Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0

IoT-based Real-Time System for Tracking and

Monitoring the Health of Soldier
2023 Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS) | 979-8-3503-4664-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICEARS56392.2023.10085150

P.Sakthi1, T.Vishnuram2, N.Satheeshkumar3, S.B.Sathishkumar4

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering
Karur, India
1
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
4
[email protected],

Abstract— In this modern era, one of the most important The life of the soldier might be spared if any of the
aspects of enemy warfare is to significant factors in any nation following conditions are met: 1. Under conditions that are
security. The Army, Air Force, and Navy are the backbone of physiologically unstable, such as those brought on by an
national defense. S oldiers play a crucial role in these fields. excessive amount of gas 2. When there is a significant risk to
There has been a high rate of casualties and losses among
a person's life, such as when a service member has a heart
military members in any operation or mission carried out by
these organizations. We can't risk losing a soldier or having attack. 3. In the presence of factors that have the potential to
medics take too long to reach the wounded because of the bring about the onset of a disease that threatens one's life.
crucial role they play in maintaining national security. The best while in a crucial physiological state.
way to ensure the safety of these service members is to equip the
The GPS and the IoT be used to create a location and
control unit with Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring and
tracking technology that operates in real time. The soldier well-being signal system for military personnel (IoT)[1]. A
would wear the suggested gadget, which would monitor their network of real items, or "things," which are outfitted with
vitals and pinpoint their whereabouts using GPS . Checks the sensors, algorithms, and other innovations in order to interact
soldier's vitals, such as temperature and heart rate, and sends and exchange information with other equipment and systems
the data to the command centered over the Internet of Things through the internet is referred to as the "Internet of Things"
(IoT). The system also has supplementary features that allow (IoT). IoT protocols are methods of communication that
the soldier to manually request assistance or transmit a distress ensure the confidentiality of information transferred between
signal to the military. The wearable, physiological equipment, various IoT devices. LoRaWan (Long-Range Wide-Area
sensors, and transmission modules make up the suggested
Network). It is possible to carry on a discussion nonstop.
system. Implementing a low-cost technique to defend precious
human life on the battlefield is feasible with the suggested Because connectivity is everywhere, soldiers are never more
equipment. Beneficial for quickly ascertaining a soldier's health than a phone call away from their comrades. Less energy is
state and responding accordingly. Workers in harsh required, and the connection between the components must
environments might benefit from wearing a thermal jacket. be simplified as much as possible. Low-power ARM
processors and peripherals are employed throughout the
Keywords— Global Positioning System, LM35 (Linear module to minimise its overall power consumption. The
Monolithic35) sensor, Heartbeat sensor, battery, IoT (Internet of
peripherals have been shrunk and lightened so that they are
Things), Tilt Sensor.
easier to carry and more difficult to steal. Because to global
I. INTRODUCTION positioning systems, it is possible to ascertain the
whereabouts of a service member at any given moment,
The soldier's temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate
regardless of where on the planet they may be. In addition,
will all need to be tracked while doing this duty. It is possible
the vital indicators of our military troops are monitored by
to think of the prototype model for the soldier surveillance
the healthcare system in order to guarantee their safety. The
system that was produced using Arduino Uno and Node
BSN is outfitted with sensors that can detect gas,
MCU as a system for monitoring vital signs, body
temperature, and heart activity, and these sensors may be
temperature, gases, and other similar biological data. The
worn by troops so that their health can be monitored in real
prototype was developed using these two microcontrollers.
time. This article presents a way for establishing a network
Here, Arduino Uno is used to monitor vital indicators in
of linked devices that are capable of monitoring the health of
addition to the core temperature. The broadcast station has
troops in real time. The approach is proposed in the article.
the ability to receive the specific position of the soldier as
Machine learning is used throughout the training process of
well as his or her medical data in real time, which enables the
the BSNs. A Military Personnel health care monitoring
base station to take the necessary action. The position of the
system that is based on the IoT was created[2]. The GPS,
soldier is monitored using both the GPS and IoT technology,
temperature sensors, and heartbeat sensors are just some of
and a variety of health indicators, such as heart rate, gas
the gadgets that may be used in the army base station can
sensor readings, and body temperature, are also analysed.
monitor the health and location of its soldiers through this
The Node MCU is the central component of the project. The
system as well as their movements. The ZigBee network will
power supply is comprised of two ICs: the IC7805 for 5V
be used to facilitate the wireless dissemination of GPS and
and the IC7812 for 12V.

