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2425 - Module 2 - Fluid Flow Measuring Devices P1

The document discusses various fluid flow measuring devices including orifices, nozzles, venturi meters, pitot tubes, and weirs. It explains key coefficients such as the coefficient of discharge, velocity, and contraction, along with their relationships and formulas. Additionally, it covers head loss in measuring devices and provides examples of calculations for venturi meters and pitot tubes.

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Joshua Mateo Esteban
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24 views17 pages

2425 - Module 2 - Fluid Flow Measuring Devices P1

The document discusses various fluid flow measuring devices including orifices, nozzles, venturi meters, pitot tubes, and weirs. It explains key coefficients such as the coefficient of discharge, velocity, and contraction, along with their relationships and formulas. Additionally, it covers head loss in measuring devices and provides examples of calculations for venturi meters and pitot tubes.

Uploaded by

Joshua Mateo Esteban
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLUID FLOW

MEASURMENT
DEVICES
BY : Engr. Casta
Coverage:

• Fluid flow measuring devices


• Coefficients ( Discharge,
Velocity and Contraction )
• Head lost for Nozzle, Venturi-
meter, Pitot tube and Orifice
• Venturi-meter
• Pitot Tube
• Orifice
• Weirs
Fluid Flow
Measuring Devices
• Orifice
• Nozzle
• Venturi Meter
• Pitot tube
• Weirs
• Gates

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND


Coefficients
• Coefficient of Discharge, Cd or C
• Coefficient of Velocity, Cv
• Coefficient of Contraction, Cc
• RATIO OF ACTUAL / THEORETICAL
Coefficient of Discharge, Cd or C
• is a dimensionless number that represents the ratio of
the actual discharge to the theoretical discharge

𝑸𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝑪𝒅 =
𝑸𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍

Where:
𝑸𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 = Actual Discharge
𝑸𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 = theoretical flow rate, which can be calculated
using Bernoulli's equation assuming ideal flow conditions.
Coefficient of Velocity, Cv
• is a dimensionless number that represents the ratio of
the actual velocity to the theoretical velocity.

𝑽𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝑪𝒗 =
𝑽𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍

Where:
𝑽𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 = Actual Velocity
𝑽𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 = theoretical mean velocity, which can be
calculated using Bernoulli's equation assuming ideal flow
conditions.
Coefficient of Contraction, Cc
• is a dimensionless number that represents the ratio of
the vena contracta to the cross-sectional area of the
devices.
𝒂
𝑪𝒄 =
𝑨

Where:
𝒂 = Vena contracta
𝑨 = Cross-sectional area
Relationship between the Coefficients

𝑸𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝑪𝒅 =
𝑸𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍

𝑽𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝑪𝒗 = 𝑪𝒅 = 𝑪𝒗 ∗ 𝑪𝒄
𝑽𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍
𝒂
𝑪𝒄 =
𝑨
Head lost in Measuring Devices
• it represents the energy loss in the fluid due to
friction, turbulence, and other resistive forces as the
fluid passes through the device.

𝒗𝟐 𝟏
𝑯𝑳 = ∗ ( 𝟐 − 𝟏)
𝟐𝒈 𝑪𝒗

Where:
𝑯𝑳 = Head lost in meters
𝒗 = mean velocity in m/s
𝑪𝒗 = Coefficient of velocity
𝒈 = Gravitational acceleration
Venturi-Meter
• Measures flowrate in pipes
• Developed by Giovanni Battista Venturi

𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔

𝐼𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡


Venturi-Meter
1. A venturi meter has an area ratio of 9 to 1, the larger
diameter being 600mm. During the flow, the
recorded pressure head in the larger section is 10m.
And that of the throat is 2.5m. Coefficient of venturi-
meters is 0.957.

a. Determine the diameter of the throat.


b. Determine the velocity at the throat
c. Determine the theoretical discharge through the
meter.
d. Determine the actual discharge through the meter.
Venturi-Meter
2. The total weight of water passing the meter in 5min
was 340kg. Assume the manometer has
mercury(13.6)

a. Compute the velocity at the throat


b. Theoretical Discharge
c. Venturi-meter coefficient

5𝟎𝒎𝒎∅ 12.5𝒎𝒎∅

h
360mm
`
Venturi-Meter
3. Water is flowing upward through a Venturi meter as
shown. Assume a discharge coefficient of 0.984

a. Compute the change in pressure head between 1 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎∅


and 2 in meter of oil. X
b. Compute the velocity at the throat. 0.5m
c. Compute the discharge of oil.
1.5m y
5𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎∅

Glycerin = 1.26

𝑸
Pitot Tube
• is a device used to measure fluid flow velocity
Pitot Tube
4. A glass pitot tube is open at both ends. It is inserted into a flowing stream of water so that one
of the opening is directed upstream and the other is directed upward. If the water inside the
tube is 50mm higher than the surface outside.

a. Determine the velocity measure by the tube.


b. If we change the water into oil(SG)
Pitot Tube
5. Water flows through the pipe contraction shown in figure.
For the given 0.2-m difference in the manometer level,
a. Determine the flowrate ,diameter of the small pipe, D is 0.50m.
Pitot Tube
6. Air ( Unit weight of air is 12N/m^3) is flowing through a system shown. If oil, S.G = 0.827 shows
a deflection of 80mm, Neglect losses.

a. Calculate the velocity at the throat.

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