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Sample GSCE 06 Von Neumann Architecture

Teach Computer Science offers affordable resources for teaching computer science to students aged 11-16 and beyond, covering various curricula. The document includes an introduction to von Neumann architecture, detailing its components and the CPU's role in processing instructions. Additionally, it provides activities, quizzes, and flashcards to enhance learning and understanding of computer science concepts.

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Rameshkumar Nivarshana
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10 views13 pages

Sample GSCE 06 Von Neumann Architecture

Teach Computer Science offers affordable resources for teaching computer science to students aged 11-16 and beyond, covering various curricula. The document includes an introduction to von Neumann architecture, detailing its components and the CPU's role in processing instructions. Additionally, it provides activities, quizzes, and flashcards to enhance learning and understanding of computer science concepts.

Uploaded by

Rameshkumar Nivarshana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Teach Computer Science
GSCE Computing

Von Neumann
Architecture

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1.

Revision notes

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Introduction
Very early computers could not store programs and, hence, in 1945,
John von Neumann developed an idea of a computer that could store
programs, which is also known as von Neumann architecture. He
suggested that data and programs could be stored in memory and
that the data would be transferred between the memory and the
processor during processing. In this article, von Neumann architecture
and its components are explained.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is responsible for the processing of


the instructions given to a computer. It consists of an arithmetic logic
unit, control unit and cache memory. The hardware of a CPU is made
of billions of transistors that form logic gates. These logic gates
perform the operations assigned to the computer. Processors work at
a speed of 4 GHz, that is, processes 4 000 000 000 instructions in a
second. Instructions are processed using the fetch-decode-execute
cycle that is described in detail further in the article.

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Von Neumann architecture
Von Neumann architecture shows the components of a computer in
detail. It shows the connection between the processor, memory and
input-output devices. These connections are called buses. Three
different kinds of buses are the address bus, control bus and data bus.

Figure 1: Von Neumann architecture

Type of bus Function Direction of bus

Transmits the Unidirectional: From


address between the the processor to
Address bus
processor and memory and
memory input-output devices
Sends data between
the processor,
Data bus Bi-directional
memory and
input-output devices
Signals sent by
processor to control Unidirectional: From
the memory and the processor to
Control bus
peripheral devices memory and
input-output devices

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2.

Activities

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Activity-1
Duration: 10 minutes

1. A set of instructions in assembly language is given below. Its


memory location is also given below.

Address Opcode Instruction

MOV AX, 22h


2000 A1 22
SUB AX, 15h
2002 33 15

2004 F4 HLT

A. What is the function of this code?

B. Consider any instruction and in the space below and describe its
fetch-decode and execute cycle. Use appropriate registers in your
explanation.

teachcomputerscience.com
Activity-1
Duration: 10 minutes

1. A set of instructions in assembly language is given below. Its


memory location is also given below.

Address Opcode Instruction

MOV AX, 22h


2000 A1 22
SUB AX, 15h
2002 33 15

2004 F4 HLT

A. What is the function of this code?

To subtract 15 from 22

B. Consider any instruction and in the space below and describe its
fetch-decode and execute cycle. Use appropriate registers in your
explanation.

Consider MOV AX, 22h at location 2000


Steps:
i. 2000->PC to fetch this instruction
ii. PC-> MAR
iii. A1 22 (opcode for instruction) -> MDR
iv. MDR-> CIR
v. PC+1->PC
vi. Instruction is decoded
vii. Control signal is sent by processor copy 22 to register AX

Note: Symbol -> is used for “copied to ”

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Flashcards

What is the function Transmits the address


between the processor and
of the address bus? memory

Transmits data between the


What is the function processor, memory and
of a data bus? input-output devices

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Glossary
Register that stores the result of arithmetic
Accumulator and logical operations performed by the
processor.

A part of a processor that is responsible for


Arithmetic and logic arithmetic functions such as addition,
unit subtraction, multiplication, etc. and logic
operations such as AND, OR, NOT, etc.

The connections between the processor,


Buses memory and input-output devices
responsible for transferring data and signals.

CPU consists of a control unit, ALU and cache


Central processing
memory. It is responsible for processing the
unit (CPU)
instructions given to a computer.

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Quiz
1. Which of the following is a component of a CPU?
A. Arithmetic and logic unit
B. Control Unit
C. Cache memory
D. All of the above

2. Early computers were not able to function without human


intervention. Why?
A. The early computers did not have a memory unit.
B. The early computers were very big.
C. The early computers had frequent power failures.

3. What are the main components of a computer in von Neumann


architecture?
A. Processor and input-output devices
B. Processor, Memory unit and input-output devices
C. CPU, monitor, keyboard and mouse

4. What is the function of bus?


A. Connects the components of a computer
B. Transmits data, address and control signals between the
components of computer
C. Both A and B

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