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0

sensor information among LoRaWAN network be used in II. PROBLEM FORMULATION AND
regions where the leader and the base station are at odds with STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE
one another and it is the absence of or the incapacity to
I. Here we provide a model for the nonstop monitoring of
transfer data over cellular networks. The data that has been
vital signs such a person's heart rate (BPM), temperature
gathered will be sent to a distant server, where it will be
(°C), blood pressure (mm Hg), and the electrocardiogram
processed by a K-means clustering approach before being
(ECG). The system collects data, which is then sent over the
used to make predictions. According to [3] for IoT-Based
Internet to the patient's smartphone application. This data is
Health Monitoring Using LoRaWAN reported in 2017 for
sent to the registered physicians' own computers and
IoT-Based Health Monitoring, collected biosensor data is
smartphone apps.
delivered to an examination module using low-cost, low-
power, and secure communication utilising a LoRaWAN II. With the use of a Decision Tree Algorithm, Our Approach
network architecture. In regions where there is either very
limited or no mobile phone coverage, measurements such as  A constant stream of sensor readings is uploaded to
pulse, temperature, and blood sugar levels have been taken, a server.
but the data have been difficult to disseminate
[4].LoRaWAN networks average 33 km.  Since there is frequent uploading, the data is
eventually overwritten and must be re-uploaded.
This monitoring module uses ten times less energy than
 The microcontroller equivalences the device reading
GPRS/3G/4G when the LoRaWAN gateway is positioned
to a set of limits.
outside at 12 metres and a health monitoring system that
delivers soldier health metrics including temperature, pulse  The sensor results are used to calculate the
rate, blood oxygen level, and ECG to the control centre via likelihood that the soldier is in good health. There is
nRF24L01 through a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) a thorough examination and reassessment of this.
using an efficient routing protocol. Comparing OMNET++-
simulated MANET protocols identifies the most efficient.  Repeated analysis until the same conclusion is
Military personnel have access to important information and reached.
regulated resources on the battlefield [5]. Bio-sensors affixed  Threshold-based data classification from sensors.
to the troops bodies detect bodily characteristics and send
data by way of mobile nodes along the route, the information  To determine whether the soldier need immediate
is sent to the control center. The Indian Army's Kelvar notification or assistance.
bulletproof vest doesn't provide full surveillance. Thus, we  If the soldier's heart rate or temperature is outside of
need a soldier-monitoring equipment. This article
a predetermined range, the choice is made to
recommends a Multi-level function Framework for soldiers'
dispatch medical aid or provide the location of
vests. This knob includes physiology, emotions, weariness,
nearby medical facilities.
surroundings, and places [6].They created a GPS-enabled
gadget that troops may wear to track their health and
whereabouts. The live track application sends this data to the
control room.
The system uses wearable physiological devices, sensors,
and transmitting modules. Soldiers need a cheap, reliable
sensor-based lifeguard [7]. They designed a gadget that may
be worn by troops and GPS tracking of their health and
location. According to live track program, the control room
will get this data. Wearable physiological devices, sensors,
and transmitting modules make up the current system.
Soldiers need a low-cost, high-reliability basic lifeguard
employing these sensors.Wireless Body Area Networks
(WBAN) and the Low Power Wide Area Networks
(LPWAN) for health monitoring and crisis user geolocation.
Real-time IoT machinery activation and crisis alert activation
using LPWAN systems and wireless devices are further uses
[8-15].

Fig. 1: General wedge diagram of IoT based soldier monitoring

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0

Fig. 2: Work implementation process proposed system

III. PROTOTYPE DESIGN AND the Arduino Due, which are non-AVR They introduced
IMPLEMENTATION SAM Core and the board Manager in fig.3.
When touched, heartbeat sensors display heat beat To translate an Arduino C/C++ source file into the
digitally. In fig.2, the heartbeat detector lights the beat LED machine language of the target MCU, the Board Manager and
with each heartbeat. The microcontroller may measure BPM Arduino IDE require a "core". The GitHub ESP8266 Core
using this digital output. Each pulse modulates light. The website offers a creative ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC core for the
LM35 integrated circuit sensor measured and in Fig.3 shows Arduino platform. Table.1 represents the sensed values of the
an electrical output proportional to the temperature (in oC). sensors.
Amplification might not be necessary since the LM35 outputs
It is composed of two different units, which are referred
a higher voltage than thermocouples. GPS receivers compute
to as the "Server unit" and the "Solider unit." The IoT is a
their location by accurately timing GPS satellite
kind of wireless technology that our project leverages for its
transmissions far above Earth. The sensor is chosen with a
connectivity. We are making use of a programmable
minimum input voltage of 35V and a maximum input voltage
integrated circuit (PIC16F877A) to automate the procedures.
of -2V. With an accuracy of 0.5°C, we can measure
This integrated circuit has a RAM memory of 368 bytes and a
temperatures between -55°C and 150°C. The voltage level is
ROM memory of 8 kilobytes of the Flash kind. Connected to
linearly related (linear) to temperature, rising by 10mV
GPS, the "Soldier Unit," also known as the "moving unit,"
(0.01V) for every 1°C increase. so, we can select the LM35
relays the real position of the soldier relative to the
Sensor.
battlefields to the "client unit," also known as the "Internet of
Each satellite sends communications with the time, Things" module. The position may be ascertained once the
accurate in addition to orbital information (the ephemeris), receiver of the client unit has picked up the signal. Sensors
the almanac contains approximate orbits of all GPS satellites. such as the distinguishing component 1, tilt and cardiac
The receiver calculates satellite distances and the transit sensors are linked to the soldier’s unit. A ball mechanism that
times from signals it receives. Arduino needs to upgrade the moves two pins from on or off is what makes up a tilt sensor.
Arduino IDE to support several tool chains for Arduino The sensor is turned on or off when an item causes it to tilt at
C/C++ compilation to such as the ARM/SAM MCU used in a particular

