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 version 2
covers
As you read this book, let your imagination run wild.
c
What will you create with Scratch? ve ov
rs er
– from the foreword by professor mitchel resnick, creator of scratch io s

super

SUPER SCRATCH PROGRAMMING ADVENTURE!

n
2

SC R ATC H
Comics! games! Programming!
VENTURE !
AD
Scratch is the wildly popular ­educational This full-color comic book makes pro-
PROGR AMMING
programming language used by ­millions gramming concepts like variables, flow
of first-time learners in classrooms and control, and subroutines effortless to
homes worldwide. By dragging ­together absorb. Packed with ideas for games
colorful blocks of code, kids can learn that kids will be proud to show off,
computer programming concepts and Super Scratch Programming Adventure!
make cool games and animations. The is the perfect first step for the budding
latest version, Scratch 2, brings the lan­ programmer.
guage right into your web browser, with
About the Author
no need to download software.
The Learning through Engineering,
In Super Scratch Programming Adventure!, Art, and Design (LEAD) Project is an
kids learn programming fundamentals educational initiative established to
as they make their very own playable encourage the development of creative Learn to
video games. They’ll create projects thinking through the use of technology. Program
g
by Makin
inspired by classic arcade games that Created by the Hong Kong Federation of
can be programmed (and played!) in an Youth Groups in collaboration with the
Cool
Games !
afternoon. Patient, step-by-step expla- MIT Media Lab, the LEAD Project pro-
nations of the code and fun program- motes hands-on, design-based activities
ming challenges will have kids creating to foster innovation, problem-solving
their own games in no time. skills, and technical literacy.

For ages 8 and up

PRICE: $24.95 Shelve In: Computers/Programming Languages

T H E F I N E ST I N G E E K E N T E RTA I N M E N T ™
w w w.nostarch.com
The Project
 Praise for
Super Scratch
Programming Adventure!

“Reveals the power of this deceptively simple programming language . . .

A fun way to learn how to program Scratch, even for adults.”
—Mark Frauenfelder, Boing Boing

“A great introduction to game design. Kids will start building games

from the first page.”
—Liz Upton, The Raspberry Pi Project

“If you think you might have a future programmer on your hands,
it’s time to introduce your kid to Scratch. . . . Super Scratch Pro­
gramming Adventure! makes it even easier to get started.”
—Ruth Suehle, GeekMom

“If you have a kid who plays around with a computer and can read
even a little, get this.”
—Greg Laden, National Geographic’s ScienceBlogs

“An enjoyable and highly accessible introduction to this technology

and the power of computing.”
—Patrice Gans, Education Week’s BookMarks

“If you’ve got a child or maybe even a classroom of students who are
wanting to make their own games, Scratch is a great option. . . . For
structured training that is also entertaining, Super Scratch Pro­gram­
ming Adventure! will make a great textbook.”
—James Floyd Kelly, GeekDad

“Walks readers through a series of extremely well-designed game-design

projects, each of which introduces a new concept or two to young pro-
grammers, providing a gentle learning curve for mastering Scratch’s
many powerful features.”
—Cory Doctorow, Boing Boing

“If you’re looking for a way to get your kid interested in programming,
and Scratch in particular, I can’t recommend this Scratch book enough.”
—Chris O’Brien, San Jose Mercury News’ SiliconBeat
S u pe r

S c r at
atc h
dv e n tu r e!
i ng A m
Pr o g r a m

Learn to
by
Pr o g r a m
ool
Making C
Gam es!

The Project
Super Scratch Programming Adventure! Copyright © 2014 by the LEAD Project.
This edition has been updated to cover Scratch 2.

Super Scratch Programming Adventure! is a translation of the original Traditional Chinese–

language edition, Easy LEAD 創意程式設計 Scratch 遊俠傳 (Easy LEAD: The Scratch
Musketeers), ISBN 978-988-18408-2-0, published by the Hong Kong Federation of Youth
Groups, © 2010 by the Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups.

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information
storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and
the publisher.

