program snippet to open a file in write mode and check if the file opened 5 (4)
successfully. if it fails ,print an error message and terminate the program.
b Two persons want to access a file "sample.txt". First person want to read the data 5 (5)
from the file. The second person want to read and write the data from and to the
file simultaneously. Can you help them to do so by writing the corresponding
programming codes?
16 a Write a function calculates the roots of a quadratic equation with coefficients a, b, 4 (4)
and c (passed as pointer parameters).

b In a small firm, employee numbers are given in serial numerical order, that is 1, 2, 5 (5)
3, etc. − Create a file of employee data with following information: employee
number, name, sex, gross salary. − If more employees join, append their data to the
file. − If an employee with serial number 25 (say) leaves, delete the record by
making gross salary 0. − If some employee’s gross salary increases, retrieve the
record and update the salary. Write a program to implement the above operations.
*****

3
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: PCECT205

Course Name: NETWORK THEORY
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 Identify and explain the different types of dependent sources seen
CO1 (3)
in a typical electrical network.
2 Find the voltage across the 4 Ω resistor shown in network by source
Transformation.

CO1 (3)

3 State Thevenin’s theorem. How do you find the Thevenin’s

CO2 (3)
equivalent circuit of a network with dependent sources?
4 State Norton’s Theorem. How is a Norton’s circuit converted to
CO2 (3)
Thevenin’s equivalent circuit?
5 Transform the following circuit to s domain and find the initial
conditions relevant to inductor and capacitor if the switch is
opened at t=0.

CO3 (3)
6 Determine the current through the inductor for t>o, if the initial
current through the inductor is zero.

CO3 (3)

7 The voltage V(s)of a network is given by

CO4 (3)

Plot its pole zero diagram.

8 Write the equations that describe h parameter equivalent circuit,
CO4 (3)
define the parameters and draw the equivalent circuit.
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) Find IA and IB in the given network using mesh analysis

CO1 (5)

b) Find voltages Va , Vb and Vc in the network using nodal analysis.

CO1 (4)
10 a) Determine the source voltage VS so that the current through 2Ω

resistor is zero in the network shown below.

CO1 (5)

b) Find the voltage across the 4Ω resistor in the network

CO1 (4)

Module 2
11 a) Obtain Thevenin’s and Norton’s equivalent circuit between
terminals A and B

CO2 (5)

b) Obtain Thevenin’s equivalent circuit between terminals A and B.

Specify the condition for maximum power transfer and the
maximum power transferred.

CO2 (4)
12 a) Find the current through the inductor using superposition theorem

CO2 (5)

b) Find the current through 2Ω resistor and verify reciprocity

theorem.

CO2 (4)

Module 3
13 a) The switch is moved from position a to b at time t=0. Find the
voltage across the capacitor for t ≥ 0

CO3 (5)

b) Find the step response of an RL series circuit using Laplace

transforms and plot iL (t) and vL (t) for t ≥ 0 and identify the
transient and steady state parts of the responses. CO3 (4)
14 a) In the circuit, the switch is closed at time t=0. Find the currents i1(t)
and i2(t) through the inductors for t ≥ 0

CO3 (5)

b) Find the current i(t) when the switch is closed at t=0 with zero
initial conditions.

CO3 (4)

Module 4
15 a) Find the network functions V 1 , V 2 , V 2 for the network
I1 V 1 I1

CO4 (5)

b) Find Transmission parameters of the following network.

CO4 (4)
16 a) Find the z parameters for the network. Check whether the network

is symmetrical and reciprocal.

CO4 (5)

b) Evaluate the three network functions relevant to the following

network.

