Signals and Systems Test 4

Number of Questions: 25 Time: 60 min.

Directions for questions 1 to 25: Select the correct alterna- (A) |a| > 1
tive from the given choices. (B) |b| < 1
(C) |a| |b| < 1
1. A system is formed by cascading two impulse responses
(D) For all values of a and b system is stable
h1(t) and h2(t) given as
h1(t) = e–3t u(t) 6. A discrete sequence is given as
h2(t) = 2e–5t u(t) x[n] = {–3, –3, –2, 2}
The overall system impulse response h(t) and overall     ↑
system is ___________ the auto-correlation rZZ[n] is –
(A) (e–3t + e–5t) u(t) and BIBO stable (A) {–6, 0, 11, 26, 11, 0, –6}
(B) (e–3t – 2e–5t) u(t) and BIBO stable     ↑
(C) [e–3t – e–5t) u(t) and BIBO stable (B) {–6, 0, 11, 26, 11, 0, –6}
(D) 2[e–3t – e–5t) u(t) and BIBO unstable      ↑
(C) {–6, –1, 0, 22, 11, 0, –6}
2. Two signals      ↑
x1[n] = {1, 2, 5} (D) {–3, –3, –2, 2, 2, –2, –3, –3}
x2[n] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}      ↑
Convolution y[n] = x1[n] ⊗ x2[n] is
7. The impulse response of a system is given by –
(A) {1, 3, 8, 8, 8, 7, 5} (B) {1, 2, 5} n n
(C) {1, 3, 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 5} (D) None of the above  −1  −1
h[n] = 5   u [ n] − 3   u [ n]
 3  4
3. The convolution (x[n] + 5 d[n – 5]) ⊗ d [n – 5] can be
simplified to – For this system two statements are
(A) x[n – 5] + 5d [n – 5] (B) x[n] + 5d [n – 5] (1) System is causal and stable
(C) x[n – 5] + 5d [n – 10] (D) x[n – 5] (2) Inverse system is causal and stable
(A) 1 is true (B) 2 is true
4. Which of the following system with impulse response
(C) Both are true (D) Both are false
h[n] is memory less?
h[n] 8. Number of calculation reduced in radix – 2 FFT in
comparison to N-point DFT is –
3 N
(A) N log2 N complex addition and log2 N
2
(B) N(N – 1) complex addition and N2 complex
(A) multiplication.
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 n N
h[n]
(C) N complex addition and complex
2
multiplication.
2 (D) None of these
1 9. In decimation in time algorithm for Radix – 2 FFT, the
N-point DFT can be realized from
(B) N
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 n (A) One number of point DFT.
2
h[n]
N
(B) Two number of point DFTs.
3 2
(C) One number of N-point DFT.
2
(D) Two number of N-point DFTs.
(C) 10. Circular convolution of two sequence
0 1 2 3 4 5 n x1[n] = {2, 3, 1, 1}
(D) None of the above ↑
x2[n] = {1, 3, 1, 2}
5. A system with impulse response h[n] = an bn u[n] is ↑
stable if is
3.74 | Signals and Systems Test 4

(A) [14, 13, 12, 11] (B) [11, 12, 13, 14] Y(ejΩ)
   ↑    ↑
(C) [13, 14, 11, 12] (D) [12, 14, 11, 12]
   ↑    ↑ 1

11. An LTI discrete system having input x[n] and output

y[n] is described by following difference equation
y[n] = x[n] + x[n – 3] + x[n – 5] (C)
–π 0 –π
The transfer function H(ejΩ) of the system is ____ Ω
4 2
(A) e
−4 j Ω
(1+ e jΩ + e − jΩ ) Y(ejΩ)
1
−4 j Ω  Cos Ω 
(B) e 1 + 
2 
(C) e −4 jΩ ( 2 + Cos Ω) (D)
–π –π 0 Ω
−4 j Ω 2 4
(D) 1 + 2 CosΩ e
12. The 4-point discrete Fourier Transform of a discrete 14. Match the following according to their appropriate
sequence x[n] is given as Fourier representation of the signals.
XDFT[k] = {4, – j, 0, j}
List-I List-II
The sequence is _________ n
 1 (i) Fourier
(A) {1.5, 1.5, 1, 0} (a) x[n] =  u [ n]
(B) {1, 1.5, 1, 0.5}  3  Series

