Podar International School

As level - Practice Paper 3

1 Many solid salts exist as hydrates. One example is washing soda – hydrated sodium
carbonate, Na2CO3.xH2O.

You are to determine the value of x in Na2CO3.xH2O by titration with hydrochloric acid.

FB 1 is hydrated sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.xH2O.

FB 2 is 0.200 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid, HCl.
methyl orange indicator

The equation for the reaction between hydrated sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is
shown below.

Na2CO3.xH2O + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + (x + 1) H2O

(a) Method

• Weigh the tube containing FB 1, the hydrated sodium carbonate. Record the mass
in the space below.
• Add all the FB 1 into a 250 cm3 glass beaker. Reweigh the tube containing any
residual FB 1. Record the mass in the space below.
• Calculate and record the mass of FB 1 used.

mass of FB 1 used = .................. g

• Use the 50 cm3 measuring cylinder to add, in total, about 100 cm3 of distilled water
to the beaker.
• Stir with a glass rod until all the solid has dissolved.
• Pour the solution from the beaker into the 250 cm3 graduated (volumetric) flask.
• Wash out the beaker thoroughly with distilled water and add the washings to the
graduated flask.
• Make up the contents of the graduated flask to the 250 cm3 mark with distilled
water.
• Shake the flask to mix the solution of FB 1.
• Pipette 25.0 cm3 of your solution of FB 1 into a conical flask.
• Add to the flask a few drops of methyl orange indicator and place the flask on a
white tile.
• Fill the burette with hydrochloric acid, FB 2.
• Titrate the solution of FB 1 with the acid until the end-point is reached.
 You should perform a rough titration.
In the space below record your burette readings for this rough titration.

The rough titre is ................. cm3.

• Carry out as many accurate titrations as you think necessary to obtain consistent
results.
• Make certain any recorded results show the precision of your practical work.
• Record, in an appropriate form below, all your burette readings and the volume of
FB 2 added in each accurate titration.
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VII
[7]

(b) From your accurate titration results, obtain a suitable value to be used in your calculations.
Show clearly how you obtained this value.

25.0 cm3 of FB 1 required ........................... cm3 of FB 2. [1]

(c) Calculations

Show your working and appropriate significant figures in the final answer to each step
of your calculations.

(i) Calculate how many moles of HCl were present in the volume of FB 2 calculated
in (b).

................... mol of HCl

(ii) Calculate how many moles of Na2CO3.xH2O were present in 25.0 cm3 of the
solution of FB 1.

Na2CO3.xH2O + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + (x + 1) H2O

.................... mol of Na2CO3.xH2O

(iii) Calculate how many moles of Na2CO3.xH2O were present in 250 cm3 of the solution
of FB 1.

.................... mol of Na2CO3.xH2O

(iv) Use the mass of FB 1 that you weighed out to calculate the relative formula mass
of Na2CO3.xH2O.
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IV
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relative formula mass = ......................
 (v) Calculate the value of x in Na2CO3.xH2O.
[Ar : H, 1.0; C, 12.0; O, 16.0; Na, 23.0]

x = .................. [6]

(d) The error in a single burette reading is ± 0.05 cm3.

What is the percentage error in the titre volume calculated in (b)?

percentage error = ...................... % [1]

[Total: 15]
 Quantitative analysis

 ead through the whole method before starting any practical work. Where appropriate, prepare a table
R
for your results in the space provided.

Show the precision of the apparatus you used in the data you record.

Show your working and appropriate significant figures in the final answer to each step of your calculations.

2 An iron compound can contain Fe2+ ions, Fe3+ ions or both ions.

In this experiment, you will determine the percentage by mass of iron in FA 1, an unknown compound.
You will first prepare a solution of the compound and then carry out a titration using acidified
potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4.

5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) → 5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)

The end-point of the titration is when all the Fe2+ ions have been oxidised and so unreacted
potassium manganate(VII) causes the colour of the solution to become a permanent pale pink.

FA 1 is a sample of the unknown compound.


FA 2 is 0.0100 mol dm–3 potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4.

FA 3 is dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4.


(a) Method

Weighing the compound


● Weigh the sample of FA 1 and its container.
● Tip the FA 1 into the 250 cm3 beaker.
● Reweigh the container including any residual FA 1.
● Record both your readings clearly in the space below.
● Calculate the mass of FA 1 transferred into the beaker. Record the mass.

Preparing the solution


● Add approximately 200 cm3 of distilled water to the beaker and stir until the FA 1 has
dissolved.
● Pour the contents carefully into the 250 cm3 volumetric flask.
● Rinse the contents of the beaker with a little distilled water and add these washings to the
flask.
● Fill the flask to the line with distilled water and shake thoroughly.
● Label this solution FA 4.
 Titration
● Fill the burette with FA 2.
● Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 4 into a conical flask.
● Use the 25 cm3 measuring cylinder to add 15 cm3 of FA 3 to the conical flask.
● Add FA 2 from the burette until the solution in the flask turns a permanent pink.
● Carry out a rough titration and record your burette readings in the space below.

 rough titre = .............................. cm3

●  arry out as many accurate titrations as you think are necessary to obtain consistent
C
results.
● Make sure that your recorded results show the precision of your practical work.
● Record in a suitable format, in the space below, all your burette readings and the volume
of FA 2 added in each accurate titration.

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VIII

[8]

(b) From your accurate titration results, calculate a suitable mean value to use in your calculations.
Show clearly how you obtained this value.

