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String in Java

In Java, a String is a class representing a sequence of characters, essential for text manipulation and operations. Strings can be created using string literals, which utilize memory efficiently through interning, or the new keyword, which always creates a new object in heap memory. The String class offers various methods for length, concatenation, substring extraction, case conversion, searching, and comparison.

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16 views3 pages

String in Java

In Java, a String is a class representing a sequence of characters, essential for text manipulation and operations. Strings can be created using string literals, which utilize memory efficiently through interning, or the new keyword, which always creates a new object in heap memory. The String class offers various methods for length, concatenation, substring extraction, case conversion, searching, and comparison.

Uploaded by

Arun Vastrad
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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String in Java

 In Java, a String is a class that represents a sequence of characters.


 It is widely used for text manipulation, storing textual data, and performing various
string-related operations.
 Java's String class is a part of the core Java API and provides a rich set of methods
for working with strings.

Here are some key aspects of working with strings in Java:

Creating Strings: Strings in Java can be created in multiple ways:


String str1 = "Hello, world!"; // Using string literal
String str2 = new String("Hello"); // Using the new keyword

In Java, you can create a string object using either string literals or the new keyword. While
both methods create String objects, there are some important differences between them:

1. String Literals:

 When you create a string using a string literal (enclosed in double quotes), Java checks
the string pool to see if an identical string already exists. If it does, the existing reference
is returned; otherwise, a new String object is created in the pool. This is known as
"string interning."

String str1 = "Hello"; // Created in the string pool


String str2 = "Hello"; // Reuses the same object from the string pool

 Since string literals are automatically interned, they save memory and can improve
performance when comparing strings.

1. Using the new Keyword:

 When you create a String using the new keyword, a new String object is always created
in the heap memory, regardless of whether the string content is the same as an existing
string.

String str1 = new String("Hello"); // Always creates a new object in the heap
String str2 = new String("Hello"); // Always creates another new object in
the heap
 Using the new keyword is less memory-efficient compared to using string literals, as it
creates separate objects even if the content is the same.

Methods of the String class in Java:

1. Length and Character Access:

1. String str = "Hello, Java!";

int length = str.length();

char firstChar = str.charAt(0);


char lastChar = str.charAt(length - 1);

2. Concatenation and Joining:


String firstName = "John";
String lastName = "Doe";

String fullName = firstName.concat(" ").concat(lastName); // "John Doe"

String joined = String.join(", ", "Apple", "Banana", "Orange"); // "Apple,


Banana, Orange"

3. Substring and Trimming:

String sentence = "Java is fun and powerful!";


String substring = sentence.substring(8); // "fun and powerful!"
String part = sentence.substring(0, 4); // "Java"

String withWhitespace = " Hello, Java! ";


String trimmed = withWhitespace.trim(); // "Hello, Java!"

4. Case Conversion:
String original = "Java Programming";
String lowerCase = original.toLowerCase(); // "java programming"
String upperCase = original.toUpperCase(); // "JAVA PROGRAMMING"

5. Searching and Replacing:


String text = "Java is great, Java is powerful!";
int firstIndex = text.indexOf("Java"); // 0
int lastIndex = text.lastIndexOf("Java"); // 13
boolean containsPowerful = text.contains("powerful"); // true

String replaced = text.replace("Java", "Python"); // "Python is great,


Python is powerful!"

6. Equality and Comparison:


String str1 = "apple";
String str2 = "banana";

boolean isEqual = str1.equals(str2); // false


boolean isEqualIgnoreCase = str1.equalsIgnoreCase("Apple"); // true

int comparison = str1.compareTo(str2); // Negative value


int comparisonIgnoreCase = str1.compareToIgnoreCase("Banana"); // Negative
value

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