Solution

APPLIED MATHS

Class 12 - Applied Maths

1. (a) 2
Explanation:
100 ≡ x (mod 7) ⇒ 100 - x is divisible by 7
Putting x = 1, 2, 3, ...
For x = 1, 100 - 1 = 99 which is not divisible by 7
For x = 2, 100 - 2 = 98 which is divisible by 7.
Hence, the least positive value of x is 2.
2. (a) 2 : 10
Explanation:
(09: 30 + 16 : 40) (mod 24) = 26 : 10 (mod 24) = 2 : 10
3. (a) 9
Explanation:
From the definition:
If a is congruent to b modulo m
We write a ≡ b (modulo m) or a≡ b (mod m).
It means:
a is said to be congruent to b modulo m. If m divides (a - b) or (a - b) is divisible by m.
(3−x)−5
⇒
11
⇒ there is only one value that satisfies it in the set (1,2,....,10) that is 9.

4. (a) 6
Explanation:
18 → 1 × 18, 2 × 9, 3 × 6, 6 × 3, 9 × 2, 18 × 1

5. (a) C-1BA-1
Explanation:
We know that (AB)-1 = B-1 A-1
Hence, (AB-1C)-1 = C-1(AB-1)-1= C-1(B-1)-1A-1= C-1BA-1
6. (a) none of these
Explanation:
Since each element aij can be filled in two ways (with either '2' or '0'), total number of possible matrices is 8 × 8 × 8 = 512
Therefore, none of the given options are correct.

7. (a) -8e-2x
Explanation:
-8e-2x
8. (a) a vertical tangent
Explanation:
We have, y = x1/5
diff. w.r.t. (x), we get
dy d 1/5
⇒ = (x )
dx dx
1
dy −1 n
1 dx n−1
⇒ = x 5 [∵ = nx ]
dx 5 dx
4
dy 1 −
⇒ = x 5
dx 5

∵ tangent at (0, 0) is
4
dy 1 −
= × (0) 5 = ∞
dx 5

So, the curve y = x1/5 has a vertical tangent at (0, 0).

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58 Jamuna Nagar Ajmer road Sodala , 7976464499
 9.
(b) 16
Explanation:
x+y=8⇒y=8-x
xy = x(8 - x)
Let f(x) = 8x - x2
Differentiating f(x) with respect to x, we get
f'(x) = 8 - 2x
Differentiating f'(x) with respect to (x), we get
f"(x) = -2 < 0
For maxima at x = c, f'(c) = 0 and f"(c) < 0
f'(x) = 0 ⇒ x = 4
Also f"(4) = -2 < 0
Hence, x = 4 is a point of maxima for f(x) and f(4) = 16 is the maximum value of (x)

6 10

10. (a) 16
C6 (
1

4
) (
3

4
)

Explanation:
np = 4, npq = 3
3
⇒ q =
4
,p =
1

4
, n = 16
6 10

P(X = 6) = 16
C6 (
1

4
) (
3

4
)

11.
(b) F(1.7) - F(0)
Explanation:
P(0 < Z < 1.7) = F(1.7) - F(0)

12.
(b) 81
1

Explanation:
In the given binomial distribution, n = 4 and
16
P(X = 0) = 81

Binomial distribution is given by

P(X = 0) = 4C0p0q4-0
16
We know that P(X = 0) = 81

4 16
∴ q =
81
2
⇒ q =
3

2 1
∴ p = 1 − =
3 3

Then, P(X = 4) = 4C4p4q4-4

4
1
= ( )
3

1
=
81

13.
(b) 3
Explanation:
A fair coin is tossed ⇒ p = q = 1

P(X ≥ 1) ≥ 0.8
⇒ 1 - P(0) ≥ 0.8

⇒ P(0) = 0.2
n
⇒ (
1

2
) = 0.2
⇒ 2-n = 0.2

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 ⇒ 2n ≥ 5
⇒ n ≥ 3

14.
(d) 5% p.a.
Explanation:
5% p.a.

