The document presents problems related to affine varieties, specifically showing that certain sets are varieties and establishing polynomial maps between them. It discusses the irreducibility of a variety defined by a polynomial map and provides a method to demonstrate surjectivity. Additionally, it explores the implications of polynomial maps between subvarieties and their restrictions.
The document presents problems related to affine varieties, specifically showing that certain sets are varieties and establishing polynomial maps between them. It discusses the irreducibility of a variety defined by a polynomial map and provides a method to demonstrate surjectivity. Additionally, it explores the implications of polynomial maps between subvarieties and their restrictions.
The document presents problems related to affine varieties, specifically showing that certain sets are varieties and establishing polynomial maps between them. It discusses the irreducibility of a variety defined by a polynomial map and provides a method to demonstrate surjectivity. Additionally, it explores the implications of polynomial maps between subvarieties and their restrictions.
The document presents problems related to affine varieties, specifically showing that certain sets are varieties and establishing polynomial maps between them. It discusses the irreducibility of a variety defined by a polynomial map and provides a method to demonstrate surjectivity. Additionally, it explores the implications of polynomial maps between subvarieties and their restrictions.
(a) Show that {(t, t2 , t3 ) ∈ A3 (k) | t ∈ k} is an affine variety.
(b) Show that V (XZ − Y 2 , Y Z − X 3 , Z 2 − X 2 Y ) ⊆ A3 (C) is a variety. (Hint: Y 3 −
X 4 , Z 3 − X 5 , Z 4 − Y 5 ∈ I(V ). Find a polynomial map from A1 (C) onto V .)
Proof. (a) Let V = {(t, t2 , t3 ) ∈ A3 (k) | t ∈ k}. Let ϕ : A1 (C) → V be a polynomial map defined by ϕ(t) = (t, t2 , t3 ). By Problem 1-11(a), V = V (X 2 − Y, X 3 − Z) is an algebraic set. Clearly, ϕ is surjective. By Problem 2-7, V is irreducibe since ϕ−1 (V ) = A1 (C) is irreducible. (b) Let V = V (XZ − Y 2 , Y Z − X 3 , Z 2 − X 2 Y ). Note that Y 3 − X 4 = −Y (XZ − Y 2 ) + X(Y Z − X 3 ) ∈ I(V ), Z 3 − X 5 = Z(Z 2 − X 2 Y ) + X 2 (Y Z − X 3 ) ∈ I(V ), and Z 4 − Y 5 = Z 2 (Z 2 − X 2 Y ) + (XY Z + Y 3 )(ZX − Y 2 ) ∈ I(V ). Hence we can define a polynomial map ϕ : A1 (C) → V by ϕ(t) = (t3 , t4 , t5 ). It is well-defined. By Problem 2-7, it suffices to show that ϕ is surjective. For any (x, y, z) ∈ V , we wanna pick t ∈ C such that (t, t2 , t3 ) = (x, y, z). We may assume (x, y, z) 6= (0, 0, 0). If so, t = 0. Since C is algebraically closed, there exists t ∈ C such that x = t3 . By the relations Y 3 −X 4 = 0 and Z 3 − X 5 = 0, we have y 3 = t12 and z 3 = t15 . So y = t4 ω i and z = t5 ω j where ω is a fixed primitive third root of unity (with i, j = 0, 1, 2). By the relation Y Z = X 3 , t9 ω i+j = t9 or ω j = ω −i . Hence, (x, y, z) = (t3 , t4 ω i , t5 ω j ) = (s3 , s4 , s5 ) ∈ V where s = tω i .
Problem 2-9*. Let ϕ : V → W be a polynomial map of affine varieties, V 0 ⊆ V ,
W 0 ⊆ W subvarieties. Suppose ϕ(V 0 ) ⊆ W 0 .
e W (W 0 )) ⊆ IV (V 0 ) (See Problem 2-3).
(a) Show that ϕ(I
(b) Show that the restriction of ϕ gives a polynomial map from V 0 to W 0 .
e W (W 0 )) where f ∈ IW (W 0 ). f ∈ Γ(W ) and f (W 0 ) = 0.
e ) ∈ ϕ(I Proof. (a) Take ϕ(f Note that ϕ(Γ(W e e )(V 0 ) = 0. For each )) ⊆ Γ(V ), and thus it suffices to show that ϕ(f v 0 ∈ V 0 , since ϕ(V 0 ) ⊆ W 0 , ϕ(f e )(v 0 ) = f (ϕ(v 0 )) = f (w0 ) = 0 where w0 = ϕ(v 0 ) ∈ W 0 . e )(V 0 ) = 0. Thus ϕ(f e : Γ(W 0 ) → Γ(V 0 ) (also denoted by ϕ) (b) By Proposition 1, it suffices to show that ϕ e is 0 ∼ 0 ∼ a homomorphism. By Problem 2-3, Γ(V ) = Γ(V )/IV (V ) and Γ(W ) = Γ(W )/IW (W 0 ). 0