CO4 (4)

*****
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: PCEET 205

Course Name: Measurements and Instrumentation
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 Hours 30 Minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 Draw the block diagram of a typical measurement system and indicate the CO1 (3)
functional elements.
2 A dc meter having a coil of resistance 1 K gives full scale deflection when a CO2 (3)
current of 60mA is passed through it. Show that it can be adopted to do work:
(i) As an ammeter with range 0-5A, (ii) As a voltmeter with range
0-500V.
3 Explain the loss of charge method to measure insulation resistance. CO3 (3)
4 Explain the measurement of flux density in a ring specimen. CO3 (3)
5 Two wattmeters are connected to measure the input power to a balanced 3- CO2 (3)
phase load by The two-wattmeter method. If the instrument readings are 8kW
and 4kW. Determine, (a) the total real and reactive power (b) the load power
factor.
6 Briefly explain the concept of smart meter. CO2 (3)
7 Give any three applications of strain gauge CO4 (3)
8 Discuss the concept of virtual instrumentation system. CO5 (3)
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) What is the different torques needed for proper operation of an indicating CO2 (9)
instrument?
10 a) With neat sketches explain the construction of a PMMC instruments CO2 (9)

Module 2
11 a) Explain with figure how BH Curve and Hysteresis loop can be determined CO3 (9)
using method of reversal.
1 2 a) Explain how low resistance is measured using Kelvins Double Bridge CO3 (6)
method. Derive the balance equation used.
b) Draw the circuit diagram of a bridge used for frequency measurement. Write CO3 (3)
the expression for frequency when the bridge is balanced.
Module 3
13 a) Explain the construction and working principle of an induction type energy CO2 (9)
meter. Derive the expression for driving torque.
14 a) Explain the theory of Current and Potential transformers. CO2 (6)
b) A 250: 5 current transformer is used along with an ammeter. If ammeter CO2 (3)
reading is 2.7 A, estimate the line current.
Module 4
15 a) Explain the characteristics of PV cells CO5 (3)
b) Write short notes on RTD. CO5 (3)
c) Draw the block diagram of harmonic analyzer. CO5 (3)
16 a) Draw a neat block diagram of a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope and describe the CO5 (6)
function of each block in detail.
b) Draw the block schematic of Phasor Measurement Unit CO5 (3)
*****
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2025

Course Code: PCERT205

Course Name: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 Hours 30 Minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 Convert the hexadecimal number 2FC3 into binary 1 (3)
2 Write down the 1’s and 2’s complement for the number – 4 1 (3)
3 Construct 2:1 multiplexer 2 (3)
4 Compare Combinational and Sequential Circuits 2 (3)
5 Define Encoder 3 (3)
6 Explain Demultiplexer 3 (3)
7 What is flip-flop? 4 (3)
8 A ripple counter uses flip flops having tpd =14 ns. What can be the 4 (3)
maximum modulus if the input clock frequency is 20 MHz.
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) Explain Gray Code and Excess -3 Code 1 (5)
b) Subtract (111001)2 from (101011) using 1’s complement? 1 (4)
10 a) Convert the following numbers i) (250.5)10 = ( )2 1 (3)
ii) ) (673.23)10 = ( )8 iii)(101110.01)2=( )8
b) perform (-50)-(-10) in binary using the signed-2’s complement 1 (6)
Module 2
11 a) Using K map simplify the SOP function, and realize it using logic gates. (5)
f(a,b,c,d) = Σm (0,1,2,4,5,6) , d = Σ (3,7,14,15)
b) Realize a XNOR circuit using NAND gate only. (4)
12 a) Write DeMorgan’s law. Write them in equation form. Prepare the truth table (3)
to prove their correctness.
b) Using the Boolean theorems simplify the following expression (6)
𝑌 = 𝐴𝐵̅ 𝐶 + 𝐵 + 𝐵𝐷 ̅ + 𝐴̅𝐶
̅ + 𝐴𝐵𝐷
 Module 3
13 a) Design a binary parallel adder (6)
b) Design a one-bit comparator (3)
14 a) Implement the following Boolean function using 8:1 multiplexer (6)
F(A, B, C, D) = A’BD’ + ACD + A’C’ D +B’CD
b) Explain Full subtractor with neat diagram (3)
Module 4
15 a) Draw the circuit diagram of a 4 bit ripple counter. Explain its working. Draw (5)
the timing diagram.
b) Explain Ring Counter and Johnson Counter (4)
16 a) What is meant by race around condition? How it is eliminated. Illustrate with (9)
the help of necessary sketches
*****
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: PCCPT205

