Page # 26 MAXIMA & MINIMA

EXERCISE – V HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 A Sol.3 (a) D

f(x) = x for 0 < x  2 f(x) = (1 + b2)x2 + 2bx + 1
= –x for –2  x < 0 f ’(x) = 2(1 + b2)x + 2b = 0
=1 for x = 0
Local maxima 1
b
x =
at x = 0 (1  b 2 )
–2 0 2

Sol.2
b2 2b2
A,B
m(b) = (1 + b2) – +1
(1  b 2 )2 (1  b 2 )

x
b2 2b2
= – +1
(1  b 2 ) (1  b 2 )
a
1
m(b) = =y
b y (1  b 2 )

1 1
1 1 + b2 = b2 = –1
Area of triangle A = (a + x) (y + b) y y
2

x a ( y  1) y 1
b2 = – 0  0
b
=
y
 ab = xy y y

+ – +
1
A= (ay + ab + xy + bx) 0 1
2
y  (0, 1]
1
a b2  a 2 Range  (0, 1]
  2ab  bx  = b   2a  x 
A=
2  x  2  x  (b) A
cot 1 . cot 2 ............ cot n = 1

 2  
dA b   a  1 possible when 1 = 2 = 3 = ....= n =
dx
=
2  x
2
 4
Max. value P = (cos 1) . (cosa2) ........ (cos n)
dA
for max. & min. value of A =0 n
dx  1  1
2 2 =   = n/2
x =a  x=±a  x=a  2 2

d2A  2a2 
b  3 
2 = 2  x  Sol.4 A
dx
AM  GM

d2 A a2b b (a1  a2  ......  an1  2an )

 (a1a2 ...... 2an)
1/n
  0
dx 2
a3 a n
xa

A is minimum a1  a2  ......  2an 1/n

 (2e)
n
1 1/n
min. Area A = (a + a) (b + b) = 2ab a1 + a2 +.......+ an–1 + 2an  n(2e)
2

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
 MAXIMA & MINIMA Page # 27

x2 y2 dA 3 (100  r 2 )1/ 2 1
Sol.5 (a) + =1 (0,7) = (–2r2) + (100 – r2)3/2 = 0
6 3 dr 2 10 10
B
Let point – 3r2 + (100 – r2) = 0
P 4r2 = 100
P( 6 cos , 3 sin ) A (7,0) r = 5
slope = –1
2x 2y
+ y’ = 0 Sol.6 (a) f(x) = x3 + bx2 + cx + d , 0 < b2 < c
6 3
f ’(x) = 3x2 + 2bx + c
D = 4b2 – 12c = 4(b2 – c) – 8c
x 1 6 cos 
y'   D < 0
2y p
2 3 sin  f ’(x) > 0
 f(x) is increasing in x  (–, )
1 (b) Let f(x) = 3x2 + (3 – 2) x –  sin x
y’ = – cot  = –1 f ’(x) = 6x + 3 – 2 –  cos x
2

3  
1 1 f ’’(x) = 6 +  sin x > 0 for x  0, 
tan  =  2
2 
2
 
2 1 f ’(x) is increasing in 0, 
cos  = ; sin  =  2
3 3
f(0) = 0
P(2, 1)
(b) x2 + y2 = r2 
f  < 0
Line : AB 6x + 8y = r2 .....(1) 2

 graph of f(x) always lies below the x-axis

36  64  r 2
PM = 10 P (6,8)  
f(x)  0 is x  0, 
 2
A
0 /2
M 3x2 + 3x  2x +  sin x
2
100  r 0
B
= (0,0) y = f(x)
10 3x(x  1)
 sin x + 2x 

OB = r
Sol.7 Let the polynomial P(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
2
r r4 r2 Given that
OM = 10 ; BM = r2  = r 1
100 100 P(–1) = –a + b – c + d = 10
P(1) = a + b + c + d = –6
1 P’(1) = 3a – 2b + c = 0
Area = PM × AB P’’(1) = 6a + 2b = 0  3a + b = 0
2
solving for a, b, c, d we get
 100  r 2  f(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 9x + 5
1   r2 P’(x) = 3x2 – 6x – 9 = 0 x = –1 and x = 3
=  10  2r 1 
2   100 x = –1 is the max. and x = 3 min.
Hence point (–1, 10) and (3, –22)
(100  r 2 )3 / 2
A=r Distance = ( 1  3 )2  (10  22 )2 = 4 65
10

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
 Page # 28 MAXIMA & MINIMA

Sol.8 (a) Let f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d Sol.9 (a) f(x) = (2 + x)3 –3 < x  –1
f(2) = 8a + 4b + 2c + d = 18 = x2/3 –1 < x < 2

f(1) = a + b + c + d = –1
f ’(–1) = 3a – 2b + c = 0
f ’’(0) = 0  b = 0
–3 –1 O 2
By solving we get the polynomial

