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Unit 2A Study Guide

This study guide covers essential concepts related to cell structure and transport, including vocabulary, cell theory, and comparisons between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It outlines key functions of organelles, microscopy techniques, and the endosymbiotic theory. Practice questions are provided to reinforce understanding of the material.

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Samuel Harwood
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13 views3 pages

Unit 2A Study Guide

This study guide covers essential concepts related to cell structure and transport, including vocabulary, cell theory, and comparisons between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It outlines key functions of organelles, microscopy techniques, and the endosymbiotic theory. Practice questions are provided to reinforce understanding of the material.

Uploaded by

Samuel Harwood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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**THIS IS NOT EVERYTHING YOU SHOULD STUDY!

IT IS A GUIDE TO HELP LEAD YOU


TO THE MAJOR IDEAS**

Cell Structure and Transport Study Guide

Vocabulary:
●​ Surface area-to-volume ●​ autophagy ●​ centrosome
ratio ●​ phagocytosis ●​ chloroplast
●​ light microscope ●​ Golgi apparatus ●​ flagella
●​ electron microscope ●​ cytoskeleton ●​ cilia
●​ Prokaryotic cell ●​ phospholipid bilayer ●​ endomembrane system
●​ Eukaryotic cell ●​ nucleus ●​ Endosymbiotic Theory
●​ organelles ●​ mitochondria ●​ ATP
●​ plasma membrane ●​ vacuole ●​ cristae
●​ cell wall ●​ rough endoplasmic ●​ matrix
●​ cytoplasm reticulum ●​ thylakoid
●​ ribosome ●​ smooth endoplasmic ●​ stroma
●​ plasmid reticulum
●​ vesicle ●​ lysosome
●​ apoptosis ●​ peroxisome

Be able to:

●​ Explain the Cell Theory.


●​ Explain why cells are small.
●​ Compare/Contrast prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic cells
●​ Compare/contrast light microscope vs electron microscope
●​ Describe why prokaryotes are said to not have membrane organelles even though they
have ribosomes.
●​ Explain the advantage of eukaryotes having organelles.
●​ List three important jobs of a cell.
●​ Compare/contrast three types of vacuoles
●​ Describe the function of all cell organelles discussed in class.
●​ Describe the organelles and the order of the endomembrane system.
●​ Compare/Contrast animal vs plant cells.
●​ Predict the type of cell based on the type/number of organelles present/absent.
●​ Explain the Endosymbiotic Theory and what organelles it relates to.

Practice Questions:

1.​ Identify each of the following scientists’ contribution to cell theory:


a.​ Hooke c.​ Virchow
b.​ Schleiden d.​ Schwann

2.​ List the 3 parts of cell theory. all living things are made of cells, cells are the smallest unit
of life and all cells come from preexisting cells
3.​ Why do most cells remain small? it make a small surface area to volume ratio
4.​ For each scenario, list whether it would be best to use a scanning electron microscope,
transmission electron microscope or a compound light microscope.
a.​ You want to look at living organisms from pond water while they are still alive.
compound light microscope
b.​ You want to see the small details of the mitochondria in a cell. electron
microscope
c.​ You want to see the details of the surface of a bacterial cell. electron microscope
5.​ Give an example of prokaryotic cells. bacteria
6.​ Give 2 examples of eukaryotic cells. plant and animals cells
7.​ Identify the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. prokaryotic cells are
unicellular well eukaryotic cells are multicellular
8.​ What features do all cells share (prokaryotes and eukaryotes).cell membrane, cytoplasm,
ribosomes, and DNA
9.​ Describe the endosymbiotic hypothesis and cite 4 pieces of evidence that support it.
that all cells used to be prokaryotic cells and bigger cells engulfed smaller cells which
was the start of modern day eukaryotic cells
10.​What type of cell would you expect to have a lot of mitochondria? muscle cells
11.​What type of cell would you expect to have a lot of rough endoplasmic reticulum? liver
12.​What type of cell would you expect to have a lot of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
brain
13.​What type of cell would you expect to have a lot of Golgi bodies? liver
14.​Complete the following table by filling in each organelle’s function and putting check
marks showing which organelles are in plant and animal cells or in both

Organelle Function Prokaryote/ Special


Plant/ Information
Animal

Nucleus holding genetic information plant/anima


l

Nucleolus making ribosomes plant animal

Rough ER transporting proteins plant animal

Smooth ER lipids synthesis plant animal

Ribosomes protein synthesis plant animal

Vesicles giving nutrients safe travel though the cell plant animal

Golgi Apparatus packing protein before they leave the cell plant animal

Food Vacuole storage of food plant animal

Central Vacuole storage of water, food and salt plant

Lysosomes keeping the cell heathy plant animal

Peroxisomes

Cytoskeleton cell structure plant animal


Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Centrosome

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