Course Name: Sensors and Actuators
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 Define a transducer. Explain the basic principle of energy transformation in a 1 (3)
transducer.
2 List three environmental parameters (EP) that can affect sensor performance. How 2 (3)
do they influence the sensor's characteristics?
3 Define sensitivity and linearity in the context of inductive sensors. Why are these 3 (3)
characteristics important?
4 Describe the basic working principle of an electrostatic transducer 3 (3)
5 Explain how a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor functions. Mention one 4 (3)
application.
6 List the different types of gas sensors and give one example of where each might 4 (3)
be used.
7 Define an actuator. What is the basic working principle of actuators? 5 (3)
8 What is the role of directional control valves 5 (3)
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) Classify transducers based on energy transformation. Provide one example for each 1 (4)
type.
b) Explain the principle of operation of a semiconductor strain gauge. How does it 2 (5)
differ from a resistance strain gauge?
10 a) Discuss the parameters and characteristics of transducers that are critical for their 1 (4)
selection in a given application.
b) Explain the working of a strain gauge. How does it measure strain in a material? 2 (5)
Module 2
11 a) Discuss the working of force/stress sensors using quartz resonators. How do they 3 (4)
measure force or stress?

Page 1of 2
 b) Explain in detail the working principle of an acoustic temperature sensor. How does 3 (5)
it measure temperature?
12 a) Explain the operating principle of a gas thermometric sensor. What makes it suitable 3 (4)
for temperature measurement?
b) Describe the principle of operation of ultrasonic sensors. Discuss their advantages 3 (5)
and limitations in industrial applications.
Module 3
13 a) Compare and contrast optical gas sensors and piezoelectric gas sensors in terms of 4 (4)
their working principles and applications.
b) Discuss the role of nano-structured materials in the development of gas sensors. 4 (5)
What advantages do they offer?
14 a) Describe the fabrication process of microsensors for force and pressure 4 (4)
measurement. What are the key steps and materials involved?
b) Compare the different types of gas sensors (optical, metal oxide, FET, piezoelectric, 4 (5)
polymer) in terms of their sensitivity, selectivity, and applications.
Module 4
15 a) Explain the basic working principle of a pneumatic actuation system. How does it 5 (4)
differ from a hydraulic system?
b) Explain in detail the design and operation of micropumps. Discuss their practical 5 (5)
applications
16 a) Explain the design and working of a process control valve. How does it ensure 5 (4)
precise control in a hydraulic or pneumatic system?
b) Compare and contrast piezoelectric and piezoresistive actuators. Highlight their 5 (5)
working principles and applications.
*****

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 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, JUNE 2025

Course Code: PCBRT 205

Course Name: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 What is the importance of Anatomy & Physiology for Biomedical (3)
Engineering?
2 Explain about membrane potential. (3)
3 What is spinal reflex? Give one example. (3)
4 Write short note on limbic system. (3)
5 What are functions of plasma proteins? (3)
6 Write a brief note on ECG. (3)
7 Write a short note on micturition. (3)
8 What are the applications of Anatomy & Physiology in medical technology (3)
for improving patient care?
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) Explain the different types of transport mechanism in cell membrane. 1 (9)
b) List the functions of skeletal system. 1 (9)
c) Discuss the different transport mechanism of cell with examples. 1 (9)
10 a) Discuss the functions of membrane pumps with examples. 1 (9)
b) Explain the different types of tissues present in human body. 1 (9)
c) Explain the structure and functions of synovial joint. 1 (9)
Module 2
11 a) Explain the functions of different areas of central nervous system. 2 (9)
b) Explain the structure of ear and physiology of hearing. 2 (9)
c) Differentiate sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. 2 (9)
12 a) Explain the important roles of thalamus and hypothalamus. 2 (9)
b) Explain peripheral nervous system. 2 (9)