15.
(c) ₹6250
Explanation:
PV of perpetuity
AnnualP ayment/Cashf low
=
Interestrate/yield

= 500

= 500

0.08

= ₹6250

16.
(c) ₹2400
Explanation:
₹2400

17. (a) ₹62500

Explanation:
₹62500
18. (a) 3

Explanation:
18 9
Rate downstream = 4
=
2
km/hr
18 3
Rate upstream = 12
=
2
km/hr
Rate Downstream− Rate Upstream
Now, the speed of the stream = 2
9 3
−
2 2 6 3
⇒ = =
2 4 2

19.
(b) 1

2
km/hr
Explanation:
Let the speed of man and stream be x and y km/hr
downstream speed = (x - y) km/hr
upstream speed = (x + y) km/hr
tupstream = x−y
40

8(x - y) = 40
x - y = 5 ...(i)
36
tdownstream = x+y

6(x + y) = 36
x + y = 6 ...(ii)
(i) - (ii)
-2y = -1
y= 1

Hence, speed of stream = 1

2
km/hr

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20.
(c) 10 hours
Explanation:
Let the required time be x hours, then
1 1 1 1 1 1
( x) + (x − x) + (x − x) = 1
16 4 16 4 20 4

x 3x
⇒
16
+
80
= 1 ⇒ x = 11 = 10 hours.

21. Consider the amount of pulse of price ₹ 45 = x

And the amount of pulse of price ₹ 60 = y
Then the total amount of mixture = 45x + 60y
But the price per kg of mixture = ₹ 49.50
So, total price of x + y kg = 49.50(x+y)
Now according to the equation
49.50(x + y) = 45x + 60y
49.50x + 49.50y = 45x + 60y
4.50x = 10.50y
x 10.50
=
y 4.50
0.7 7
= 0.3
=
3

Hence, the required Ratio is 7 : 3

22. Matrix form of given equations is AX = B
5 2 x 3
⇒ [ ][ ]= [ ]
3 2 y 5

5 2 x 3
Here A = [ ],X=[ ] and B = [ ]
3 2 y 5

∣5 2∣
∴ |A| = ∣ ∣ = 10 - 6 = 4 ≠ 0
∣3 2∣

Therefore, solution is unique and X = A-1B = 1

(adj A) B
|A|

x 1
2 −2 3
= [ ]= [ ][ ]
4
y −3 5 5

1
6 − 10 1
−4 −1
= [ ]= [ ]= [ ]
4 4
−9 + 25 16 4

Therefore, x = -1 and y = 4
250
23. We have, p = x+15

Let R be the total revenue when x units are sold. Then,

R = px ⇒ R = 250x

x+15

dR 250(x+15)−250x
⇒ =
dx 2
(x+15)

⇒ MR = 3750

2
... (i)
(x+15)

We have, x = 25n

√n3 +36

Therefore, for n = 4, we obtain x = 25×4

= 10
√64+36

When n = 4 we obtain x = 10
Therefore, putting x = 10 in (i), we get
MR = =6 3750

2
(10+15)

24. To calculate the lump sum amount required to provide an annual scholarship of ₹ 3,000, we can use the formula for the present
value of a perpetuity. A perpetuity is a series of payments that continues indefinitely.
The formula for the present value of a perpetuity is:
P ayment
PV =
Interest Rate

In this case, the annual payment (scholarship) is ₹ 3,000, and the annual interest rate is 5%(0.05 as a decimal). Plug these values
into the formula:
₹ 3000
PV = 0.05

PV = ₹ 60,000

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 So, the lump sum amount required to provide an annual scholarship of ₹ 3,000, starting at the end of this year and continuing
forever, is ₹ 60,000.
25. We have y ≤ -3. Converting the given inequation into equation we obtain y = -3. Clearly, it is a line parallel to x-axis at a distance
of 3 units below it. The line y = -3 divides the xy-plane into two regions one below it and the other above it. Consider the point O
(0, 0). We find that (0, 0) does not satisfy the inequation y ≤ -3. So, the region represented by the given inequation is the region
not containing the origin as show in Figure. Clearly, it is the solution set of the given inequation.

26. Given, jaggery in the syrup (c) = 40%

Pure jaggery (d) = 100%
Resulting jaggery in the syrup (m) = 50%
Quantity of jaggery syrup = 600 g
Let the quantity of jaggery be x g, then

Quantity of jaggery syrup

∴ = 50

10
Quantity of pure jaggery

⇒
600

x
= 5

1
⇒ x = 120 g
Hence, 120 g of jaggery should be added to make 50% in the syrup.
27. Given,
4 2 3 1 −1 1 1 2 −1
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

A = ⎢1 1 2 ⎥, B = ⎢ 0 1 2 ⎥, C = ⎢ 3 0 1 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
3 0 1 2 −1 1 0 0 1

