Scribd
Upload
7 views4 pages

Lab08 Fall 12

This lab focuses on Frequency Modulation (FM) and Demodulation, divided into two parts: designing an FM modulator and demodulating an FM signal. It covers the principles of angle modulation, including phase and frequency modulation, and the implementation of an FIR differentiator for demodulation. Students will write MATLAB code for both modulation and demodulation processes and verify the functionality through practical implementation.

Uploaded by

azer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views4 pages

Lab08 Fall 12

This lab focuses on Frequency Modulation (FM) and Demodulation, divided into two parts: designing an FM modulator and demodulating an FM signal. It covers the principles of angle modulation, including phase and frequency modulation, and the implementation of an FIR differentiator for demodulation. Students will write MATLAB code for both modulation and demodulation processes and verify the functionality through practical implementation.

Uploaded by

azer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Lab 8

Frequency Modulation and Demodulation

October 15, 2012

This lab is divided into two parts. In Part I you will learn how to design an FM modulator and in Part II you will be able
to demodulate an FM signal. In the process you will also design an FIR differentiator.

1 Introduction
In angle modulation, the amplitude of the signal is held constant and the phase is being varied with the message. An angle
modulated signal is of the form:

xc (t) = Ac cos(Ωc t + φ(t)) (1)


The instantaneous phase of xc (t) is given by

θi (t) = Ωc t + φ(t) (2)


and the instantaneous frequency is given by

dθi (t) dφ(t)


Ωi (t) = = Ωc + (3)
dt dt
Using this approach, if the message is proportional to φ(t), which is the phase deviation, then we have phase modulation.
If the message is proportional to dφ(t)
dt , which is the frequency deviation, then we have frequency modulation.

In order to have phase modulation,


φ(t) = kp m(t), (4)
where kp is known as the deviation constant.

For frequency modulation,

dφ(t)
= kf m(t), (5)
dt
where kf is known as the frequency deviation constant. Consequently, an FM modulated signal is of the form
 Z 
xc (t) = Ac cos Ωc t + kf m(α)dα (6)
t
An FM signal is shown in Figure 1

1
EE 451 EE Dept., New Mexico Tech Fall 2012

FM
1.5
transmitted signal
message

0.5
amplitude

−0.5

−1

−1.5
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01
time(second)

Figure 1: Frequency Modulation

1.1 FM Demodulation
There are several ways to demodulate an FM signal. In this lab you will use a differentiator followed by an AM detector to
demodulate and FM signal as shown in Figure 2

FM signal Message
Differentiator AM Detector
Figure 2: Frequency discriminator

2
EE 451 EE Dept., New Mexico Tech Fall 2012

1.4

1.2

1
Magnitude

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
ω

Figure 3: Magnitude response of FIR equiripple differentiatior for ω = 0 to 0.4π


In order to implement the above the frequency discriminator, we need to design a differentiator. One way to implement
a differentiator is using an optimal equiripple linear-phase FIR filter. This filter is optimal because the weighted approxima-
tion error between the desired frequency response and the actual frequency response is spread evenly across the passband
and evenly across the stopband. This results in minimizing the maximum error. Remez algorithm may be used to generate
this filter. Below are samples of the output generated using the firpm function.

2 Lab Part I: FM Modulation


1. Write new code to generate an FM signal
2. Use 100 Hz for your message and 500 Hz for the carrier frequency
3. Observe the output of the codec as you vary the frequency of the message

3 Lab Part II: FM Demodulation


1. Show that the system in Figure 2 will extract the message from an FM signal

3
EE 451 EE Dept., New Mexico Tech Fall 2012

2. What is the desired frequency response of an ideal digital differentiator?


3. Write a MATLAB code to generate your FIR differentiator using the firpm function.
4. Design the IIR filter needed for the AM detector.
5. Start a new project.
6. Implement an FM demodulator.
7. Run your FM modulator code on one board.
8. Connect your first board with the FM modulator with the second that has the FM demodulator.
9. Run your FM demodulator code and verify that it works.

You might also like