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 c) Explain the basic structure and functions of integumentary system. 2 (9)
Module 3
13 a) Discuss the mechanism of gas exchange in lungs. 3 (9)
b) “ The lymphatic system is one of the circulatory system having important 3 (9)
role in the immunity” justify the statement with suitable examples.
c) Are the cardiac sounds and murmurs having clinical importance? If yes, give 3 (9)
examples.
14 a) “O-positive blood group is universal donor”. Yes or No, Discuss the ABO 3 (9)
system of blood grouping.
b) How the Hb saturation influence the oxygen transport? Explain. 3 (9)
c) Explain systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. 3 (9)
Module 4
15 a) Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction & relaxation. 4 (9)
b) Discuss the structure of kidney with diagram. 4 (9)
c) Explain the mechanism of urine formation. 4 (9)
16 a) Explain in detail the difference between peristalsis segmentation and 4 (9)
perpendicular movement in the digestive tract.
b) Describe the anatomical observations and functions of 5 digestive organs. 4 (9)
c) Explain the different types of muscles briefly. 4 (9)
*****

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 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: PCEBT205

Course Name: BASIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FOR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERS
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 What is the difference between intracellular & extracellular fluids? 1 (3)
2 How do ionic movements across the cell membrane contribute to the 1 (3)
generation of action potentials?
3 List different functions of cerebellum. 2 (3)
4 Classify the types of Neurons & its functions. 2 (3)
5 Specify the 3 types of plasma proteins. 3 (3)
6 Explain the mechanisms involved in inhalation and exhalation. 3 (3)
7 What are the differences between compact and spongy bone in terms of 4 (3)
structure and function?
8 Explain the Physiology of Micturition? 4 (3)
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) Distinguish between feedback & feed forward mechanism of Homeostatic 1 (3)
control system.
b) What is resting membrane potential? How does the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz 1 (6)
equation help in determining the resting membrane potential of a cell?
10 a) What is Homeostasis? Why is it important? 1 (3)
b) How do different transport mechanisms across the cell membrane contribute 1 (6)
to maintaining cellular homeostasis
Module 2
11 a) Illustrate the functions of Hypothalamus. 2 (3)
b) How inner ear supports in hearing & sense of balance. 2 (6)
12 a) Describe functions of different lobes of the cerebral cortex. 2 (3)
b) What is the mechanism of synaptic transmission? 2 (3)

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 c) Describe the mechanism of vision. 2 (3)
Module 3
13 a) Describe the different Components of Blood. 3 (3)

b) With the help of a neat sketch describe the different phases of Cardiac Action 3 (6)
Potential Curve.
14 a) Describe the various mechanisms that prevent blood loss. 3 (3)
b) Describe the components of respiratory system in detail. What is the site of gas 3 (6)
exchange?
Module 4
15 a) Explain the classification of bones according to their shapes. 4 (3)
b) Describe the mechanism of urine formation. 4 (6)
16 a) Write a short note on structure of synovial joint. 4 (3)
b) List out the differences between Juxtamedullary Nephron and Cortical Nephron 4 (6)
*****

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 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: PCICT205

Course Name:BASICS OF INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 Explain the basic block diagram of a measurement system with the help of a 1 (3)
figure
2 Compare active and passive instruments 1 (3)
3 What is accuracy and precision of an instruments 2 (3)
4 What is a first order instrument 2 (3)
5 Why is calibration necessary 3 (3)
6 What is loading effect 3 (3)
7 What are the sources of measurement noise 4 (3)
8 What are limiting errors 4 (3)
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 Discuss the importance of instrumentation in the petrochemical industry with 1 (9)
two specific examples.
10 Discuss in detail the applications of instrumentation in different fields such as 1 (9)
petrochemical, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food processing. Provide specific
examples and elaborate on how instrumentation enhances efficiency and safety in
these fields.
Module 2
11 Explain the functional elements of a measurement system in detail with suitable 2 (9)
examples. Discuss how each element contributes to the overall measurement
process.
12 Discuss typical applications of instrument systems in various industries. Provide 2 (9)
detailed examples and explain how the functional elements of measurement systems
are utilized in these applications.
Module 3
13 Explain the functional elements of a measurement system in detail with suitable 3 (9)
 examples. Discuss how each element contributes to the overall measurement
process.
14 a Provide a brief explanation of a typical application of an instrument system. 3 (5)
b Explain the role of signal conditioning in a measurement system with an example. 3 (4)
Module 4
15 Discuss the different types of errors in the measurement process, including 4 (9)
known errors, gross errors, systematic errors, instrumental errors,
environmental errors, and observational errors. Explain methods to reduce
these errors and provide examples for each type.
16 Discuss methods for the reduction of systematic errors, including careful 4 (9)
instrument design, method of opposing inputs, calibration, and manual
correction of output reading.
*****
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: PCRAT205

