TOPIC 8 :

VIDEO 01

BALMES,GIMENEZ,,SARAGA,
SUBEBE,TRECHO,VILLARAN
 Video
a program, movie, or
other visual media
02 product featuring
moving images, with
or without audio,
that is recorded and
saved digitally or on
videocassette:
 Video Formats
refer to the way video
information is stored in digital
devices or servers.
02

is the container that stores

audio, video, subtitles, and any
other metadata
VIDEO FORMATS 2 COMPONENTS

A. Codec

- is an acronym used for “compressor/decompressor”. It’s a piece of

software that helps you shrink the size of a video file. For instance, if you try
to copy data or a video from a Blu-Ray disc to your system, it will easily take
up a large amount of space. Hence, these files are compressed to make
them more manageable and save space. These files are decompressed with
the same codec during playback and restored to the original high-quality
video.
VIDEO FORMATS 2 COMPONENTS
B. Containers

- are like boxes that keep all the elements of a file i.e. audio, video, text, etc.
in a single place and make it available for synchronized playback. Each
container differs in terms of the elements they can support apart from
audio and video. For instance, some containers can store metadata,
subtitles, ratings, and other information
02 Video Formats
 1. MPEG

-4 Part 14 or MP4 (Motion Picture 4) is

one of the earliest digital video file
formats introduced in 2001. Most
02 digital platforms and devices support
MP4. An MP4 format can store audio
files, video files, still images, and text.
Additionally, MP4 provides high-quality
video while maintaining relatively small
file sizes.
2. MOV

is a popular video file format designed

by Apple. It was designed to support
the QuickTime player. MOV files contain
videos, audio, subtitles, timecodes, and
other media types. It is compatible
across different versions of
QuickTimePlayer, both for Mac and
Windows. Since it is a very high-quality
video format, MOV files take up
significantly more memory space on a
computer.
 3. WMV (Windows Media Video)

- was designed by Microsoft and is

widely used in Windows media players.
WMV format provides small file sizes
with better compression than MP4.
02
That is why it’s popular for online video
streaming. Although it is not compatible
with Apple devices, users can download
Windows Media Player for their iPhone
or Mac.
 4. FLV (Flash Video)

- is a file format used by Adobe Flash

Player. It is one of the most popular and
versatile video formats supported by all
video platforms and browsers. The FLV
02
format is a good choice for online video
streaming platforms like YouTube. They
have a relatively small file size which
makes them easy to download. The only
drawback is that it’s not compatible
with many mobile devices like iPhones.
 5. AVI (Audio Video Interleave)

- Developed by Microsoft, the AVI

video file format is one of the oldest
ones out there. The reason why it is
relevant even today is that it is
02
adaptable, versatile, and compatible
with different file formats and several
web browsers. AVI is one of the best
video formats you can use for short
videos, teasers, and promos as it offers
good quality even after compression.
6. MKV (Matroska Video)

- Considered to be one of the best

video file formats out there, the MKV or
Matroska is a free, universal container
with an open-source code that works
seamlessly on all operating systems. It
allows you to incorporate audio, video,
metadata, menus, and subtitles - all
under one file.
7. AVCHD (Advance Video Coding High
Definition)

- Designed specifically for camcorders,

the AVCHD video file format was born
out of a collaboration between
Panasonic and Sony. This type of file
format utilizes H.264/MPEG-4
compression technology that squeezes
video data down to small sizes. This
means that you can store hours of high-
quality videos using less space.
8. WebM (Web Media)

- is an open-source video format

introduced by Google for HTML5. The
underlying technology for this video file
format is available to the public. It has a
very small file size and supports high-
quality video. It takes less time to load
as the video playback takes place
directly in the browser using HTML5
without a flash player.
Special Attributes
of Video
Video can be used to:

demonstrate experiments or phenomena

substitute for a field visit

record and archive events that are crucial to topics in a course, but which
may disappear or be destroyed in the near future, such as, for instance,
street graffiti or condemned buildings

Manipulation of time
 Advantages of
Using Videos in
Teaching
Advantages of Using Videos in Teaching

Ease of sharing and storage

- Videos can be shared in a number of ways including through email, social

media, cloud storage, peer to peer sharing and streaming.

No degradation of data quality when copied

- Video files quality remains intact after copying. But if you convert that file to
any format then there is a chance of change in the quality of the video file.
Advantages of Using Videos in Teaching
Easy and inexpensive copying

- Due to technological advancement, video creation and editing are more easier.
Everyone who creates a video uses video editing software and tools which is
free. Example of free video editing software are HitFilm Express, Lightworks,
iMovie, VideoPad and many more.