1 clearly
f(x) = (19x3 – 57x + 34)
4 x = 0 is point of minima
and x = –1 is point of maxima
1
f ’(x) = [57x2 – 57] = 0 x 2  ax  1
4
(b) f(x) =
x 2  ax  1
x = ± 1 + – +
min. at x = 1 –1 1 2ax
f(x) = 1 – 2
x  ax  1
increasing for x  (1, 2 5 ]

 ( x 2  ax  1)2a  2ax(2 x  a) 
f ’(x) = –  
 ex , 0  x 1  ( x 2  ax  1)2 
 x 1
(b) g’(x) = f(x) = 2  e , 1 x  2
 xe , 2 x 3
 2a( x 2  1)
=
( x 2  ax  1)2
g’(x) = 0 when x = 1 + n 2 and x = e
 ( x 2  ax  1)2 ( 2 x )  2( x 2  1)( x 2  ax  1)( 2x  a ) 
(i) f ’’(x) = 2a  ( x 2  ax  1) 4

  e x 1 1  x  2  
g’’(x) = 
 1 2x3
 2 x( x 2  ax  1)  2( x 2  1)(2x  a) 
g’’(1 + n 2) = – e n 2
<0 = 2a  
 ( x 2  ax  1)3 
 x = 1 + n 2 is a max. point
g’’(0) = 1 > 0 x = e, is a min. point. 4a(a  2) 4a
f ’’(1) = 3 =
(a  2 ) ( a  2 )2
(c) Let h(x) = f(x) f ’(x)
from this graph f(x) is zero at atleast four places  ( 2) (2  a)   4a
f ’’(–1) = 2a  =
( a  2 )2

and f ’(x) is zero at atleast three places  (2  a)3 
hence h(x) is zero in atleast 7 places (2 + a)2 f ’’(1) + (2 – a)2 f ’’(–1) = 4a – 4a = 0
+ – +
(ii)
–1 1

 (–1, 1) and min. at x = 1

graph of f(x)
a b c d
ex f ' (t)
(iii) g(x) = 0 dt
–1 1 t2

hence h’(x) is zero in atleast 6 places. f ' (e x )

g ’(x) = ex
h’(x) = g(x) = 0 has minimum 6 solutions. 1  e2x

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]
 MAXIMA & MINIMA Page # 29

Sol.12 Let f(x) = x4 – 4x3 + 12x2 + x – 1

2x
2a (e  1) ex f'(x) = 4x3 – 12x2 + 24x+1
= 2x x 2 × 2x
(e  ae  1) 1 e f''(x) = 12x2 – 24x+24
y

f''(x) = 12(x – 1)2 + 12>0

g ’(x) = 0 ; if e2x – 1 = 0 i.e. x = 0
 f'(x)  x'
If x < 0, e2x < 1 g’(x) < 0 x
f(0) = – 1 –1
slope of f(x) is increasing y'
Sol.10 (a) Let p(x) = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e
Hence there are 2 distinct real roots.
p’(x) = 4ax3 + 3bx2 + 2x + d
p’(1) = 4a + 3b + 2c + d = 0 .....(1)
Sol.13 p'(x) = a(x – 1) (x – 3) = ax2 – 4ax + 3a
p’(2) = 32a + 12b + 4c + d = 0 .....(2)

ax3
Lim  1  p( x )  = 2 p(x) = – 2ax2 + 3ax + c
x  0  x2 
 3

a
 ax 4  bx3  (c  1)x2  dx  e  3
– 2a+3a + c = 6 & 9a – 18a+9a = 2
Lim   =2
x 0 
 x2 
  a=3
c + 1 = 2, d = 0, e = 0 p'(0) = 3a = 9
c=1
from (1) and (2)
4a + 3b = –2 and 32a + 12b = –4  x2  x  1 ; x 1
 2
a = 1/4, b = –1  x  x  1 ; 0 x 1
Sol.14 f(x) =  2
 x  x  1 ; 1  x  0
x4  x2  x  1
p(x) = – x3 + x2  ; x  1
4

16
p(2) = –8+4=0
4
(b) f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x – 48
A = {x/x2 + 20  9x} –1 –1/2 0 1/2 1
= {x/x  [4, 5]}
2
f ’(x) = 6(x – 5x + 6) = 0 Sol15. ABCD
x = 2,3 2

f(2) = –20, f(3) = –21, f(4) = –16, f(5) = 7 f '(x)  ex (x  2).(x  3)

maximum value = f(5) = 7 Increasing in (0,2)  (3,  ),

Decreasing in (2,3)
Sol.11 (a) D Maximum at 2 & minimum at 3
f ’(x) > 0, g’(x) > 0, h’(x) > 0. Maximum will 2 2
& f''(x) = ex (2x  3)  (x2  5x  6)  2x  ex =0
occur at 1 so f(1) = g(1) = h(1)

 2x  5  2x3  10x2  12x  0

(b)
2
g’(x) / g(x) = 2010 (x – 2009) (x – 2010) ..........  2x3  10x2  14x  5 = 0
3 4
........... (x – 2011) (x – 2012) so there exists some c  (0,  ) such that
For maximum, g’(x) must change its sign from f''(c) = 0
positive to negative which is true only at x = 2009.

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, [email protected]