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS FOR ROBOTICS

Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 Hours 30 Minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 Explain the law of Robot? 1 (3)
2 Mention the components of robot system 1 (3)
3 Illustrate the use of proximity sensor? 2 (3)
4 Explain piezoelectric sensors 2 (3)
5 Differentiate between Thermistors and Thermocouples 3 (3)
6 Explain ultrasonic ranging 3 (3)
7 Differentiate between logical and continuous actuators 4 (3)
8 List out the main characteristics of actuators 4 (3)
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) Illustrate the laws which are to be considered under the field of robotics? 1 (5)
b) How do humanoids differ from cobots? 1 (4)
10 a) List out the different classifications of robots? Explain in detail 1 (9)
Module 2
11 a) Explain in detail the concept of tactile sensors. 2 (4)
b) How can you explain the static and dynamic characteristics of transducers? 2 (5)
12 a) Explain briefly about the different proximity, force and pressure sensors 2 (9)
currently in use?
Module 3
13 a) Explain briefly about the sensors that can be used to measure the range of 3 (4)
obstacles?
b) Explain the working of LVDT. 3 (5)
14 a) Which are the different motion sensors? Explain in detail. 3 (9)
 Module 4
15 a) Illustrate the working of Solid-state switches 4 (4)
b) Explain the working of Hydraulic actuator 4 (5)
16 a) Explain the principle and working of Pneumatic actuator and Electro- 4 (9)
Pneumatic actuator
*****
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: PCEIT205

Course Name: Logic Circuit Design
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 Perform arithmetic addition using 2’s complement representation 1 (3)
a) (-11)10 + (23)10 b) (253)10 - (126)10
2 Reduce using Boolean algebra x’y’ + xy’ + xy 1 (3)
3 Write a short note on the operators in Verilog. 4 (3)
4 How do the ripple carry adders handle carry propagation 2 (3)
5 Compare Latches and Flip Flops 3 (3)
6 Comment on the different types of clocks used in sequential circuits. 3 (3)
7 Compare the performance of CMOS and TTL logic families 5 (3)
8 Explain a) fan-in b) fan-out c) propagation delay. 5 (3)
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) Reduce the expression f = Σ(0, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 15) using K-map and 2 (5)
implement using NOR gates only
b) Implement a Verilog code for the reduced expression above 4 (4)
10 a) Reduce the expression f = П m(1, 5, 6, 12, 13, 14) + d(2, 4) using K-map 1 (5)
b) Convert the following numbers: 1 (4)
(a) (101111.0101)2 to decimal (b) (39.625)10 to binary c) (456.25)10 to
Hexadecimal d) (12B4.45)H to octal
Module 2
11 a) Differentiate between PLA and PAL 4 (4)
b) Realize a 2 bit comparator. 2 (5)
12 a) Realize a 3-bit binary to gray converter 2 (5)
b) Reduce and implement the following Boolean function using 4 X 1 MUX 2 (4)
f(x, y,z) = m0 + m1 + m3 +m4 + m5 + m6, where mi is the ith minterm.

Page 1of 2
 Module 3
13 a) Convert D flip flop to JK flip flop, showing all the steps 3 (5)
b) Implement a Verilog code for realizing JK flip flop. 3 (4)
14 a) What is race around condition? How it is avoided in MSJK flip flop. 4 (5)
b) Detail the realization of a bidirectional shift register. 3 (4)
Module 4
15 a) Design a Mod-6 synchronous counter using Flip flops. 3 (5)
b) Explain the working of CMOS inverter. 5 (4)
16 a) Design a synchronous counter using T flipflop to count the following 3 (6)
sequence.
0-3-1-4-7-0
b) Explain the working of a TTL inverter . 5 (3)
*****

