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SQL Cheat Sheet

This SQL Cheat Sheet provides essential commands for basic queries, filtering, aggregations, joins, data modification, table operations, and advanced queries. It includes syntax examples for operations such as SELECT, WHERE, JOIN, INSERT, and CREATE TABLE, among others. This resource serves as a quick reference for SQL users to efficiently write and understand SQL statements.

Uploaded by

mrbanala.m51
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

SQL Cheat Sheet

This SQL Cheat Sheet provides essential commands for basic queries, filtering, aggregations, joins, data modification, table operations, and advanced queries. It includes syntax examples for operations such as SELECT, WHERE, JOIN, INSERT, and CREATE TABLE, among others. This resource serves as a quick reference for SQL users to efficiently write and understand SQL statements.

Uploaded by

mrbanala.m51
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Cheat Sheet

1. Basic Queries

• SELECT: Retrieve data from a table.

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SELECT * FROM table_name;


SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;
• WHERE: Filter rows based on conditions.
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SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition;


SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 18;
• LIMIT: Limit the number of rows returned.
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SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 10;


• ORDER BY: Sort results.
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SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column1 ASC; -- Ascending


SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column1 DESC; -- Descending
• DISTINCT: Select unique values.
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SELECT DISTINCT column1 FROM table_name;

2. Filtering and Operators

• AND, OR, NOT: Combine conditions.

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SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition1 AND condition2;
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition1 OR condition2;
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE NOT condition;
• IN: Match any value in a list.
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SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column1 IN (value1, value2);


• BETWEEN: Select within a range.
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SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column1 BETWEEN value1 AND value2;


• LIKE: Pattern matching.
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SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column1 LIKE 'a%'; -- Starts with 'a'
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column1 LIKE '%a'; -- Ends with 'a'
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column1 LIKE '%a%'; -- Contains 'a'

3. Aggregations

• COUNT: Count rows.

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SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;


• SUM: Sum of values.
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SELECT SUM(column1) FROM table_name;


• AVG: Average of values.
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SELECT AVG(column1) FROM table_name;


• MIN/MAX: Minimum or maximum value.
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SELECT MIN(column1) FROM table_name;


SELECT MAX(column1) FROM table_name;
• GROUP BY: Group rows by a column.
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SELECT column1, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column1;


• HAVING: Filter groups.
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SELECT column1, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column1 HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;

4. Joins

• INNER JOIN: Rows with matching values in both tables.

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SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;


• LEFT JOIN: All rows from the left table and matching rows from the right
table.
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SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;


• RIGHT JOIN: All rows from the right table and matching rows from the left
table.
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SELECT * FROM table1 RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;


• FULL OUTER JOIN: All rows when there is a match in either table.
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SELECT * FROM table1 FULL OUTER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

5. Modifying Data

• INSERT: Add new rows.

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INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (value1, value2);


• UPDATE: Modify existing rows.
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UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1 WHERE condition;


• DELETE: Remove rows.
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DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

6. Table Operations

• CREATE TABLE: Create a new table.

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CREATE TABLE table_name (


column1 datatype PRIMARY KEY,
column2 datatype NOT NULL,
column3 datatype DEFAULT value
);
• ALTER TABLE: Modify a table.
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ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;


ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name;
• DROP TABLE: Delete a table.
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DROP TABLE table_name;

7. Advanced Queries

• UNION: Combine results from multiple queries.

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SELECT column1 FROM table1 UNION SELECT column1 FROM table2;


• SUBQUERY: Nested query.
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SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM table2 WHERE conditio
n);
• INDEX: Improve query performance.
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CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column1);

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