 25.0 cm3 of FA 4 required .............................. cm3 of FA 2. [1]

 (c) Calculations

(i) Give your answers to (c)(ii), (c)(iii) and (c)(iv) to the appropriate number of significant
figures. [1]

(ii) Calculate the amount, in mol, of manganate(VII) ions in the volume recorded in (b).

 amount of MnO4– = .............................. mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the amount, in mol, of iron(II) ions in the weighed sample of FA 1.

 amount of Fe2+ = .............................. mol [1]

(iv) Calculate the percentage by mass of iron in FA 1. Show your working.

 percentage by mass of iron = .............................. % [2]

(d) A student carries out the same experiment as in (a). The student receives a sample of FA 1 in
a container with a lid. The student records the initial mass of the container with its lid and the
sample of FA 1. Then the student records the mass of the container with the residue but forgets
to replace the lid.

How would this error alter the student’s answer to (c)(iv)?

Explain your answer.

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............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) State two assumptions that have been made in calculating the percentage by mass of iron in
FA 1 in (c)(iv).

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............................................................................................................................................... [2]

 [Total: 17]
3 You will determine, using Hess’ Law, the enthalpy change, ΔH1, for the reaction of magnesium
with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.

Mg(s) + ½O2(g) MgO(s)

(a) Reaction of magnesium with sulfuric acid

Method

FA 4 is 0.64 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid.

FA 5 is magnesium turnings. This is supplied in two containers.

You will carry out the experiment twice.

• Support the plastic cup in a 250 cm3 beaker.

• Using a measuring cylinder, transfer 25 cm3 of FA 4 into the plastic cup.
• Tilt the beaker so that the bulb of the thermometer is covered by the solution.
Measure and record the initial temperature of the solution.
• Carefully, add all the FA 5 from one of the containers into the plastic cup.
• Stir the mixture constantly with the thermometer.
• Record the highest temperature obtained.
• Empty and rinse the plastic cup and dry it with a paper towel.
• Repeat the experiment using the second portion of FA 5.

In the space below, record all your readings in an appropriate form.

Calculate the mean temperature rise.

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mean temperature rise = ....................... °C [5]

Calculation

Show your working and express your answers to three significant figures.

(i) Using the mean temperature rise above, calculate the mean heat energy produced
in the reaction.
(You may assume that 4.3 J are required to raise the temperature of 1.0 cm3 of any
solution by 1.0 °C.)

heat energy produced = ........................ ............

value unit
 (ii) Calculate the enthalpy change, ΔH2, in kJ mol–1, for the following reaction.

Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)

You should assume that the magnesium in your reaction is in excess.

ΔH2 = .......... ................... kJ mol–1 [2]

sign value

(b) Reaction of magnesium oxide with sulfuric acid

Method

FA 4 is 0.64 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid.

FA 6 is magnesium oxide.

• Using a measuring cylinder, transfer 50 cm3 of FA 4 into a 250 cm3 beaker.

• Place the beaker on a tripod and gauze, and heat gently until the temperature of
the acid reaches 45 °C–60 °C.
• Support a plastic cup in a 250 cm3 beaker.
• Transfer all the solution of hot FA 4 into the plastic cup.
• Stir and record the temperature of hot FA 4.
• Immediately add all the FA 6 to the FA 4 in the plastic cup.
• Stir the mixture constantly with the thermometer.
• Record the highest temperature obtained.

In the space below, record all your readings in an appropriate form.

[3]
 Calculation

Show your working and express your answers to three significant figures.

(i) Calculate the heat energy produced in the reaction.

(You may assume that 4.3 J are required to raise the temperature of 1.0 cm3 of any
solution by 1.0 °C.)

heat energy produced = ........................ ............

value unit

(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change, ΔH3, in kJ mol–1, for the following reaction.
MgO(s) + H2SO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l)
You should assume that the magnesium oxide in your reaction is in excess.

ΔH3 = .......... ................... kJ mol–1

sign value

(iii) The enthalpy change for the following reaction is –286 kJ mol–1.
H2(g) + ½O2(g) H2O(l) ΔH = –286 kJ mol–1
Use the Hess’ Law cycle given below to calculate ΔH1, the enthalpy change for the
reaction of magnesium with oxygen.
ΔH1
Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) + ½O2(g) MgO(s) + H2SO4(aq)

ΔH2 ΔH3
–286 kJ mol–1
MgSO4(aq) + H2(g) + ½O2(g) MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l)

ΔH1 = .......... ................... kJ mol–1 [3]

sign value

(c) Suggest one improvement to the method by which heat losses from your apparatus
could have been reduced.

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[Total: 14]
4 In this experiment you will determine the percentage by mass of magnesium in a hydrated salt,
MgX•7H2O, where X represents the anion.

You will measure the loss of mass when a sample of the hydrated salt is heated to form the
anhydrous salt.

FA 5 is a pure sample of MgX•7H2O



(a) Method
● Weigh the crucible with its lid. Record the mass.
● Add all of FA 5 to the crucible.
● Reweigh the crucible with its lid and FA 5. Record the mass.
● Support the crucible in the pipe-clay triangle on top of the tripod.
● Heat the crucible with the lid on gently for about 1 minute.
● Remove the lid and then heat strongly for a further 4 minutes.
● Replace the lid and allow the crucible to cool for at least 5 minutes.

While the crucible is cooling you may wish to begin work on Question 3.

●  hen the crucible is cool enough to handle, reweigh the crucible with its lid and its contents.
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Record the mass.
● Calculate and record the mass of FA 5 used.
● Calculate and record the mass of water lost.

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[5]

(b) Calculations

(i) Calculate the amount, in mol, of water lost.

 amount of H2O lost = .............................. mol [1]

 (ii) Calculate the percentage by mass of magnesium in FA 5. Show your working.

 percentage by mass of Mg = .............................. % [2]

(c) Suggest two assumptions that must be made for this experiment to give an accurate value of
the percentage of Mg.

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 [Total: 10]