4 2 3 1 −1 1 1 2 −1
⎛⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤⎞⎡ ⎤

(AB)C = ⎜⎢ 1 1 2⎥⎢0 1 2 ⎥⎟⎢ 3 0 1 ⎥

⎝⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦⎠⎣ ⎦
3 0 1 2 −1 1 0 0 1

4 + 0 + 6 −4 + 2 − 3 4 + 4 + 3 1 2 −1
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

= ⎢1 + 0 + 4 −1 + 1 − 2 1 + 2 + 2⎥ ⎢ 3 0 1 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
3 + 0 + 2 −3 + 0 − 1 3 + 0 + 1 0 0 1

10 −5 11 1 2 −1
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
=⎢ 5 −2 5 ⎥⎢3 0 1 ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
5 −4 4 0 0 1

10 − 15 + 0 20 + 0 + 0 −10 − 5 + 11
⎡ ⎤

=⎢ 5 − 6 + 0 10 + 0 + 0 −5 − 2 + 5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
5 − 12 + 0 10 + 0 + 0 −5 − 4 + 4

−5 20 −4
⎡ ⎤

(AB)C = ⎢ −1 10 −2 ⎥ ... (i)

⎣ ⎦
−7 10 −5

4 2 3 1 −1 1 1 2 −1
⎡ ⎤ ⎛⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤⎞
A(BC) = ⎢ 1 1 2 ⎥ ⎜⎢ 0 1 2⎥⎢3 0 1 ⎥⎟
⎣ ⎦ ⎝⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦⎠
3 0 1 2 −1 1 0 0 1

4 2 3 1 − 3 + 0 2 + 0 + 0 −1 − 1 + 1
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤

= ⎢1 1 2 ⎥⎢ 0 + 3 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 0 + 1 + 2 ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
3 0 1 2 − 3 + 0 4 + 0 + 0 −2 − 1 + 1

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 4 2 3 −2 2 −1
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤

= ⎢1 1 2⎥⎢ 3 0 3 ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
3 0 1 −1 4 −2

−8 + 6 − 3 8 + 0 + 12 −4 + 6 − 6
⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ −2 + 3 − 2 2 + 0 + 8 −1 + 3 − 4 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
−6 + 0 − 1 6 + 0 + 4 −3 + 0 − 2

−5 20 −4
⎡ ⎤
A(BC) = ⎢ −1 10 −2 ⎥ ... (ii)
⎣ ⎦
−7 10 −5

From equation (i) and (ii)

(AB)C = A(BC)
28. Let x units of the product be produced and sold. As the selling price of one unit is ₹8, so the total revenue on selling x units = ₹8x.
i. Since the variable cost is 25% of total revenue recovered, so the variable cost = 25% of ₹8x = ₹( 25

100
× 8x) = ₹2x
Fixed cost of the company is ₹24000.
∴ Cost function (in ₹) = C(x) = 2x + 24000

ii. Revenue function (in ₹) = R(x) = 8x

iii. At breakeven points, R(x) = C(x)
⇒ 8x = 2x + 24000 ⇒ 6x = 24000 ⇒ x = 4000

Hence, breakeven point is x = 4000.

29. Let X be a random variable denoting the number of bad eggs in a sample of 3 eggs drawn from a lot containing
2 bad eggs and 10 good eggs. Then, X can take the values 0,1 and 2.
Now,we have,
P(X = 0) = P(no bad egg)
10
C3 120 12
= 12
= 220
= 22
C3

P(X = 1) = P(1 bad egg)

2 10
C1 × C2
= 12
= 90

220
= 9

22
C3

P(X = 2) = P(2 bad eggs)

2 10
C2 × C1
= 12 C
= 10

220
= 1

22
3

Thus, the probability distribution of X is given by

X 0 1 2
12 9 1
P(X) 22 22 22

Computation of mean :
xi pi pixi
12
0 22
0
9 9
1 22 22

1 1
2 22 11

1
∑ pi xi =
2

Therefore, Mean= ∑ p i xi =0+ 22

9
+
1

11
=
11

22
=
1

30. Year Sales 4-yearly centered moving total 4-yearly moving Average 4-yearly centered moving Average

2011 124 - - -

2012 120 - - -

519 129.75

2013 135 - 132.37

540 135.00

2014 140 - 139.75

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 578 144.50

2015 145 - 147.87

605 151.25

2016 158 - 155.00

635 158.75

2017 162 - 162.52

665 166.25

2018 170 - - -

2019 175 - - -

31. The demand and supply functions are p = D(x) and p = S(x), where D(x) = x2 - 6x + 16 and S(x) = 1

3
2
x +
4

3
x + 4

i. The equilibrium point (x0, p0) is the point at which the demand-supply curves intersect. Therefore, the equilibrium point is
obtained by setting D(x) = S(x).
Now, D(x) = S(x)
⇒ x2 - 6x + 16 = 1