Printed in USA
First printing

17 16 15 14 13   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

ISBN-10: 1-59327-531-5
ISBN-13: 978-1-59327-531-0

Publisher: William Pollock

Adviser: Dr. Rosanna Wong Yick-ming, DBE, JP
Editorial Team: Yolanda Chiu, Alice Lui, Edmond Kim Ping Hui
Contributors: Edmond Kim Ping Hui (Book Contents); Man Chun Chow, Chun Hei Tse,
Vincent Wong (Assistance & Photography)
Interior Design: LOL Design Ltd.
Production Editor: Serena Yang
Cover Design: Tina Salameh
Developmental Editor: Tyler Ortman
Technical Reviewer: Michael Smith-Welch
Compositors: Laurel Chun and Riley Hoffman
Proofreader: Alison Law

For information on distribution, translations, or bulk sales,

please contact No Starch Press, Inc. directly:
No Starch Press, Inc.
245 8th Street, San Francisco, CA 94103
phone: 415.863.9900; fax: 415.863.9950; [email protected]; http://www.nostarch.com/

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record of the first edition of this book is available from the Library of Congress.

No Starch Press and the No Starch Press logo are registered trademarks of No Starch
Press, Inc. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of
their respective owners. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a
trademarked name, we are using the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of
the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.

The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every
precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author nor No Starch
Press, Inc. shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage
caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it.

All characters in this publication are fictitious, and any resemblance to real persons, living or
dead, is purely coincidental.
Contents

Foreword by Professor Mitchel Resnick 8

A Note of Thanks from

Dr. Rosanna Wong Yick-ming 9

A Note for Parents and Educators 10

Meet the Cast 18

Stage 1: Riding a Flare from the Sun 19

Let’s get to know Scratch! We’ll also learn about sprites
and coordinates.

Stage 2: Entering Space 31

This is where you’ll make your the first game. You’ll also
learn how to create new costumes and program a sprite’s
movements, reactions, and sound effects.

Stage 3: Trapped by Mona Lisa’s Smile 51

While writing this two-part game, you’ll learn how to
control the flow of a Scratch project. You’ll see how to
keep score using variables and control the order of the
game using broadcasts.

Stage 4: Defend Hong Kong’s Technocore 61

You’ll learn to control sprites with the mouse, program
objects to bounce back, and more.

Stage 5: Penalty Kick in Ipanema 71

You’ll program a soccer game with a targeting system,
several related rules, interactive sound effects, and a
vivid, animated background!
Stage 6: Scratchy’s Wild Ride 85
You’ll learn how to create a side-scrolling racing game,
program complex movements for sprites, and make the
game’s background change over time.

Stage 7: The Lost Treasures of Giza 105

In this Egyptian adventure, you’ll create an interactive
maze with a guard, booby traps, and treasure!

Stage 8: Wizard’s Race! 119

When you make this simple button-mashing game, you’ll
also learn how to play music with Scratch and create an
animated background.

Stage 9: The Final Fight...in Dark space 131

You’ll need to use all the knowledge you’ve gained while
making this exciting fighting game. You’ll create two
characters with unique fight moves, custom health
counters, and more.

Stage 10: Epilogue 151

Closing Thoughts from

Edmond Kim Ping Hui 155

Online Resources 156

Foreword
Scratch is more than a piece of software. It
is part of a broader educational mission. We
designed Scratch to help young people prepare
for life in today’s fast-changing society. As young
people create Scratch projects, they are not just
learning how to write computer programs. They
are learning to think creatively, reason system-
atically, and work collaboratively—essential
skills for success and happiness in today’s world.
It has been exciting to see all of the creative ways that young
people are using Scratch. On the Scratch website (http://scratch
.mit.edu/), young people from around the world are sharing a wide
variety of creative projects: animated stories, adventure games,
interactive tutorials, guided tours, science experiments, online
newsletters, and much more. Scratch is a digital sandbox where
young people can express themselves creatively—and, in the process,
develop as creative thinkers.
Super Scratch Programming Adventure! will help introduce
more young people to the creative possibilities of Scratch. The book
grows out of one of the world’s most innovative and productive Scratch
initiatives, organized by the Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups.
I’m delighted that their ideas and activities are now available to
teachers, parents, and children around the world.
As you read this book, let your imagination run wild. What will
you create with Scratch?
Enjoy the adventure!