Reduces cognitive overload and maximizes retention

- Videos increase knowledge retention since they can be stopped and replayed
as many as needed. They can also be reviewed long after the initial lesson was
taught.
Advantages of Using Videos in Teaching

Increase learner engagement and participation

- Videos increase student engagement which in turn

helps to boost achievement.
 Limitations of
Using Videos in
Teaching
Limitations of Using Videos in Teaching

Keep videos short to keep students more engaged

- Our attention spans are short, so shorter videos are more

effective. Research has suggested that shorter videos are more
engaging with the optimal time of videos within 6-9 minutes.
(Guo, 2013)
Limitations of Using Videos in Teaching

Select video material carefully considering the age, the

language level and the interests of students.

- Effective videos can be design with great informative

animations. Instructors need to pick the right education video.
Limitations of Using Videos in Teaching

Balance the use of video and less reliance on screens for

learning.

- Having mixture of materials in the classroom where kids share

electronics instead of spending all day with a device can limit
exposure to screen-based activities.
 Integration

Videos increase student

engagement, which in turn helps
boost achievement. If students are
interested in the material, they will
process and remember it better.
They offer the flexibility to pause,
rewind, or skip throughout the
video to have class discussions or
review particular areas.
 Integration
Videos create a more engaging
sensory experience than using
print materials alone. Learners
actually get to see and hear the
concept being taught, and they
can process it in the same way
they process their everyday
interactions.
10 ways to apply videos into your classroom.

1. Flip Classroom
2. Record Videos
3. Give a formative assessment
4. Make the students join
5. Design a dedicated library
10 ways to apply videos into your classroom.

6. Authentic assessments
7. Record the curriculum down
8. You don't have to repeat your self
9. Boost communication
10. Share a personalized feedback.
5 benefits of using video in class

1. Videos engage students of all ages and abilities.

2. Videos motivate with authentic content.
3. Videos provide context to help understanding.
4. Videos expose students to a variety of language and cultures.
5. Videos introduce culture and new ideas.
Selecting
Video
06
Selecting Useful Video should have:

1. Desirable linguistic material

2. High audio/visual correlation
3. Multiple "layers"
4. High production Values
Producing Video
 Producing Video

Video production is simply everything that goes into the ideation,

planning and execution of a video. Historically video production
involves three phases: Pre-production, Production and Post-
production

Video is the most engaging type of content people like to consume

these days, but creating good content takes more than simply
pressing the record button on your video camera or phone.
The process of creating a video should consist of 4 different steps: Pre-
Planning, Pre-Production, Production, and Post -Production.

1. Pre-Planning The first step in our production process is the Pre-

Planning, where we agree on the strategy and goals for the project. To
help understand the full brief, we usually ask some questions during this
stage:

What is the purpose of the video?

Who is the target audience?
What are the top 3-5 key messages to convey?
What Budget is available?
Is the video part of a specific campaign/ overall strategy
Where will the final video be hosted and how will it be distributed?

Which locations or footage should be featured?

Does it require a voice-over and/or Interviews?

Which Calls to Action (CTA’s) should be included?

Is on-screen animation or messaging required? And if so, please specify.

These answers will be important to achieve the planning, research and

problem-solving, in order to have an organised and successful video
project.
2. Pre-Production
During this phase, we meet with the client to clarify the budget, set
timelines for the production, identify if there is a need for a cast, a
voice-over (VO) or interviews, and discuss shoot locations and specific
ideas the client wishes to see included in the final video. Once agreed,
we start our pre-production stage that includes:

Site Visit (recce)

It’s a pre-filming visit to locations to give us a clear idea of the space we

will be filming in, allowing us to consider things like the access, the light,
reflections, and background noise (if interviewing on-site) for example.
Storyboard Creation

This is an important part of the pre-production process because it

enables you to visualise how your video will be shot, highlighting any
potential problems early on. It also helps to develop the shoot plan,
instructions for the director, videographer and crew, editing
instructions such as after-effects or specific graphics that will be
needed.
Shoot Plan

It’s important to create a shoot plan 2-3 days prior to the shooting day
to share with the client and all crew involved. This shoot plan will
include all the details of that day's shoot such as the location, time the
crew will arrive to set-up, length of the shoot, cast required,
interviewees & times, props or requirements from the client etc. This is
to ensure that the filming day runs smoothly and efficiently for all on
site.
Cast Talent

Next to consider is whether your video requires a cast or actors to play

out the scenes or help tell the story? Do you want to include colleagues
in this or hire professional actors? If the video requires a voice-over we
will discuss points to consider like the tone and personality you have in
mind, male or female voice preference, and plan who will write the
script.
Scripting

The script is the most important part of a voiceover-led or explainer

video, as it drives the overall flow and engages the audience from the
onset. At the initial planning stage, we will ask the client who the
audience are and what are the key messages they want to convey to
that audience. Having a clear script agreed and planned helps clients to
visualise the end product and when on paper you can see if anything is
missing, gather feedback from your team and discuss corrections ahead
of the shoot day.
Crew

Depending on the style of the video and the size of the production, we
will have the appropriate crew on site for the shoot day. Our team
includes:

Videographers
Director Assistant Producer (AP)
Audio Technician
Interviewer
Drone
Videographer/Photographer
3. Production Phase

Now that all the planning and pre-production are complete it’s time to
have some fun and bring the story to life! The production phase is
where we capture all of the footage and record interviews and voice-
overs for your video.
1. Filming /Shoot days

The filming day typically includes:

Setting up the video equipment
Setting up the Lighting (if required)
Choosing Interview locations (if happening on site)
Audio Technician to set up the audio equipment
Interviewer to chat with the interviewee to ensure they are made
comfortable
Filming the location (Internals/Externals/Cast in action)
Capturing b-roll (extra footage to support the overall story)
2. Interviews
Before the camera turns on, we always have a chat with the interviewee
to put them at ease and to get the conversation flowing in a natural way.
We want to make the interviewee feel as relaxed and comfortable as
possible. We recommend to the interviewee to be prepared before the
shoot day by making written notes and a clear idea of the points they
want to say to the camera, and sharing this with us ahead of the shoot.
This allows our interviewer to familiarise themselves and to have
prompts and questions prepared for the interview, ensuring the
interviewee does not sound too rehearsed or robotic, as we are looking
for natural, thoughtful answers. We always opt to organise the
interviews in a controlled setting, with a nice background and where we
can eliminate distractions, keeping the number the room to a minimum
and all phones, laptops and electronic devices turned to silent/off.
4. Post Production

With all elements recorded, now it's time to start the post-production
process, where the VM team will begin organising, selecting, planning
and editing the video content to create your bespoke video. We will
carefully review all the footage, listen to and transcribe the interviews,
select music in line with the style of the video and begin the process of
piecing it all together to bring the story to life.
The post-production phase typically includes:

Scene Selection
Syncing/Editing the
Interviews Record Voiceover (if required)
Creating Intro and Outros
After effects and animation of text/logos on-screen (if required)
Music selection
Producing the final story for review
We will send the first draft to the client to review and provide feedback.
It’s important to wait for when all amends are gathered and sent back in
one email to avoid additional edit fees. One round of edits is always
included in our fees.
Once the video is finalised and approved, we will render
and export the video to its final format and share it with
the client. Once approved we make it available or post
to pre-agreed channels for broadcasting.
Utilizing
Video
06
 Utilizing Video

One of the main benefits of using videos for learning

purposes is that they help the students understand
the subject matter better than text could. This is
because videos foster a personal connection that the
students are unlikely to find in any book regardless of
how well it is written.
 PURPOSES FOR USING VIDEO

Building background knowledge on a topic. We know that students learn

best when they take in information via multiple modalities—through
reading, drawing, listening to the teacher’s oral explanations, and
viewing visual media. We also know, from much research, that using
visuals is key for those acquiring a new language.
 PURPOSES FOR USING VIDEO

Enriching a text or text excerpt. Whether they’re reading a piece of

fiction or nonfiction, students benefit from contextualizing the person,
place, or thing they’re learning about. Video clips can assist them in
visualizing an event or a person, while setting the context historically,
politically, socially, and emotionally.
 PURPOSES FOR USING VIDEO
Deepening or solidifying students’ learning. Child-friendly how-to or
instructional videos are readily available on the internet. Typically
under seven minutes, these can serve to reinforce what students have
learned or are already learning. YouTube, TeacherTube, and BrainPop,
for example, provide brief instructional videos on different academic
topics and subjects, such as how to do short division or how to write a
letter. Watching a short instructional video created for kids is a nice
break for students—and something novel or fresh can really stick with
them.
TIPS FOR USING VIDEO

Be selective. Pause to ponder (and

write). Provide a mission. Turn on
closed captioning.
 6 ways to use video effectively in class

1. Keep videos short to keep students engaged.

2. Choose videos that focus on your learning aim.
3. Use videos to help dispel students’ misconceptions.
4. Allowing students to watch on individual screens can aid
learning.
5. Integrate learning activities into video-watching.
6. Use YouTube search functions to find the best content.
Require Learner
Participation
The Require Learner
Participation step requires
you to describe how you are
going to get each learner
actively and individually
involved in the lesson.
Students learn best when
they are actively involved in
the learning experience.
Evaluate and Revise
To evaluate a movie, video, or film clip you
should determine the following:
1. Purpose
2. Sponsor or Owner
3. Content
4. Coverage
5. Audio/Visual
6. Long-term availability
7. Date of Production/Revision
8. Usefulness 9. Authority/Author
10. Audience
In revising a video, here are the list of
video revising tools for teachers:

1. Wondershare Filmora
2. Windows Movie Maker
3. Blender
4. AVS Video Editor
5. Final Cut Pro
6. VirtualDub
7. Song Vegas Pro
BALMES

GIMENEZ

SARAGA

SUBEBE

TRECHO

VILLARAN