(C) {1, 0.5, 1, 0.5} (b) x(t) = 1 + cos 3πt + sin 5πt (ii) DTFT
(D) {1, 1.5, 1.5, 0} (c) x(t) = e–2t cos 4πt u(t) (iii) FT
13. The Zero-phase DTFT of a sequence x[n] is shown in +∞
figure below – (d) x[n] = ∑ d n − 20m  − 2d n − 3 − 20m 
m =−∞
(iv) DTFS

X(ejΩ)
(A) a – (ii), b – (i), (c) – (iii), d – (iv)
(B) a – (iv), b – (i), (c) – (ii), d – (iii)
(C) a – (i), b – (ii), (c) – (iii), d – (iv)
(D) a – (ii), b – (iii), (c) – (iv), d – (i)
π 0 π Ω 15. A continuous-time ideal band pass filter whose fre-
4 4 quency response is
Which one of the following is the DTFT of the se- 1, 2wc ≤ w ≤ 4wc
H(jw) = 
0, Otherwise
p
− jn
quence y[n] = x[n] e 4
?
If h(t) is impulse response of this filter then the function
Y(ejΩ) g(t) is __________
 sin wc t 
1
If h(t) =   g (t )
 pt 
(A) 2 cos 2 wc t (B) 2 cos 3 wc t
(A) cos 3 wc t
0 π π
Ω
(C) 2 cos wc t (D)
4 2 2
Y(ejΩ) 16. If the group delay of a discrete time LTI system with
frequency response H(ejω) and real impulse response is
given as
 p  jp 
t   = 2 & H  e 2  = 2 . Then the input of the
 2  
(B) p 3p 
–π –π 0 Ω system, if output is 2 cos  n −  is ______
2 4 2 4
 Signals and Systems Test 4 | 3.75

 np p   np 7p  Consider the following properties

(A) cos  + (B) cos  + 
 2 4   4 4
P1: System is Causal
P2: System is Linear
 np 7p   np p  P3: System is invertible
(C) cos  −  (D) cos  −
 2 2  2 4  The above properties processed by the system
17. A discrete time LTI system with impulse response h[n] is ____________
is given by – (A) P1, P2 (B) P2, P3
h[n] = βn u[n] (C) P1 only (D) None of the above
This system is 22. A linear time-invariant system has the following sys-
(A) Causal and BIBO stable if β > 1 tem function
(B) Non-causal and BIBO unstable if β < 1 1 4
H (z) = +
(C) Causal and BIBO unstable if β ≥ 1 1 −1 1 − 2 z −1
1− z
(D) Non causal and BIBO stable if β < 1 3
18. Match the List-II with the first derivatives of following 1
signals – (1) The system is stable if ROC: |Z| >
3
List - I List- II
1
X1(t) (2) The system is causal if ROC: |Z| >
3
1
1
(A) x(t) = u(t) – u(t – b) (i) (3) The system is stable if ROC: < Z <2
o b 3
t
(4) The system is causal if ROC: |Z| > 2
–a δ(t – a) Which of the statement is/are correct?
X1(t) (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 4
2 δ(t) (C) 2 and 3 (D) 3 and 4
(B) x(t) = t[u(t) – u(t – b)] (ii) 23. Which of the following causal LTI system with system
o t function H(s) is stable?