Professor Mitchel Resnick

Director, MIT Scratch Team
MIT Media Lab
A Note of Thanks
The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups
created the Learning through Engineering,
Art and Design (LEAD) Project in 2005 in
collaboration with the MIT Media Lab and the
Chinese University of Hong Kong. The LEAD
Project promotes hands-on, design-based activities
with the creative use of technology and aims to
develop an innovative spirit among the youth of
Hong Kong. Since its founding, it has promoted
technology education on a grand scale, reaching
more than 1,000,000 students, parents, and
educators.
Super Scratch Programming Adventure! is our second of three
books about Scratch and the first to be translated into English.
This book highlights the playful spirit of learning to program with
Scratch, which inspires young people to apply digital technologies in
imaginative and innovative ways.
We are very grateful to the MIT Media Lab, which has been our
partner since LEAD was established in 2005. We are particularly
appreciative of Professor Mitchel Resnick and Mr. Michael Smith-
Welch, who have always been LEAD’s staunchest supporters and
greatest cheerleaders. Because of their unwavering belief in Scratch
and in LEAD, you are now able to read this English edition.
We hope this book inspires you to design your very own games,
projects, and more with Scratch.

Dr. Rosanna Wong Yick-ming, DBE, JP

Executive Director
The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups
 Pa r ents
fo r ato r s
N ote d u c
A E
and

Scratch opens up an exciting world of computer programming

for kids and other beginning programmers. To follow along with
this book and use Scratch 2.0, you’ll need:
• A computer with a recent Web browser (Chrome 7 or later,
Firefox 4 or later, or Internet Explorer 7 or later) with Adobe
Flash Player version 10.2 or later installed
• A display that’s 1024 × 768 or larger
• A reliable Internet connection
• A microphone and speakers (or headphones) to record and
listen to music
Once you have a browser and Adobe Flash Player installed,
just point your browser at http://scratch.mit.edu/. You can create
a new Scratch project without logging in by clicking the Create
button. You’ll want to eventually Join Scratch to create your
own account and save your projects (see how in “Join the Com-
munity!” on page 15).
You should download the projects used in this book from
http://nostarch.com/scratch/. This online resource includes
complete working projects, custom sprites, and a short Getting
Started with Scratch guide produced by the Scratch team.

10
N ote The Resources file includes two versions of each game
in the book. One version is a completely finished and
playable game, perfect for young learners and anyone
who wants to build on the games in the book. The
second set of projects has no programming added, so
that students can follow along with the programming
instructions in this book. Remember, there’s no wrong
way to play with Scratch!

But What Is Scratch, Anyway?

Scratch is a graphical programming
language that you can use for free.
By simply dragging and dropping
colored blocks, you can create interac-
tive stories, games, animation, music,
art, and presentations. You can even
upload your creations to the Internet
to share them with Scratch program-
mers from around the world. Scratch
is designed for play, self-directed
learning, and design.

Where Did the Name Scratch

Come From?
Scratch is named for the way that hip-hop disc jockeys (DJs)
creatively combine pieces of music, using a technique called
scratching. In the same way, Scratch programmers join different
media (images, photos, sound effects, and so on) in exciting ways
to create something entirely new.

11
Who Created Scratch?
Scratch is a project funded by the US National Science Founda-
tion (NSF). It was developed by the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) Media Lab’s Lifelong Kindergarten Group.

Who Is Scratch For?

Scratch was developed for young people aged 8 and up to help
them develop creative learning skills for the 21st century. When
kids create programs, they learn important mathematical and
computer concepts that improve their creative thinking, logical
reasoning, problem solving, and collaboration skills.

This creative thinking spiral is from Professor Resnick’s article,

“Sowing the Seeds of a More Creative Society,” published in ISTE
(International Society for Technology in Education).

12
 Designing Scratch projects challenges kids to think cre-
atively, and learning how to overcome obstacles and solve
problems builds confidence. This gives learners an advantage
later in life.

Is It Easy to Use Scratch?

Scratch was designed to prevent the common beginner pitfalls
in traditional programming languages, like misspelling and
errors in consistency. Instead of typing commands, programming
in Scratch is performed by dragging and joining programming
blocks. This graphical interface allows users to easily control the
way in which different types of commands react to each other.
Additionally, each block can fit with another only if it makes
computational sense. Colorized categories help organize and
group different sets of related commands based on their particu-
lar functions.
Since programs in Scratch run in real time, they can be
edited and tested at any given moment, even while the program
is running. This allows users to easily experiment with new
ideas or to repeatedly test their improvements!

How Many Languages Does

Scratch Support?
Scratch can be used in 50 different languages. Choose your
language from the pull-down menu at the bottom of the Scratch
website.

Where Can You Use Scratch?

You can use Scratch at schools, libraries, community centers,
and home. Even though Scratch is designed for young people
aged 8 and up, younger children can also learn to design and
create alongside their parents or siblings.

13
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