Scribd
Upload
4 views

phy3

The document is a physics investigatory project focused on constructing and studying a full wave rectifier, which converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). It explains the advantages of full wave rectifiers over half wave rectifiers, including higher efficiency and smoother output. The project includes a working circuit diagram, materials required, and observations on the output frequency.

Uploaded by

lakhan9953
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

phy3

The document is a physics investigatory project focused on constructing and studying a full wave rectifier, which converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). It explains the advantages of full wave rectifiers over half wave rectifiers, including higher efficiency and smoother output. The project includes a working circuit diagram, materials required, and observations on the output frequency.

Uploaded by

lakhan9953
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

lOMoARcPSD|50616642

Physics Investigatory 1

Physics (Government Polytechnic College, Neyyattinkara)

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university


Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])
lOMoARcPSD|50616642

PHYSICS
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50616642

AIM: To construct and study the working conditions of a full


wave

INTRODUCTION:

1. RECTIFIER:
A rectifier is an electrical device that (AC), which periodically
reverses direction, to (DC), which flows in only one direction.
The process is known as rectification. Physically, rectifiers take
a number of forms, including
Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as
components of DC and power transmission systems.
It is a combination of Diodes and Resistors either in series or
in parallel It gives appropriate output to be used in DC
combination
2. FULL WAVE RECTIFIER:
While this method may be suitable for low power applications
it is unsuitable to applications which need a "steady and
smooth" DC supply voltage. One method to improve on this is
to use every half-cycle of the input voltage instead of every
other half-cycle. The circuit which allows us to do this is called
a Full Wave Rectifier.
Like the half wave circuit, a full wave rectifier circuit produces
an output voltage or current which is purely DC or has some
specified DC component.

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50616642

Full wave rectifiers have some fundamental advantages over


their half wave rectifier counterparts. The average (DC) output
voltage is higher than for half wave, the output of the full wave
rectifier has much less ripple than that of the half wave rectifier
producing a smoother output waveform.
Vs- Vmsinwt i.e., sinusoidal input voltage

In a Full Wave Rectifier circuit two diodes are now used, one
for each half of the cycle. A is used whose secondary winding
is split equally into two halves with a common centre tapped
connection, (C). This configuration results in each diode
conducting in turn when its anode terminal is positive with
respect to the transformer centre point C producing output
during both half cycles, twice that for the half wave rectifier as
it is 100 percent efficient.
The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two power diodes
connected to a single load resistance (RL) with each diode
taking it in turn to supply current to the load. When point A of
the transformer is positive with respect to point C, diode DI
conducts in the forward direction as indicated by the arrows

When point B is positive (in the negative half of the cycle) with
respect to point C diode D2 conducts in the forward direction
and the current flowing through resistor R is in the same
direction for both half-cycles. As the output voltage across the
resistor R is the phasor sum of the two waveforms combined,
this type of full wave rectifier circuit is also known as a "bi-
phase" circuit

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50616642

COMPARISION CHART

PARAMETERS HALF-WAVE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIERS


RECTIFIERS
Rectification efficiency 40.6% 81.2%
Ripple factor 1.21 0.482
Transformer utilization factor 0.286 0.692
Voltage regulation Good Better
Fundamental frequency of Equal to supply Double of supply frequency,2f
ripple frequency
Form factor 1.57 1.11
Peak factor 2 1.414
Number of diodes Only 1 Vary from 2 to 4,4 in case of
bridge rectifier
Peak inverse voltage Vs 2Vs
DC output voltage Imax/π RL 2/π RL Imax

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50616642

Application of full wave rectifier:


To provide full wave rectification, usually as a first step to
convert AC power to DC.
• Car alternator
• Any cell phone charger
• Laptop/tablet charger Power bank
• Any other switching supply: alarm, charger, Bluetooth
device charger, Lan/router supply etc
• Audio power supply in pre amp and power amplifier
• Any video device
• Lead battery charger LED driver, any LED lamp over 10
watts in general
4 Characteristics of Full Wave Rectifier:

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50616642

5 Advantages of Full Wave Rectifier:

You can use four individual power diodes to make a full wave
bridge, readymade bridge rectifier components are available
off-the-shelf in a range of different voltage and current sizes
that can be soldered directly into a PCB circuit board or be
connected by spade connectors.

The full-wave bridge rectifier gives us a greater mean DC value


with less superimposed ripple while the output waveform is
twice that of the frequency of the input supply. Therefore,
increase its average DC output level even higher by connecting
a suitable smoothing capacitor across the output of the bridge
circuit.

The advantages of a full-wave bridge rectifier are that it has a


smaller AC ripple value for a given load and a smaller reservoir
or smoothing capacitor than an equivalent half-wave rectifier
circuit. The fundamental frequency of the ripple voltage is
twice that of the AC supply frequency 100Hz where for the
half-wave rectifier it is exactly equal to the supply frequency
50Hz.

The amount of ripple voltage that is superimposed on top of the


DC supply voltage by the diodes can be virtually eliminated by
adding a much-improved a-filter to the output terminals of the
bridge. Low-pass filter consists of two smoothing capacitors of
the same value and a choke or inductance across them to

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50616642

introduce a high impedance path to the alternating ripple


component.

Alternative is to use an off the shelf 3 terminal voltage


regulator IC, such as a LM78xx where "xx" stands for the
output voltage rating for a positive output voltage or its inverse
equivalent the LM79xx for a negative output voltage which can
reduce the ripple by more than 70dB Datasheet while delivering
a constant output current of over 1 amp.

It is the basic component to get DC voltage for the components


which operates with D.C voltage. One can describe its working
as a full wave rectifier project.

It is the heart of the circuit. Full wave rectifier uses the diode
bridge, Capacitors are used to get rid of ripples. Based on the
requirement of D.C voltage.

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50616642

Working circuit:

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
1. Two junction diodes (D1 and D2)
2. IC 4007
3. Resistor (220 ohms)
4. LED bulb
5. Connecting wires

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50616642

WORKING:

When the AC is supplied to the transformer, it step down the


240V main supply to 12V. It has a capability of delivering
700mA. The 12 volts AC appearing across the secondary is the
RMS value. The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in
"series pairs" with only two diodes conducting current during
each half cycle. The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged
in "series pairs" with only two diodes conducting current during
each half cycle. During the positive half cycle of the supply,
diodes D1 and D2 conduct in series while diodes D3 and D4
are reverse biased and the current flows through the load

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50616642

OBSERVATION & CONCLUSION:

The output frequency of fall wave rectifier is equal to two times


of input frequency f o/p=2 f I/p.

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50616642

BIBILOGRAPHY:
• NCERT TEXTBOOK
• WIKIPEDIA.ORG
• SCIENCEANSWERS.COM
• WWW ELPROCUS.COM
• ALL IN ONE REFERENCE GUIDE

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])


lOMoARcPSD|50616642

THANK YOU

Downloaded by Aryan ([email protected])

You might also like