(A)
( S − 3) (B)
( S − 3)
X1(t) ( S + 2)( S −1) S ( S + 3)( S − 1)
2

δ(t)
(C)
( S − 3) (D) None of these
 1, t > 0
(C) x(t)=Sgn(t)=  (iii) b S ( S + 3)( S + 2)
−1, t < 0
o t
24. The 4-point DFT of causal three sample sequence is
δ(t – b) 1
 ; 0≤ n≤ 2
(A) (a) – (iii), b – (i), (c) – (ii)
given by – x [ n ] = 3
 0; else
(B) (a) – (ii), b – (ii), (c) – (i)
(C) (a) – (iii), b – (ii), (c) – (i)
(D) (a) – (i), b – (ii), (c) – (iii) (A) { j −j 1
3
,1, ,
3 3 } (B) {
1,
−j 1 j
, ,
3 3 3 }
{ } { }
19. (i) y[n] = x2[n]
−j j +j −j
(ii) y[n] = log{|x|n|} (C) 1, , − 1, (D) 1, , + 1,
(iii) y[n] = Sin {x[n]} 3 3 3 3
(iv) y[n] = x[n] + x[n – 1] 25. If X[k] is the 4-points DFT of a sequence x[n], then the
Invertible DT system is – DFT of the sequence y[n] = x[n] cos 2πn is –
(A) (i) and (ii) only (B) (ii) and (iv) only 1
(C) (iii) only (D) (iv) only (A) [X(k + 2) – X(k – 2)]
2
20. A discrete time system with output y[n] and input x[n] 1
is given. Causal System is ______ (B) [X(k – 1) + X(k + 1)]
(A) y[n] = 3n+2 x[n] (B) y[n] = 3n x[n + 1] 2
(C) y[n] = 3n x[n] (D) Both A and C 1
(C) [X(k – 1) – X(k + 1)]
21. A Discrete time system is described by – 2
5 x [ 2n] x < 0 1
y [ n] =  (D) [X(k – 2) + X(k + 2)]
x≥ 0 2
 0
3.76 | Signals and Systems Test 4

Answer Keys
1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D
11. D 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. D
21. D 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. B

Hints and Explanations

Solutions for questions 1 to 25: Since u[n] = 1
∞
1
1. H1(ω) =
jw + 3
So ∑ h [ n] < ∞
n=0
∞
2
∑a
n n 2 2
b = 1 + a b + a b ....
H2(ω) =
jw + 5 n=0

1
H(ω) = H1(ω) H2(ω) =
1− a b
2
=
( jw + 5)( jw + 3) The R.H.S converges if 1 – |a| |b| > 0
|a| |b| < 1 Choice (C)
 1 1 
H(ω) =  −  6. Auto-correlation is given by –
 jw + 3 jw + 5  rxx[n] = x[n] ⊛ x[–n]
h(t) = [e–3t – e–5t] u(t) x[n] = {–3, –3, –2, 2}
For BIBO stability ↑
+∞ ∞ x[–n] = {2, –2, –3, –3}
∫ h (t ) dt = ∫ (e −3t − e −5t ) d t ↑
−∞ 0 the convolution table is shown below –
 ∞ ∞
 →
=  ∫ e −3t d t − ∫ e −5t d t  x(n)
–3 –3 –2 2
0 0  ↓ x(–n)
1 1 2 –6 –6 –4 4
  2
= − = <∞
 3 5  15 –2 6 6 4 –4
Thus the system is BIBO stable. Choice (C) 9 9 –6
–3 6
2.
X2[n] –3 9 9 6 –6
X1[n] 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 rxx [n] = {–6, 0, 11, 26, 11, 0, –6} Choice (B)
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ↑
5 3
y[n] = {1, (2 + 1), (5 + 2 + 1), (5 + 2 + 1), (5 + 2 + 1), 7. H(z) = −
1 −1 1 −1
(5 + 2 + 1, (5 + 2), 5} 1+ Z 1+ Z
3 4
= {1, 3, 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 5} Choice (C)
5 −1 −1 1
3. From the distribution property of convolution we can 5+ Z −3− Z 2 − Z −1
= 4 = 4 .
write –
 1 −1   1 −1   1 −1   1 −1 
(x[n] + 5 d [n – 5]) ⊛d [n – 5] 1 + Z  1 + Z  1 + Z  1 + Z 
3 4 3 4
= x[n] ⊛d [n – 5] + 5 d [n – 5] ⊛d [n – 5]
= x[n – 5] + 5 d [n – 10] Choice (C) Both the poles of this system are inside |Z| = 1.
So the system is stable and causal.
4. For a memory less system
For the inverse system also all the poles are inside
h[n] = 0 for n ≠ 0
|Z| = 1. So inverse system is also stable and causal.
But for all impulse responses given here
 Choice (C)
h[n] ≠ 0 for n ≠ 0 Choice (D)
8. In Radix – 2 FFT= with m stages and each stage having
5. For stable system impulse response should be N
+∞ butterflies and each butterfly involve one complex
∑ h [ n] < ∞ 2
n =−∞ multiplication and tow complex additions.
 Signals and Systems Test 4 | 3.77