3
x
2
+
4

3
x + 4

⇒
2

3
2
x −
22

3
x + 12 = 0 ⇒ x2 - 11x + 18 = 0 ⇒ (x - 2)(x - 9) ⇒ x = 2 [∵ x ≤ 5]
Putting x = 2 either in p = D (x) or in p = S(x), we obtain p = 8. Thus, x0 = 2 and p0 = 8. Hence, (2, 8) is the equilibrium point.
ii. The consumer's surplus (CS) at the equilibrium point (2, 8) is given by
x0
CS = ∫ D(x)dx − p x
0
0 0

2
⇒ CS = ∫ 0
(x
2
− 6x + 16) dx − 8 × 2

3 2

⇒ CS = [ x

3
− 3x
2
+ 16x] − 16 =( 8

3
− 12 + 32) − 16 = 20

3
0

iii. The producer's surplus (PS) at the equilibrium point (2, 8) is given by
x0
PS = p x − ∫ S(x)dx
0 0
0

2
⇒ PS = 8 × 2 − ∫ 0
(
1

3
x
2
+
4

3
x + 4) dx

2
3

⇒ PS = 16 − [ x

9
+
2

3
2
x + 4x] = 16 − ( 8

9
+
8

3
+ 8) = 40

9
0

32. i. 70xy
ii. 90(x + y)
iii. 90(1 - ) 9

x2

OR
3
33. i. ₹ 24379.10
ii. ₹ 1055326.20
iii. ₹ 10553.26
OR
₹ 13825.84
34. i. The point A(5, 10) lies on the equation y - 2x = 0, therefore the equation of line OA is y - 2x = 0.
ii. Point on line BC i.e., C(0, 2) lies on the equation y - 2x = 2, therefore equation of line BC is y - 2x = 2.
iii. Point B is the intersection point of line BC and BD.
So, substituting x = 5 in y - 2x = 2,
we get y = 12
Thus, required coordinates are (5, 12).
OR
The required constraints for L.P.P. are
y ≥ 2x
y - 2x ≤ 2

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 x≤5
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
35. Here, |A| = -(-4 - 3) - (12 + 1) + 2(9 - 1)
= 7 - 13 + 16 = 10 ≠ 0
T
−7 −13 8 −7 2 3
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ adj(A) = ⎢ 2 −2 2⎥ = ⎢ −13 −2 7⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
3 7 −2 8 2 −2

−7 2 3
⎡ ⎤

Hence A −1
=
1

10
⎢ −13 −2 7⎥
⎣ ⎦
8 2 −2

−1 1 2 −7 2 3 1 0 0
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
−1 1
AA = ⎢ 3 −1 1 ⎥ ⎢ −13 −2 7 ⎥ = ⎢0 1 0⎥
10
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
−1 3 4 8 2 −2 0 0 1

36. Given the average event of flood overflow in every 10 years is 2.

So, λ = 2.
∴ Required probability = P(X ≤ 3) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
0 −2 1 −2 2 −2 3 −2

= 2 e

0!
+
2 e

1!
+
2 e

2!
+
2 e

3!

= e-2(1 + 2 + 2 + 4

3
)
= 0.135 × 19

3
= 0.045 × 19
= 0.855 = 0.86
45200−0 45200
37. i. Annual amount of depreciation = 3
= ₹ 3
45200

Rate of depreciation = 45200

3
× 100 = 33.3%

ii. v(t) = mt + C − 45200

3
t + 45200

iii. v (1 1

2
)= −
45200

3
×
3

2
+ 45200 = ₹22600
38. Let the cistern be emptied n hours after 5 AM. Clearly, pipes A and B fill the tank for n hours and (n - 1) hours respectively, while
pipe C empties the tank for (n - 2) hours.
(n−1) (n−2)
n
∴ + − = 0
3 4 1
4n+3(n−1)−12(n−2)
⇒
12
= 0 ⇒ -5n + 21 = 0 ⇒ n = 21

5
hours ⇒ n = 4 hours 12 minutes
Hence, the cistern will be emptied 4 hours 12 minutes after 5 AM i.e. at 12 minutes past 9 AM.

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