Page 2of 2
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: UCEST206

Course Name: ENGINEERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND IPR
Max. Marks: 40 Duration: 2 Hours 30 minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 Define the term entrepreneurial mindset and explain its importance. (2)
2 List and briefly explain the types of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). (2)
3 What is value proposition, and why is it important for startups? (2)
4 Describe the role of customer feedback in refining market strategies. (2)
5 Write the steps involved in preparing a financial projection for a business (2)
plan.
6 Briefly describe two stakeholder engagement strategies used in prototype (2)
development.
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 8 marks
Module 1
9 a) (7)
Discuss the frameworks for fostering innovation in startups. How does
building a strong team influence the success of innovation?

b) A startup aims to launch a mobile-based health tracking application. Identify (7)

the statutory compliances they need to fulfill and outline strategies for
protecting their intellectual property.

Module 2
11 a) (7)
Explain the steps involved in conducting market segmentation and customer
profiling. How does competitor analysis enhance a startup’s value
proposition?

b) A group of entrepreneurs is developing a solution canvas for a solar-powered (7)

water purifier targeting rural markets. Design their value proposition and
draft a market validation strategy using customer feedback.
Module 3
13 a) What are the key components of a business plan? Highlight the role of (7)
marketing and operations strategies in ensuring business sustainability
b) A startup is launching a food delivery app focusing on local cuisine. Develop (7)
a business plan framework including market analysis, marketing strategy,
and risk mitigation approaches
Module 4
15 a) (7)
Describe the prototype development process, including resource allocation
and quality assurance. Why is engaging with advisors and mentors important
during this phase?

b) An engineering team is prototyping a low-cost robotic arm for industrial use. (7)
Create a stakeholder engagement strategy to attract investors and secure
partnerships while ensuring product quality and timely delivery.
*****
 Sample Questions- Module wise

Module-I: Introduction to Ideation, Innovation & Entrepreneurship

Total Marks: 30
Duration: 90 Mins

PART A: Short Answer Questions

(Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks.)

(6 x 3 = 18 Marks)

1. Define innovation and discuss its importance in entrepreneurship.

2. Differentiate between copyrights and patents in Intellectual Property Rights (IPR).
3. What are the statutory requirements for starting a business in India?
4. Explain the concept of team dynamics and its importance in entrepreneurship.
5. Identify two idea generation techniques and describe their application.
6. Discuss the role of IPR in securing funding for startups.

PART B: Descriptive and Case Study Questions

(Answer one question from each set. Each question carries 6 marks.)
(2 x 6 = 12 Marks)

7(Descriptive):
(a) Discuss the frameworks for innovation and their application in the engineering domain. (4 marks)
(b) Explain the significance of identifying pain points in developing innovative solutions. (2 marks)

OR

8 (Case Study):
A software engineer has developed a new AI tool to optimize inventory management for small
businesses.
(a) Identify the types of IPR they can use to protect their innovation. (2 marks)
(b) Suggest a strategy to form a team and identify essential skill sets. (2 marks)
(c) Recommend how they can validate their idea with potential users. (2 marks)

9 (Descriptive):
(a) What is the entrepreneurial mindset, and how does it drive innovation? (3 marks)
(b) Explain strategies for refining ideas to bring innovation to life. (3 marks)

OR

10 (Case Study):
A group of students aims to start a drone delivery business.
(a) Identify the statutory requirements they need to comply with. (2 marks)
(b) Propose how thexy can validate their idea in the market. (2 marks)
(c) Discuss the importance of team roles in executing their plan effectively. (2 marks)
 Module-II: Problem and Solution Canvas Preparation

Total Marks: 30
Duration: As per exam schedule

PART A: Short Answer Questions

(Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks.)

(6 x 3 = 18 Marks)

1. Define value proposition and explain its significance in entrepreneurship.

2. What is customer segmentation, and why is it important?
3. Outline the purpose of persona development in customer profiling.
4. Discuss the role of competitor analysis in market positioning.
5. Describe the process of conducting market research for a startup.
6. Explain the importance of customer feedback in refining a product.