N 9
3 3
So the number of computations in each stage are
2
complex multiplication and N complex addition. So 1 x2[n] 2 1 x2[1–n] 1 = 1 x1[n] x2[1–n] 2 = 14
N N
× m or log 2 N complex multiplication and N
2 2 1 2
2
log2N complex additions. Choice (A)
9. N-point DFT in DIT can be realized from two numbers x3(2) = x1[n] x2[2 – n]
N 3
of point DFTs. 3 1
2
N
The point DFT can be realized from two umbers of 1 X1[n] 2 3 X2[2–n] 2= 3 X1[n] X2[2–n] 4 = 11
2
N
point DFTs and so on. Choice (B) 1 1
4 1
10. x3(3) = x1[n] x2[3 – n]
X1(1) = 3
6
3 2

X1(2) = 1 X1[n] X1(0) = 2

1 X1[n] 2 1 X2[2–n] 1 = 1 X1[n] X2[2–n] 2 = 12

1 3
X1(3) = 1
3
X2(1) = 1
x3[n] = [12, 14, 11, 12] Choice (D)
    ↑
X2(2) = 2 X2[n] X2(0) = 3 11. y[n] = x[n] + x[n – 3] + x[n – 5]
By taking DTFT –
Y (e jΩ ) = X (e jΩ ) + e −3 jΩ X (e jΩ ) + e −5 jΩ X (e jΩ )
X2(3) = 1
= (1 + e −3 jΩ + e −5 jΩ ) X (e jΩ )
1
Y (e j Ω )
H (e j Ω ) = = (1 + e −3 jΩ + e −5 jΩ )
2 X2[–n] 3
X (e j Ω )

= e −4 jΩ (e 4 jΩ + e jΩ + e − jΩ )
1 = e −4 jΩ (e 4 jΩ + 2 cos Ω )
Now when = 1 + 2cos Ω e
−4 j Ω
 Choice (D)
x3(0) = x1[n] x2[–n] =
12. XDFT{k} = {4, –j, 0, j}
3 1
here N = 4, so
j 2 np k
1 N −1
1 X2[n] 2 2 X2[–n] 3 x[n] = ∑ X DFT [ k ] e 4
N k =0
j 2 np k
1 1 1 3
x [ n] = ∑
4 k =0
X DFT [ k ] e 4
3
1 3
at n = 0, x[0] = ∑ X DFT [ k ] eo
4 k =0
2 X1[n] x2[–n] 6 = 12
1
=
4 [4 – j + 0 + j] = 1
1 1 3  jp j 3p

x3(1) = x1[n] x2[1 – n]
at n = 1, x[1] = ∑  4 − je + 0 + je 
4 k =0 
2 2


3.78 | Signals and Systems Test 4

1 It is discrete time signal with period 20m. So,

=  4 + 1 + 0 + 1 = 1.5 Discrete time fourier series will be appropriate
4
representation. (d) – (iv) Choice (A)
1 3
at n = 2, x[2] = ∑ X DFT [ k ] e jk p
4 k =0 1 w < wc
15. If P(j) = 
0 w > wc
1
=  4 − je jp + 0 + je j 3p 
4 sin wc t
Then p(t) =
1 pt
=  4 + j + 0 − j  = 1
4 H(ω) = P(ω – 3 ω c) + P(ω + 3 ω c)
3 jk 3 ∧ j 3w t − j 3wc t
1 So h(t) = p(t) e c + p(t) e
at n = 3, x[3] = ∑ X DFT [ k ] e
4 k =0
2

