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4-Data Structures Operations and Its Cost Estimation

The document discusses various data structure operations including access, insertion, deletion, traversal, sorting, merging, and splitting, along with their cost estimations in terms of time and space complexity. It provides examples of these operations for different data structures such as arrays, linked lists, binary search trees, and hash tables, detailing their respective complexities using Big O notation. The importance of efficient algorithms and data structures in high-performance software design is emphasized.

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28 views4 pages

4-Data Structures Operations and Its Cost Estimation

The document discusses various data structure operations including access, insertion, deletion, traversal, sorting, merging, and splitting, along with their cost estimations in terms of time and space complexity. It provides examples of these operations for different data structures such as arrays, linked lists, binary search trees, and hash tables, detailing their respective complexities using Big O notation. The importance of efficient algorithms and data structures in high-performance software design is emphasized.

Uploaded by

shubhrajkumar707
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Structures Operations and its Cost Estimation

High-performance software design in computer science is greatly dependent on the efficiency


of algorithms and data structures. Different operations are supported by various data
structures and the expenses for these operations can be estimated in terms of time
complexity, or space complexity.

Common Data Structure Operations:

1. Access/Search:

Description: Finding the location of a particular element in the data structure.


Examples: Searching for an element in an array, finding a key in a hash table.

2. Insertion:

Description: Adding a new element to the data structure.


Examples: Inserting a node into a linked list, adding an element to an array.

3. Deletion:

Description: Removing an element from the data structure.


Examples: Deleting a node from a linked list, removing an element from an array.

4. Traversal:

Description: Visiting and processing each element in the data structure.


Examples: Iterating through elements in an array, traversing nodes in a tree.

5. Sorting:

Description: Arranging elements in a specified order.

EasyExamNotes.com Data Structures Operations and its Cost Estimation


Data Structures Operations and its Cost Estimation

Examples: Sorting an array using algorithms like quicksort or mergesort.

6. Merging:

Description: Combining two data structures into one.


Examples: Merging two sorted arrays or merging two sorted linked lists.

7. Splitting:

Description: Dividing a data structure into multiple parts.


Examples: Splitting an array into two halves or splitting a linked list.

Cost Estimation:

Time Complexity:

Definition: Measures the amount of time an algorithm takes with respect to its input
size.
Notation: Big O notation (O(f(n))).
Example: If an algorithm’s time complexity is O(n), it means the running time grows
linearly with the input size.

Space Complexity:

Definition: Measures the amount of memory an algorithm uses with respect to its input
size.
Notation: Big O notation (O(f(n))).
Example: If an algorithm’s space complexity is O(1), it means the memory usage
remains constant regardless of the input size.

EasyExamNotes.com Data Structures Operations and its Cost Estimation


Data Structures Operations and its Cost Estimation

Examples:

Array:

Access/Search: O(1) – constant time if the index is known.


Insertion/Deletion: O(n) – linear time for shifting elements.
Traversal: O(n) – linear time to visit each element.

Linked List:

Access/Search: O(n) – linear time to traverse the list.


Insertion/Deletion: O(1) – constant time for adding/removing elements at the beginning
(with a reference to the head).
Traversal: O(n) – linear time to visit each node.

Binary Search Tree:

Access/Search: O(log n) – logarithmic time for balanced trees.


Insertion/Deletion: O(log n) – logarithmic time for balanced trees.
Traversal: O(n) – linear time for in-order traversal.

Hash Table:

Access/Search/Insertion/Deletion: O(1) – constant time on average for well-distributed


hash functions.
Traversal: O(n) – linear time to visit each element.

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EasyExamNotes.com Data Structures Operations and its Cost Estimation


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EasyExamNotes.com Data Structures Operations and its Cost Estimation

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