PART B: Descriptive and Case Study Questions

(Answer one question from each set. Each question carries 6 marks.)
(2 x 6 = 12 Marks)

7 (Descriptive):
(a) Explain the steps involved in preparing a problem canvas. (3 marks)
(b) Discuss how regulatory and legal considerations influence market entry strategies. (3 marks)

OR

8 (Case Study):
A startup wants to create eco-friendly packaging solutions.
(a) Identify their potential competitors and suggest profiling methods. (2 marks)
(b) Conduct a SWOT analysis for their business idea. (2 marks)
(c) Propose a pricing strategy based on market research. (2 marks)

9 (Descriptive):
(a) What is customer needs assessment, and how does it help in product development? (3 marks)
(b) Explain the significance of competitive analysis in creating a differentiation strategy. (3 marks)

OR

10 (Case Study):
A food-tech company plans to launch a subscription-based meal delivery service.
(a) Describe how they can profile their target customers. (2 marks)
(b) Suggest ways to validate their market assumptions. (2 marks)
(c) Recommend strategies for effective communication and messaging. (2 marks)
 Module-III: Business Plan Preparation

Total Marks: 30
Duration: As per exam schedule

PART A: Short Answer Questions

(Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks.)

(6 x 3 = 18 Marks)

1. Define business plan and its significance for startups.

2. List the components of a marketing and sales strategy in a business plan.
3. What is risk management, and why is it important?
4. Discuss the purpose of financial projections in a business plan.
5. Explain the role of iterative development in prototype creation.
6. What are the benefits of quality assurance in prototype development?

PART B: Descriptive and Case Study Questions

(Answer one question from each set. Each question carries 6 marks.)
(2 x 6 = 12 Marks)

7 (Descriptive):
(a) Discuss the key elements of a product/service description in a business plan. (3 marks)
(b) Explain the steps involved in preparing a prototype development plan. (3 marks)

OR

8 (Case Study):
A wearable tech startup wants to create a fitness tracking device.
(a) Develop an operations plan, including resource allocation. (3 marks)
(b) Identify key risks and propose mitigation strategies. (3 marks)

9 (Descriptive):
(a) Explain how market analysis informs a business plan. (3 marks)
(b) Discuss the importance of documentation and version control in prototype development. (3 marks)

OR

10 (Case Study):
A renewable energy company is planning to launch a wind energy solution for urban use.
(a) Suggest a marketing strategy for the product. (2 marks)
(b) Recommend a financial projection for their business plan. (2 marks)
(c) Describe a feedback loop for improving the product. (2 marks)
 Module-IV: Prototype Development

Total Marks: 30
Duration: As per exam schedule

PART A: Short Answer Questions

(Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks.)

(6 x 3 = 18 Marks)

1. Define the phases of prototype development.

2. What are the key components of a stakeholder engagement strategy?
3. Explain the role of testing in prototype development.
4. How can iterative development improve a prototype?
5. Discuss the significance of mentor engagement in startup growth.
6. What is the importance of engaging investors during prototype development?

PART B: Descriptive and Case Study Questions

(Answer one question from each set. Each question carries 6 marks.)
(2 x 6 = 12 Marks)

7 (Descriptive):
(a) Describe the role of technical specifications in prototype development. (3 marks)
(b) Discuss methods for engaging stakeholders during product development. (3 marks)

OR

8 (Case Study):
A healthcare startup is designing a wearable device to monitor blood sugar levels.
(a) Propose a prototype development timeline. (2 marks)
(b) Suggest ways to test and ensure quality assurance for the prototype. (2 marks)
(c) Recommend methods to secure funding from investors. (2 marks)

9 (Descriptive):
(a) Explain the importance of resource allocation in prototype development. (3 marks)
(b) Discuss how feedback from partners and customers can refine a prototype. (3 marks)

OR

10 (Case Study):
An IoT company is creating a smart home automation system.
(a) Develop a strategy for engaging early adopters and collecting feedback. (2 marks)
(b) Propose a differentiation strategy for their product in the market. (2 marks)
(c) Suggest methods for maintaining version control during development. (2 marks)