= p(t) e c + e c 
3 jw t − j 3w t

1 j 3p
 j 9p
=  4 − je + 0 + je  = 0.52 2 sin wc t 3 jwc t −3 jwc t sin wc t
4  =
pt
e +e  =
pt
(2 cos 3wc t )
x[n] = {1, 1.5, 1, 0.5] Choice (B)
 Choice (B)
13. As we know that by frequency shifting property –
−d
16. Group delay t (w ) =
DTFT
e j Ωo n x [ n ] ↔ X  e ( o ) 
j Ω−Ω
∠H(ejw)
  dw
− jn
p
 j  Ω + p   So ∠H(ejw) = − ∫ t (w ) d w
So e 4
x [ n] = X  e  4  
   jp  2w p
∠H  e 2  = =
So Y (e ) will be the frequency advance version of w w
jΩ
 
p  jp  p
X (e jΩ ) by ∠H  e 2  = –2 × = – π
4   2
So, Y (e ) will be
jΩ
 jp 
and H  e 2  = 2
Y(ejΩ)  
So Y(ejω) = H(ejω) X(ejω)
Y (e j w ) Y (e j w )
X(e ) =
jω =
H (e jw ) | H ((e jw ) | e j∠H (e )
jw

∧ ∧ 0 Ω   p  p   − j 3p
2p  d  w −  + d  w +   e 4
2 4  2  2 
=  − jp
 Choice (B) 2e
 + j p4
n
 1   p  p
14. (a) x[n] =   u ( n) = p d  w −  + d  w +  e
 3   2   2 
It is a discrete signal and non-periodic signal. So  p n p
discrete time fourier transform will be the appro- So x(t) = cos  +  Choice (A)
 2 4 
priate Fourier Transform. (a) – (ii)
(b) x(t) = 1 + Cos3πt + Sin5πt 17. Since h[n] = 0 for n < 0, So system is causal
+∞ +∞
It is a continuous time signal and periodic also. So
Fourier Series will be appropriate representation. ∑
k =−∞
h[k ] = ∑
k =−∞
b k u [ n]
(b) – (i) ∞
1
(c) x(t) = e–2t Cos4πt u(t) =∑ b =
k
|β| < 1
It is continuous time signal and non-periodic k =0 1− b
also. So, Fourier Transform will be appropriate Therefore, the system is BIBO stable if β < 1 and un-
representation. stable if |β| ≥ 1. Choice (C)
(c) – (iii)
+∞ 18. Signal
(d) x[n] = ∑ d n − 20m  − 2d n − 3 − 20m 
m =−∞
(A) x(t) = u(t) – u(t – b)
 Signals and Systems Test 4 | 3.79

X1 (t) for x3[n] = x1[n] + x2[n]