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0

Fig.3: Prototype model of Proposed system

from the threshold values, a warning message or email is sent

degree. Mercury switches have been replaced by tilt sensors
to the precise location of the Soldier is transmitted to the base
as the more secure and environmentally friendly alternative.
station. The aforementioned procedure might produce the
The linear output range, measured in degrees and needed by
results listed below. It has the capacity to fold and process the
the original purpose, is determined by the tilt sens or angle
essential bodily metrics and location data from the body of
range. The tilt's direction is determined by the tilt device's
the soldier.
axis number. Thus, we choose for the tilt sensor.
When the outside temperature rises beyond the pre-set
These sensors allow unit to identify whether or not a
threshold of 30 degrees, the cooler will turn on. The heater
fighter is still alive. In addition, the second thermostat is
will switch on when the temperature drops below the upper
fastened to the military unit in order to monitor the
bound and is less than or equal to 22 degrees. The system
surrounding environment and transmit information. The use
sends an
of GPS allows for the exact position of the soldier to be
determined. It is possible to ascertain the Soldier's position by email or text message to the ground station containing the
using a GPS modem. soldier's position when the pulse rate is out of the ordinary,
The satellite signal is received by the GPS, which then either higher or lower. If the tilt value is more than or equal
calculates the longitude and latitude of the direction in which to 700 once it has passed the cut-off value, The system will
the soldiers are moving and sends that information to the send an email or message to the base station containing the
controller in the arrangement of successive data. An open- soldier’s details.
source microcontroller board known as the Arduino UNO A crucial function of the control room is to direct a lost
was established by Arduino. This board is based on the soldiers toward safety to the battlefield. This method makes
Microchip AT mega 328P CPU. The temperature, the pulse advantage of IOT so that the central server may access the
rate, and the tilt are all monitored by the Arduino Board. In soldier's current status as it is shown on the computer.
the event that the user's heart frequency is more than or less T ABLE 1. PARAMET ERS AND IT S SENSED VALUES
than the defined threshold, Arduino will sound the buzzer.
If the current temperature is developed or lower than the Parameters Sensed Values
predetermined threshold, the heater or the cooler will The first step Only a few minutes
automatically turn on. The Node MCU may receive later
transmissions of location data, heart rate data, temperature
data, and tilt detection data from the Transceiver. When there
is access to Wi-Fi. Heart beat /minute 0 65

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS T empe 1 25 25

The outcome is displayed in Fig. 3. The intended T emp-2 24 24

receiver receives a notification or email verifying the GPS
location. When the Soldier's normal bodily strictures deviate T ilt 0 1

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0

Fig. 4: Hardware results of T emperature, Heart Beat and latitude Fig 6: Hardware results of T emperature, Heart Beat and T ilt sensor
values values

Fig. 5: Simulation results of Temperature, Heart Beat and latitude values Fig. 7: Simulation results of T emperature, Heart Beat and T ilt sensor
values

V. CONCLUSION
In existing method, they can measure the soldier’s body
temperature and live location. The existing method they
also sensing those parameters and they kept as data. But in
the proposed system, body temperature, outer environment
temperature, position of the soldier and live location of the
soldier can be transferred to cayenne application and we
can show the live transmission. Even the outer
temperature can fix the Peltier crystal, which will react as
opposite to the outer temperature with sudden reactions
and the website shows when the sensing data will become
abnormal and shows emergency as 1. Whenever the
sensed data became abnormal, then it will become
abnormal as emergency as 1 in the cayenne website. Then
it stores entire data in cloud storage and it will generate as
a graph. These are the comparative analysis of the
proposed model and existing techniques. Security and
safety for troops are provided via GPS and track the live

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS-2023).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AV8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-4664-0

location of the soldier anywhere in the world and a health soldiers, who are engaged in combat on the battlefield. A
system that keeps track of the soldier's key health real-time computer display of the soldier's position on the
indicators. The Possibility of Continuous Communication battlefield is also provided for baseband. Any system may
Using an IoT module, soldiers may connect with their always be improved since research and development are
squad members from any location whenever necessary . ongoing process. In the future, the continuous auditing
Utilizing a PIC Microcontroller and peripherals with might be made: For increased security, the IC HM2007
minimal power requirements lowers the system's overall Soldier Voice Recognition System may be utilised to
power consumption. identify voice samples from soldiers. The system can be
equipped with a camera to give the control room a real-
The utilised modules are portable because of their
time picture of the battlefield.
compact size and light weight. Therefore, the concept of a
tracking and navigation system is quite beneficial for

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