x(t)
y3[n] ≠ 0 ≠ y1[n] + y2[n]
1 X1(t) = δ(t)
So system is not linear.
Inevitability:-
o b t t System is not invertible because for different input it
δ(t – b) has same outputs.
where –x(t) = t For example
x (t) X1(t)
[u(t) – u(t – b)] y[n] = 0 for x[n] = 1
b
1
= 0 for x[n] = 2 Choice (D)
1 4
(B) 22. H(z) = 1 + −1
b t 0 b t 1 − Z −1 1 − 2 Z
3
X1 (t)
1 4
2 δ(t) H(z) = +
1 −1
1 − Z −1 1 − 2 Z
where x(t) = Sgn(t)
 1, t > 0 3
(C) = 1
−1, t < 0
o t
The system has poles at Z = and Z = 2
3
 Choice (A)
19. (i) y[n] = x2[n] Stability:
for x[n] = 2 y[n] = 4 An LTI system is stable only if ROC of H(z) contains
for x[n] = –2 y[n] = 4 1
unit circle so ROC: < |Z| < 2
for two distinct input output is same so, 3
Non-invertible. Causality:
(ii) y[n] = log{x[|n|] For an LTI system to be causal the ROC must be exte-
for x[n] = 10n and rior of a circle outside the outer most pole. Here outer
for x[n] = 10–n output most pole is Z = 2. So for a causal system ROC |Z| > 2.
is same y[n] = log{10|n|} = n  Choice (D)
So system is non-invertible. 23. For a causal system to be stable poles must lie in the
(iii) y[n] = Sin{x[n]} negative half of S-plane.
This system also produces same output for differ- S −3
ent inputs, So Non-invertible. (A) poles at S = –2 and at S = 1 poles
(iv) y[n] = x[n] + x[n – 1] ( S + 2)( S −1)
This is invertible system and inverse is lies in right half of S-plane. So it is unstable.
x[n] = y[n] = y[n – 1] Choice (D) (B) Poles at S = 0, S = –3 and S = 1 poles lie in right
20. (A) y[n] = 3n+2 x[n] half of S-plane. So it is unstable.
Output does not depend on future value of input so (C) Poles at S = 0, S = –3 and at S = –2 poles lies in left
this is a causal system. half of S-plane. So, it is stable. Choice (C)
3 − j 2 p kn 2 − j p kn
(B) y[n] = 3n x[n + 1]
24. x[k] = ∑ x [ n] e 4 = ∑ x [ n] e 2
at n = 0, y[0] = x[1] n=0 n=0
output y[0] depends on future value of input − j pk
{x(1)}, So the system is not causal. = x(0)eo + x(1) e 2
+ x (2) e − j pk
(C) y[n] = 3n x[n]
for n = 1, y[1] = 3x[1] 1 1 − j pk 1
= + e 2 + e − j pk
output at n = 1 depends on present value of input 3 3 3
{x(2)}, So this is also a causal system. For 4-point DFT x[k] has to be evaluated for k = 0, 1,
 Choice (D) 2, 3 –
21. Causality:- 1
System is non causal because output depends on future When k = 0; X(0) =
3
value of input.
[1 + Cos0 – jSin0 + Cos0 – jSin0]
at n = 1, y[1] = 5x[2]
1
Linearity:- = [1 + 1 + 1] = 1
Let x1[2n] = 1 then y1[n] = 0 3
x2[2n] = –1 then y2­[n] = –5 When k = 1; X(1)
3.80 | Signals and Systems Test 4

1  p p  25. y[n] = x[n] Cos2 p n

=
3 1 + Cos 2 − j Sin 2 + Cos p − j Sin p   e − j 2 pn + e + j 2 pn 
= x [ n]  
1 −j  2 
= 1 + 0 − j − 1 − j 0  =
3 3 1 1
= x [ n] e − j 2 pn + x [ n] e + j 2 pn
When k = 2; X(2) 2 2
1 1 By using circular frequency shift property
= 1 + Cos p − j Sin p + Cos 2p − j Sin 2p  =
3 2 j 2 p n ko

↔ X ( K − Ko )N
DFT
When k = 3; X(3) x [ n] e N

 3p 3p  here Ko =1 N = 1
1 + Cos − j Sin − 
1
↔ X ( K − 1) N
DFT
=  2 2 j 2 pn
 x[n] e
3 3p
j Sin + Cos 3p − j Sin 3p 
  ↔ X ( K + 1) N
DFT
2 x[n] e
− j 2 pn

1 j
= 1 + 0 + j − 1 − j 0  = DFT of y[n]
3 3
1
X[k] = 1,{ −j 1 j
, , 
3 3 3 } Choice (B)
Y(k) =

2
[X(k – 1) + X(k + 1)]
Choice (B)